Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883289
Liqing Zhang, M. Kaplan
We propose and evaluate a form of multiuser detector for base station reception in CDMA wireless. The setting we have in mind is one in which the interference at any base station has components whose parameters-power delay, signature sequence-are known to the receiver as well as components, representing out-of-cell transmissions, for example, whose parameters are unknown. The signals to be jointly decoded are thus to be extracted from a lager aggregate, plus noise, on the basis of partial parameter information. The setup provides a framework in which to study the impact of parameter information and detection group size on receiver performance. The proposed receiver architecture, amenable to adaptive as well as non-adaptive implementation, features a bank of linear equalizers at the input and a maximum-likelihood detector at the output; performance is described in terms of the mean-square error bit error rate and asymptotic efficiency. The computational complexity per bit, given the size of the detection group, is independent of the number of interferers.
{"title":"Multiuser detection with partial information for asynchronous CDMA-based radio networks","authors":"Liqing Zhang, M. Kaplan","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883289","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and evaluate a form of multiuser detector for base station reception in CDMA wireless. The setting we have in mind is one in which the interference at any base station has components whose parameters-power delay, signature sequence-are known to the receiver as well as components, representing out-of-cell transmissions, for example, whose parameters are unknown. The signals to be jointly decoded are thus to be extracted from a lager aggregate, plus noise, on the basis of partial parameter information. The setup provides a framework in which to study the impact of parameter information and detection group size on receiver performance. The proposed receiver architecture, amenable to adaptive as well as non-adaptive implementation, features a bank of linear equalizers at the input and a maximum-likelihood detector at the output; performance is described in terms of the mean-square error bit error rate and asymptotic efficiency. The computational complexity per bit, given the size of the detection group, is independent of the number of interferers.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130665969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883257
I. Psaromiligkos, S. Batalama
The presence of the desired signal during the estimation of the minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) or a auxiliary-vector (AV) filter under limited data records leads to significant signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance degradation. We quantify this observation in the context of DS/CDMA communications by deriving two new close approximations for the probability density functions (under both desired-signal-"present" and desired-signal-"absent" conditions) of the output SINR and bit-error-rate (BER) of the sample-matrix-inversion (SMI) MVDR receiver. To avoid such performance degradation we propose a DS/CDMA receiver that utilizes a simple pilot-assisted algorithm that estimates and then subtracts the desired signal component from the received signal prior to filter estimation. Then, to accommodate decision directed operation we develop two recursive algorithms for the on-line estimation of the MVDR and AV filter and we study their convergence properties. Finally, simulation studies illustrate the BER performance of the overall receiver structures.
{"title":"Interference-plus-noise covariance matrix estimation for adaptive space-time processing of DS/CDMA signals","authors":"I. Psaromiligkos, S. Batalama","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883257","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of the desired signal during the estimation of the minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) or a auxiliary-vector (AV) filter under limited data records leads to significant signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance degradation. We quantify this observation in the context of DS/CDMA communications by deriving two new close approximations for the probability density functions (under both desired-signal-\"present\" and desired-signal-\"absent\" conditions) of the output SINR and bit-error-rate (BER) of the sample-matrix-inversion (SMI) MVDR receiver. To avoid such performance degradation we propose a DS/CDMA receiver that utilizes a simple pilot-assisted algorithm that estimates and then subtracts the desired signal component from the received signal prior to filter estimation. Then, to accommodate decision directed operation we develop two recursive algorithms for the on-line estimation of the MVDR and AV filter and we study their convergence properties. Finally, simulation studies illustrate the BER performance of the overall receiver structures.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123363043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886833
N. Kong
The paper proposes to enhance CDMA MPIC by using spatial diversity to increase the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), resulting in a lower BER on every cancellation stage, through utilization of multiple antennas. The paper derives, for the proposed space-time MPIC (SPDMPIC), the recursive equations for both SIR and BER of each cancellation stage and their closed-form expressions as a function of space-time diversity order, the number of needed iterations, and initial SIR condition. It is found that there is an M ( of antennas) times reduction in the available time diversity order for MPIC in achieving the same BER and SIR with STDMPIC of M antennas, as expected, since basically the M antennas provide M times as many uncorrelated multi-paths. The paper also presents simulation results, which agree with the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Space-time diversity multistage parallel interference cancellation (MPIC) for CDMA","authors":"N. Kong","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886833","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes to enhance CDMA MPIC by using spatial diversity to increase the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), resulting in a lower BER on every cancellation stage, through utilization of multiple antennas. The paper derives, for the proposed space-time MPIC (SPDMPIC), the recursive equations for both SIR and BER of each cancellation stage and their closed-form expressions as a function of space-time diversity order, the number of needed iterations, and initial SIR condition. It is found that there is an M ( of antennas) times reduction in the available time diversity order for MPIC in achieving the same BER and SIR with STDMPIC of M antennas, as expected, since basically the M antennas provide M times as many uncorrelated multi-paths. The paper also presents simulation results, which agree with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"53 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114105127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886643
T. Chulajata, H. M. Kwon, K.Y. Min
This paper describes an inexpensive as well as efficient adaptive antenna array processor for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communications system, e.g., 3/sup rd/ generation (3G) CDMA2000 or W-CDMA system. Separate channel estimation is not required in this paper while it has been used for a CDMA system with a conventional adaptive antenna array. In addition, the phase distortions due to the different radio frequency (RF) mixers can be compensated automatically in this paper. Thus, separate phase calibration is not necessary for an adaptive antenna array processor if the reverse link demodulation is concerned. Furthermore, bit error rate (BER) performance of a CDMA system with the adaptive algorithm in this paper can be smaller than that with a conventional algorithm under fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environments.
{"title":"Adaptive antenna array with no phase calibration for CDMA reverse link","authors":"T. Chulajata, H. M. Kwon, K.Y. Min","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886643","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an inexpensive as well as efficient adaptive antenna array processor for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communications system, e.g., 3/sup rd/ generation (3G) CDMA2000 or W-CDMA system. Separate channel estimation is not required in this paper while it has been used for a CDMA system with a conventional adaptive antenna array. In addition, the phase distortions due to the different radio frequency (RF) mixers can be compensated automatically in this paper. Thus, separate phase calibration is not necessary for an adaptive antenna array processor if the reverse link demodulation is concerned. Furthermore, bit error rate (BER) performance of a CDMA system with the adaptive algorithm in this paper can be smaller than that with a conventional algorithm under fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environments.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114624339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.887071
T. Kokubo, S. Yamasaki, M. Nakagawa
In this paper, a system with "multi-base-station in a cell" using single frequency network (SFN) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) is proposed as a basic concept of the 4th generation mobile system (4G). The proposed system image consists of several cells in a larger cell and it works as follows: first, a sub-base station (S-BS) is set to transmit partially at the place where the received signal power is below the desired one, because of increase of path loss while operating at high frequency, and under shadowing; secondly, base stations (BSs) and S-BSs transmit the same information at the same time by SFN-OFDM, so paths having in good condition may exist. However, at a receiver the timing offset in arrival between paths of BSs and S-BSs leads to inter-symbol interference (ISI) which is the largest considerable problem. So a "transmission delay control" scheme using position information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) is also proposed. We discuss the usefulness of the proposed system against path loss increase and shadowing, and furthermore confirm that the proposed scheme is effective in operation at high speed rate.
{"title":"Transmission delay control for single frequency OFDM multi-base-station in a cell using position information","authors":"T. Kokubo, S. Yamasaki, M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.887071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.887071","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a system with \"multi-base-station in a cell\" using single frequency network (SFN) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) is proposed as a basic concept of the 4th generation mobile system (4G). The proposed system image consists of several cells in a larger cell and it works as follows: first, a sub-base station (S-BS) is set to transmit partially at the place where the received signal power is below the desired one, because of increase of path loss while operating at high frequency, and under shadowing; secondly, base stations (BSs) and S-BSs transmit the same information at the same time by SFN-OFDM, so paths having in good condition may exist. However, at a receiver the timing offset in arrival between paths of BSs and S-BSs leads to inter-symbol interference (ISI) which is the largest considerable problem. So a \"transmission delay control\" scheme using position information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) is also proposed. We discuss the usefulness of the proposed system against path loss increase and shadowing, and furthermore confirm that the proposed scheme is effective in operation at high speed rate.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121542390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883247
U. Vornefeld
This paper deals with packet scheduling in SDMA based wireless cellular networks. Depending on the terminal's positions and the capabilities of the antenna and signal processing system it is possible for more than one mobile terminal to receive or to transmit simultaneously. We discuss the two-dimensional scheduling problem and address the spatial as well as the temporal domain. Based on the framework of batch Markovian arrival processes we develop an analytical model for the air interface and present some results for uplink capacity request transmissions.
{"title":"Packet scheduling in SDMA based wireless networks","authors":"U. Vornefeld","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883247","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with packet scheduling in SDMA based wireless cellular networks. Depending on the terminal's positions and the capabilities of the antenna and signal processing system it is possible for more than one mobile terminal to receive or to transmit simultaneously. We discuss the two-dimensional scheduling problem and address the spatial as well as the temporal domain. Based on the framework of batch Markovian arrival processes we develop an analytical model for the air interface and present some results for uplink capacity request transmissions.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"59 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124319835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.887084
S.S. Wang, M. Green
Mobile station (MS) location is typically done using trilateration and triangulation techniques. Network aided GPS positioning exhibits good accuracy in a line-of-sight (LOS) propagation environment. In the high-rise urban environment however, where the majority of the rays propagating from the transmission sites to the receiving mobile are non-LOS, the location accuracy is degraded. This paper describes a mapping method used to improve GPS positioning for the non-LOS situation. We use a ray launch simulation tool that combines building height and location with GPS ephemeris information to map the GPS measured position to the actual (true) mobile position. These mappings are dynamically stored in a location database. The implications for emergency call location are tremendous since an erroneous GPS predicted location could still be retrospectively matched with a single record from the database to find the true caller's location. We present an example that shows how the mapping method can be used to predict the NLOS-induced GPS positioning errors.
{"title":"Mobile location method for non-line-of-sight situation","authors":"S.S. Wang, M. Green","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.887084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.887084","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile station (MS) location is typically done using trilateration and triangulation techniques. Network aided GPS positioning exhibits good accuracy in a line-of-sight (LOS) propagation environment. In the high-rise urban environment however, where the majority of the rays propagating from the transmission sites to the receiving mobile are non-LOS, the location accuracy is degraded. This paper describes a mapping method used to improve GPS positioning for the non-LOS situation. We use a ray launch simulation tool that combines building height and location with GPS ephemeris information to map the GPS measured position to the actual (true) mobile position. These mappings are dynamically stored in a location database. The implications for emergency call location are tremendous since an erroneous GPS predicted location could still be retrospectively matched with a single record from the database to find the true caller's location. We present an example that shows how the mapping method can be used to predict the NLOS-induced GPS positioning errors.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124071955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.887135
J. Ryu, Jun-Hee Seok, D. Cho
In view of performance measurement of a 2-tier mobile ad-hoc network, the connection time within which a slave node can hold its connection with a pre-connected master node and the reconnection number, that is the number of master nodes reconnected within the total communication time, are the significant factors in evaluating the network. A mathematical model considering terminal mobility that can be used to obtain these factors analytically is proposed. The results obtained from the proposed modeling is compared with simulation results. The proposed model is well matched with simulation results and the numerical examples demonstrate the mean reconnection number is a minimum if the speeds of master and slave are similar.
{"title":"A framework for mathematical modeling of 2-tier hierarchical mobile ad-hoc networks considering terminal mobility","authors":"J. Ryu, Jun-Hee Seok, D. Cho","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.887135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.887135","url":null,"abstract":"In view of performance measurement of a 2-tier mobile ad-hoc network, the connection time within which a slave node can hold its connection with a pre-connected master node and the reconnection number, that is the number of master nodes reconnected within the total communication time, are the significant factors in evaluating the network. A mathematical model considering terminal mobility that can be used to obtain these factors analytically is proposed. The results obtained from the proposed modeling is compared with simulation results. The proposed model is well matched with simulation results and the numerical examples demonstrate the mean reconnection number is a minimum if the speeds of master and slave are similar.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127665460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886696
A. Tonello
A space-time coding approach for wireless communications deploying multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas is presented. The approach is based on the concatenation of a convolutional encoder, a bit interleaver, and a space-time signal constellation mapper that combines multi-level/phase modulation with multiple transmit antennas. The decoding strategy follows an iterative (turbo-like) algorithm where soft information is exchanged between a soft-in soft-out demapper and a soft-in soft-out convolutional decoder. It is applicable with one or more receive antennas, and shows that spectral efficient/reliable communications are possible with few iterations. We address the performance analysis in both block and fast flat Rayleigh fading in order to provide insight into the space-time code construction criteria for the approach that we propose. Finally, simulation results are reported for schemes with 2 bits/s/Hz and 4 bits/s/Hz.
提出了一种采用多发射和多接收天线的无线通信空时编码方法。该方法基于卷积编码器、位交织器和时空信号星座映射器的串联，该映射器将多电平/相位调制与多个发射天线相结合。解码策略遵循迭代(涡轮式)算法，其中软信息在软入软出demapper和软入软出卷积解码器之间交换。它适用于一个或多个接收天线，并表明频谱高效/可靠的通信是可能的，只需很少的迭代。我们讨论了块衰落和快速平坦瑞利衰落的性能分析，以便深入了解我们提出的方法的空时编码构建标准。最后，给出了2 bit /s/Hz和4 bit /s/Hz方案的仿真结果。
{"title":"Space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation with an iterative decoding strategy","authors":"A. Tonello","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886696","url":null,"abstract":"A space-time coding approach for wireless communications deploying multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas is presented. The approach is based on the concatenation of a convolutional encoder, a bit interleaver, and a space-time signal constellation mapper that combines multi-level/phase modulation with multiple transmit antennas. The decoding strategy follows an iterative (turbo-like) algorithm where soft information is exchanged between a soft-in soft-out demapper and a soft-in soft-out convolutional decoder. It is applicable with one or more receive antennas, and shows that spectral efficient/reliable communications are possible with few iterations. We address the performance analysis in both block and fast flat Rayleigh fading in order to provide insight into the space-time code construction criteria for the approach that we propose. Finally, simulation results are reported for schemes with 2 bits/s/Hz and 4 bits/s/Hz.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125843276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.887119
H. Masui, M. Ishii, K. Sakawa, H. Shimizu, T. Kobayashi, M. Akaike
The propagation measurements were performed in an urban area at 8.45 GHz. We examined the characteristic of delay and angle spreads of main arrival waves at the base station receiving antenna. The delay spread tends to increase with the angle spread. Both angle and delay spreads in NLOS environments were larger than those in LOS environments. Delay spreads in NLOS environments are greater those at the points in LOS environments yielding the same angle spread.
{"title":"Microwave spatial-temporal channel characteristics measured at base station in an urban environment","authors":"H. Masui, M. Ishii, K. Sakawa, H. Shimizu, T. Kobayashi, M. Akaike","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.887119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.887119","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation measurements were performed in an urban area at 8.45 GHz. We examined the characteristic of delay and angle spreads of main arrival waves at the base station receiving antenna. The delay spread tends to increase with the angle spread. Both angle and delay spreads in NLOS environments were larger than those in LOS environments. Delay spreads in NLOS environments are greater those at the points in LOS environments yielding the same angle spread.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127985381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：