Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886113
S. Armour, Andrew R. Nix, David R. Bull
The use of a pre-FFT equaliser (PFE) has been previously proposed as a method for either improving the efficiency of OFDM radio modems or increasing the excess delay spread that they are capable of operating under. In this paper, application of the PFE to the Hiperlan/2 standard is considered. Key features of the physical layer specification of the Hiperlan/2 standard are summarised and those aspects that are particularly relevant when considering the use of the PFE are highlighted. A Hiperlan/2 compatible OFDM receiver incorporating the PFE, known as a combined OFDM-equalisation receiver, is then described. In order to evaluate the relative performance of the conventional OFDM and combined OFDM-equalisation receivers, a Hiperlan/2 compliant software simulation of the two receivers is undertaken. The results are used to compare the two systems in terms of bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) and also in terms of transmission efficiency. It is shown that the combined OFDM-equalisation receiver is capable of achieving near identical performance to the conventional OFDM receiver in terms of bit error rates, but is further capable of achieving a 9% efficiency improvement. This equates to a potential increase of up to 6 Mbits/s in the supported data rate. The application of the PFE to improve BER and PER performance under severe delay spread conditions is also discussed.
{"title":"A pre-FFT equalizer design for application to Hiperlan/2","authors":"S. Armour, Andrew R. Nix, David R. Bull","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886113","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a pre-FFT equaliser (PFE) has been previously proposed as a method for either improving the efficiency of OFDM radio modems or increasing the excess delay spread that they are capable of operating under. In this paper, application of the PFE to the Hiperlan/2 standard is considered. Key features of the physical layer specification of the Hiperlan/2 standard are summarised and those aspects that are particularly relevant when considering the use of the PFE are highlighted. A Hiperlan/2 compatible OFDM receiver incorporating the PFE, known as a combined OFDM-equalisation receiver, is then described. In order to evaluate the relative performance of the conventional OFDM and combined OFDM-equalisation receivers, a Hiperlan/2 compliant software simulation of the two receivers is undertaken. The results are used to compare the two systems in terms of bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) and also in terms of transmission efficiency. It is shown that the combined OFDM-equalisation receiver is capable of achieving near identical performance to the conventional OFDM receiver in terms of bit error rates, but is further capable of achieving a 9% efficiency improvement. This equates to a potential increase of up to 6 Mbits/s in the supported data rate. The application of the PFE to improve BER and PER performance under severe delay spread conditions is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116678781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886268
S. Elnoubi, A. Elshamly
A direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) multi-carrier system with minimum-shift-keying (MSK) modulation is proposed. Transmitted data bits are serial to parallel converted into M parallel streams. The bits on each stream are transmitted on S carriers with successively non-overlapping spectra using MSK modulation. Then the modulated streams are spread by a pseudo random (PN) code with a suitable chip rate. The resulting signal will have overlapping spectra. It is shown that the condition of single path fading for each carrier can be achieved by increasing the number of carriers and the separation between successive carriers. Also frequency diversity is achievable for the same bit transmitted on different carriers. The system is analyzed with one-bit differential detector in a static Rayleigh-fading multi-path channel. A simple formula for the probability of error is derived. MSK with one-bit differential detector has the advantage of simpler implementation than BPSK with CMF since the exact frequency and phase of the carrier are not required in the differential detector.
{"title":"Performance of multi-carrier CDMA with MSK modulation and one-bit differential detection in a multi-path fading channel","authors":"S. Elnoubi, A. Elshamly","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886268","url":null,"abstract":"A direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) multi-carrier system with minimum-shift-keying (MSK) modulation is proposed. Transmitted data bits are serial to parallel converted into M parallel streams. The bits on each stream are transmitted on S carriers with successively non-overlapping spectra using MSK modulation. Then the modulated streams are spread by a pseudo random (PN) code with a suitable chip rate. The resulting signal will have overlapping spectra. It is shown that the condition of single path fading for each carrier can be achieved by increasing the number of carriers and the separation between successive carriers. Also frequency diversity is achievable for the same bit transmitted on different carriers. The system is analyzed with one-bit differential detector in a static Rayleigh-fading multi-path channel. A simple formula for the probability of error is derived. MSK with one-bit differential detector has the advantage of simpler implementation than BPSK with CMF since the exact frequency and phase of the carrier are not required in the differential detector.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120837665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886112
P. Eggers, I. Z. Kovács, K. Olesen, G. Kuijpers
Three element transmit (Tx) (at base station BS) by four element receive (Rx) (at portable unit PU) antenna systems have been investigated at 2 GHz. Simultaneous sounding of all 3Tx by 4Rx=12 parallel links has been performed using a Doppler offset technique. This allows for investigations of simultaneous Tx-Rx diversity effectiveness as well as support for disclosing the degree of parallelism (independent channels). The measurement main-lobe bandwidth is 8 MHz. This allowed a maximum range of approx. 2.5 km with 0.4 W Tx-power and 23 dBi total antenna gain. This paper focuses on the fundamental power balance between links, which is a basic limiting factor for both diversity action and parallelism.
在2ghz频段研究了三元发射(Tx)(基站BS)和四元接收(Rx)(便携式单元PU)天线系统。使用多普勒偏移技术，通过4Rx=12个并行链路同时探测所有3Tx。这允许同时Tx-Rx多样性有效性的调查，以及支持披露并行度(独立通道)。测量主瓣带宽为8mhz。这允许的最大范围约。2.5 km, 0.4 W tx功率和23dbi总天线增益。本文关注的是链路之间的基本权力平衡，这是限制多样性作用和并行性的基本因素。
{"title":"Measurements of wideband multi-element transmit-receive diversity channels in the UMTS-band","authors":"P. Eggers, I. Z. Kovács, K. Olesen, G. Kuijpers","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886112","url":null,"abstract":"Three element transmit (Tx) (at base station BS) by four element receive (Rx) (at portable unit PU) antenna systems have been investigated at 2 GHz. Simultaneous sounding of all 3Tx by 4Rx=12 parallel links has been performed using a Doppler offset technique. This allows for investigations of simultaneous Tx-Rx diversity effectiveness as well as support for disclosing the degree of parallelism (independent channels). The measurement main-lobe bandwidth is 8 MHz. This allowed a maximum range of approx. 2.5 km with 0.4 W Tx-power and 23 dBi total antenna gain. This paper focuses on the fundamental power balance between links, which is a basic limiting factor for both diversity action and parallelism.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121340916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883241
Yinglin Yang, M. Parten, J. Berg, T. Maxwell
This paper describes the development of an overall simulation model for a hybrid electric vehicle using Matlab/Simulink. The principles, analysis and mathematical modeling of the vehicle and its components are discussed. Simulation results are presented.
{"title":"Modeling and control of a hybrid electric vehicle","authors":"Yinglin Yang, M. Parten, J. Berg, T. Maxwell","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883241","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of an overall simulation model for a hybrid electric vehicle using Matlab/Simulink. The principles, analysis and mathematical modeling of the vehicle and its components are discussed. Simulation results are presented.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121364989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.887073
S. Mérigeault, M. Batariere, J. Patillon
The position estimation of a cellular mobile subscriber is a requirement driven by emergency calls, and also by the emergence of new location based services. In order to reach a better accuracy than the one provided by each base station separately, one approach is to fuse the measurements of several base stations like the direction of arrival, the time of arrival,... This paper presents the application of an artificial neural network to fuse radiolocation measurements and confidence of measurements. Based on radiolocation data provided by a CDMA simulator an accuracy of 65 m in 67% of cases has been reached. In order to avoid the use of a neural network fuser specifically dedicated to a cell, it is necessary to generalize the training process. It allows to localize the mobile station in any circumstances. This process allows to have a low cost fuser compatible with FCC requirements.
{"title":"Data fusion based on neural network for the mobile subscriber location","authors":"S. Mérigeault, M. Batariere, J. Patillon","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.887073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.887073","url":null,"abstract":"The position estimation of a cellular mobile subscriber is a requirement driven by emergency calls, and also by the emergence of new location based services. In order to reach a better accuracy than the one provided by each base station separately, one approach is to fuse the measurements of several base stations like the direction of arrival, the time of arrival,... This paper presents the application of an artificial neural network to fuse radiolocation measurements and confidence of measurements. Based on radiolocation data provided by a CDMA simulator an accuracy of 65 m in 67% of cases has been reached. In order to avoid the use of a neural network fuser specifically dedicated to a cell, it is necessary to generalize the training process. It allows to localize the mobile station in any circumstances. This process allows to have a low cost fuser compatible with FCC requirements.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127131902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886259
C. Toh, Guillermo Guichal, Santithorn Bunchua
Multicast has emerged as a very desirable feature in communication networks. With multicast, data can be distributed to multiple recipients in an efficient and economical manner. We present a performance evaluation of a novel multicast routing strategy for a mobile ad hoc network environment, which is characterized by a highly-dynamic topology with constrained bandwidth and limited power. The associativity-based ad hoc multicast (ABAM) protocol establishes multicast session on demand and utilizes an association stability concept, which is introduced in the ABR protocol for mobile ad hoc unicast routing. The performance of ABAM is simulated and compared with a flooding-based multicast routing protocol. The results show impressive throughput and very low communication overhead.
{"title":"ABAM: on-demand associativity-based multicast routing for ad hoc mobile networks","authors":"C. Toh, Guillermo Guichal, Santithorn Bunchua","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886259","url":null,"abstract":"Multicast has emerged as a very desirable feature in communication networks. With multicast, data can be distributed to multiple recipients in an efficient and economical manner. We present a performance evaluation of a novel multicast routing strategy for a mobile ad hoc network environment, which is characterized by a highly-dynamic topology with constrained bandwidth and limited power. The associativity-based ad hoc multicast (ABAM) protocol establishes multicast session on demand and utilizes an association stability concept, which is introduced in the ABR protocol for mobile ad hoc unicast routing. The performance of ABAM is simulated and compared with a flooding-based multicast routing protocol. The results show impressive throughput and very low communication overhead.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124823657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886789
M. Ferracioli, V. Tralli, R. Verdone
We propose a scheduling strategy at the MAC level for the TDD/TCDMA UMTS third generation air interface. More precisely, we consider the uplink of a single-cell pedestrian outdoor scenario. Within this context we investigate the advantage of scheduling the different services that can be offered to the system, characterized by different quality and delay requirements, taking both the service priority and the channel state into account. The characteristics of the TDD/TCDMA transmission system, the power control algorithm and a frequency selective fading channel are considered in our approach, which is semi-analytical and allows the evaluation of the statistics of the frame error rate and the average transmitted power per data unit, which is a measure of efficiency from the energy management point of view. The performance of the scheduling algorithm we propose is compared to a more traditional scheduling approach which takes only the priority of services into account.
{"title":"Channel based adaptive resource allocation at the MAC layer in UMTS TD-CDMA systems","authors":"M. Ferracioli, V. Tralli, R. Verdone","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886789","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a scheduling strategy at the MAC level for the TDD/TCDMA UMTS third generation air interface. More precisely, we consider the uplink of a single-cell pedestrian outdoor scenario. Within this context we investigate the advantage of scheduling the different services that can be offered to the system, characterized by different quality and delay requirements, taking both the service priority and the channel state into account. The characteristics of the TDD/TCDMA transmission system, the power control algorithm and a frequency selective fading channel are considered in our approach, which is semi-analytical and allows the evaluation of the statistics of the frame error rate and the average transmitted power per data unit, which is a measure of efficiency from the energy management point of view. The performance of the scheduling algorithm we propose is compared to a more traditional scheduling approach which takes only the priority of services into account.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125966204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883265
D. Hocevar, A. Gatherer
A Viterbi decoder hardware implementation suitable for wireless cellular applications is presented. This decoder is extremely flexible, both in the codes it handles, and in its system interface. Capabilities include multiple constraint lengths, multiple code rates, arbitrary frame size, puncturing and code polynomials. This paper discusses aspects of the implementation for which achieving this flexibility proved to be difficult. With a data throughput rate of 2.5 Mbps it is an ideal solution for 3rd generation base station architectures operating in conjunction with a DSP.
{"title":"Achieving flexibility in a Viterbi decoder DSP coprocessor","authors":"D. Hocevar, A. Gatherer","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883265","url":null,"abstract":"A Viterbi decoder hardware implementation suitable for wireless cellular applications is presented. This decoder is extremely flexible, both in the codes it handles, and in its system interface. Capabilities include multiple constraint lengths, multiple code rates, arbitrary frame size, puncturing and code polynomials. This paper discusses aspects of the implementation for which achieving this flexibility proved to be difficult. With a data throughput rate of 2.5 Mbps it is an ideal solution for 3rd generation base station architectures operating in conjunction with a DSP.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123331066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886329
F. Velez, L. Correia
The available data about mobile broadband services/applications is put together, and their characterisation parameters are identified, enabling some insight into new approaches for multi-service traffic analysis in MBS. On one hand, a classification of services and applications is proposed based on the 1.211 ITU-T Recommendation. It distinguishes between interactive and distribution services, and also identifies the types of information supporting each one. On the other hand, a taxonomy is proposed for applications' characterisation parameters, which are divided into five different types: main ones, traffic and communications parameters, service components and operation environments as well. Examples are given for the range of variation of each type of parameters.
{"title":"Classification and characterisation of mobile broadband services","authors":"F. Velez, L. Correia","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886329","url":null,"abstract":"The available data about mobile broadband services/applications is put together, and their characterisation parameters are identified, enabling some insight into new approaches for multi-service traffic analysis in MBS. On one hand, a classification of services and applications is proposed based on the 1.211 ITU-T Recommendation. It distinguishes between interactive and distribution services, and also identifies the types of information supporting each one. On the other hand, a taxonomy is proposed for applications' characterisation parameters, which are divided into five different types: main ones, traffic and communications parameters, service components and operation environments as well. Examples are given for the range of variation of each type of parameters.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886680
A.O. Nielsen, S. Korpela
In this paper the performance of the WCDMA initial cell search for multiple carrier frequencies is analyzed. The performance is quantified by the probability of acquisition and the mean and variance of the search time. Analytical expressions derived by signal flow graph techniques are combined with simulation results in order to determine the initial cell search performance numerically. A three-step cell search algorithm is used in WCDMA to acquire the scrambling code and phase. An implementation example based on parallel search technique and maximum-likelihood detection is presented. For this example, the mean search time is below 3 sec. when the mobile station has to search through a list of 12 frequencies where only one is a WCDMA carrier for an E/sub c//N/sub 0/ of -21 dB and in case of AWGN and one-path Rayleigh fading channels.
{"title":"WCDMA initial cell search","authors":"A.O. Nielsen, S. Korpela","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886680","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the performance of the WCDMA initial cell search for multiple carrier frequencies is analyzed. The performance is quantified by the probability of acquisition and the mean and variance of the search time. Analytical expressions derived by signal flow graph techniques are combined with simulation results in order to determine the initial cell search performance numerically. A three-step cell search algorithm is used in WCDMA to acquire the scrambling code and phase. An implementation example based on parallel search technique and maximum-likelihood detection is presented. For this example, the mean search time is below 3 sec. when the mobile station has to search through a list of 12 frequencies where only one is a WCDMA carrier for an E/sub c//N/sub 0/ of -21 dB and in case of AWGN and one-path Rayleigh fading channels.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115174227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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