In view of the exponential rise of global obesity in the past three quarters of the century, it is useful to examine what is driving this change and what approaches can curb it. The chief drivers of weight gain are, on one hand our misunderstanding of the mechanisms controlling energy balance, and, on the other, reliance on current, potentially misleading conflicting scientific opinions and government policies regarding the controls of human appetite. This review outlines the evidence that: (1) there is no direct bioenergetic feedback from energy metabolism or energy stores to the brain mechanisms guiding feeding and energy expenditure, (2) human appetite is controlled by signals originating from an empty or full stomach, food palatability and opportunities to eat as well by the rate of food absorption, that (3) humans bear a genetic burden of having high ability and capacity to store fat and mechanisms that curb body- mass and fat loss, (4) humans are motivated to overconsume while maintaining low energy expenditure, and (5) commercial interests of food businesses marketing highly palatable foods, and wide-spread mechanization of living tasks and urban design reduce the need for physical work and movement. The non-pharmacological and non-surgical solutions to obesity involve an understanding of human genetic impediments and environmental obstacles to maintaining healthy weight, coupled with deliberate corrective or preventive behaviors, such as understanding and using gastrointestinal tract signals that provide sufficient, albeit subtle, cues for sensible food intake, and using daily weight monitoring and activity tracking devices to record and motivate healthy levels of physical activity.
{"title":"Are gastrointestinal signals the principal guides to human appetite and energy balance?","authors":"Katarina T Borer","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i1.3548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i1.3548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In view of the exponential rise of global obesity in the past three quarters of the century, it is useful to examine what is driving this change and what approaches can curb it. The chief drivers of weight gain are, on one hand our misunderstanding of the mechanisms controlling energy balance, and, on the other, reliance on current, potentially misleading conflicting scientific opinions and government policies regarding the controls of human appetite. This review outlines the evidence that: (1) there is no direct bioenergetic feedback from energy metabolism or energy stores to the brain mechanisms guiding feeding and energy expenditure, (2) human appetite is controlled by signals originating from an empty or full stomach, food palatability and opportunities to eat as well by the rate of food absorption, that (3) humans bear a genetic burden of having high ability and capacity to store fat and mechanisms that curb body- mass and fat loss, (4) humans are motivated to overconsume while maintaining low energy expenditure, and (5) commercial interests of food businesses marketing highly palatable foods, and wide-spread mechanization of living tasks and urban design reduce the need for physical work and movement. The non-pharmacological and non-surgical solutions to obesity involve an understanding of human genetic impediments and environmental obstacles to maintaining healthy weight, coupled with deliberate corrective or preventive behaviors, such as understanding and using gastrointestinal tract signals that provide sufficient, albeit subtle, cues for sensible food intake, and using daily weight monitoring and activity tracking devices to record and motivate healthy levels of physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10211478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9537624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.3995
Mohamad Moussa, Miriam Grasso
The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents and young adults has escalated tremendously in recent years, with increasing evidence of adverse events related to these beverages resulting in emergency department visits and, at times, catastrophic patient outcomes. While the evidence of harm has grown, little has been done to regulate the advertisement and sales of energy drinks to young people. The regulation of other substances of abuse, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve to similarly protect this young population. These policies should be used as a guide to begin to combat the problem of energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults.
{"title":"Energy Drink Consumption in Adolescents is Harmful and Everyone Needs to Know Why","authors":"Mohamad Moussa, Miriam Grasso","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.3995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.3995","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents and young adults has escalated tremendously in recent years, with increasing evidence of adverse events related to these beverages resulting in emergency department visits and, at times, catastrophic patient outcomes. While the evidence of harm has grown, little has been done to regulate the advertisement and sales of energy drinks to young people. The regulation of other substances of abuse, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve to similarly protect this young population. These policies should be used as a guide to begin to combat the problem of energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the diseases of oral cavity, dental caries is the most common microbial diseases affecting the individual’s teeth globally along with the periodontal disease. There could be various reasons for the delay of the treatment for dental caries which includes socioeconomic status, lack of awareness about dental diseases and dental treatments. Life style habits also play a prominent role. Delay of dental caries treatment would lead to pulpitis. Here we present a case report of a 62-year-old male patient with chronic irreversible pulpitis in relation to 36. Patient had a history of smoking and chewing paan. After a month patient died due to septic shock. We also present a few case reports of pulpitis progressing to space infections. It has been documented in the literature that, individuals with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease etc are having highest morbidity and mortality due to dental sepsis. Along with case reports in this article, we are going to make a sincere effort to provide complications of pulpitis. Thus, it would help in educating general public, budding dentists and clinicians in spreading the awareness about pulpitis and its sequeale.
{"title":"A Case Report of Pulpitis Leading to Septic Shock, along with a Series of Cases","authors":"Akhila CNV, Ram Tirandas, C. Kirthi","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4397","url":null,"abstract":"Among the diseases of oral cavity, dental caries is the most common microbial diseases affecting the individual’s teeth globally along with the periodontal disease. There could be various reasons for the delay of the treatment for dental caries which includes socioeconomic status, lack of awareness about dental diseases and dental treatments. Life style habits also play a prominent role. Delay of dental caries treatment would lead to pulpitis. Here we present a case report of a 62-year-old male patient with chronic irreversible pulpitis in relation to 36. Patient had a history of smoking and chewing paan. After a month patient died due to septic shock. We also present a few case reports of pulpitis progressing to space infections. It has been documented in the literature that, individuals with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease etc are having highest morbidity and mortality due to dental sepsis. Along with case reports in this article, we are going to make a sincere effort to provide complications of pulpitis. Thus, it would help in educating general public, budding dentists and clinicians in spreading the awareness about pulpitis and its sequeale.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135912981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Internationally, colleagues from minoritized groups and backgrounds are typically underrepresented within scientific journals. The benefits and importance of advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion, to further enhance science, scholarship, and practice are increasingly evident. Historical systems, structures, beliefs, policies, processes, and practices often advantage some and disadvantage others (e.g., racial, ethnic, gender minorities), thus, it is important to be reflective and proactive in advancing diversity, equity, inclusion (DEI) in scientific journals. Aims: It is imperative that leaders of scientific journals engage in intentional, purposeful, and sustained actions to advocate for and advance DEI, scholarship, science, and practice. There are numerous strategies that may be implemented by journal leadership to contribute to advancing DEI. Methods: Herein, a succinct summary of several recommendations is provided, followed by a case study illustrating the implementation of actionable strategies and current outcomes associated with the School Psychology Review journal. Strategies discussed include: (a) establishing individual and collective commitments to advocating for and advancing DEI as the foundation of our scholarship; (b) diversifying the journal leadership; (c) diversifying the editorial advisory board; (d) preparing future diverse journal leadership through mentored editorial fellowship programs, especially focused on early research career individuals; (e) mentoring future colleagues by establishing a student editorial board with members from diverse backgrounds; (f) focusing on special topics relevant to diverse and minoritized children, youth, families, and school communities; (g) making available professional-development opportunities and resources; and (h) establishing a journal action plan focused on advancing DEI. Results: The outcomes delineated in the present case study illustrate that the journal engages and benefits from the contributions of many distinguished colleagues from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds. Moreover, the journal contents that have followed from these efforts further advance science, scholarship, and practice that supports disadvantaged children, youth, and families, including those from minoritized groups. Conclusions: Colleagues, organizations, and entities involved with scientific journals around the world are encouraged to advance and sustain DEI efforts in science, scholarship, and practice.
{"title":"Strategies for Scientific Journals to Advance Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Scholarship, Science, and Practice","authors":"Shane Jimerson","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Internationally, colleagues from minoritized groups and backgrounds are typically underrepresented within scientific journals. The benefits and importance of advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion, to further enhance science, scholarship, and practice are increasingly evident. Historical systems, structures, beliefs, policies, processes, and practices often advantage some and disadvantage others (e.g., racial, ethnic, gender minorities), thus, it is important to be reflective and proactive in advancing diversity, equity, inclusion (DEI) in scientific journals. Aims: It is imperative that leaders of scientific journals engage in intentional, purposeful, and sustained actions to advocate for and advance DEI, scholarship, science, and practice. There are numerous strategies that may be implemented by journal leadership to contribute to advancing DEI. Methods: Herein, a succinct summary of several recommendations is provided, followed by a case study illustrating the implementation of actionable strategies and current outcomes associated with the School Psychology Review journal. Strategies discussed include: (a) establishing individual and collective commitments to advocating for and advancing DEI as the foundation of our scholarship; (b) diversifying the journal leadership; (c) diversifying the editorial advisory board; (d) preparing future diverse journal leadership through mentored editorial fellowship programs, especially focused on early research career individuals; (e) mentoring future colleagues by establishing a student editorial board with members from diverse backgrounds; (f) focusing on special topics relevant to diverse and minoritized children, youth, families, and school communities; (g) making available professional-development opportunities and resources; and (h) establishing a journal action plan focused on advancing DEI. Results: The outcomes delineated in the present case study illustrate that the journal engages and benefits from the contributions of many distinguished colleagues from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds. Moreover, the journal contents that have followed from these efforts further advance science, scholarship, and practice that supports disadvantaged children, youth, and families, including those from minoritized groups. Conclusions: Colleagues, organizations, and entities involved with scientific journals around the world are encouraged to advance and sustain DEI efforts in science, scholarship, and practice.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The veterinary literature contains few publications or empiric research on the impact of grateful client philanthropy. To improve our understanding of the impact of philanthropy on veterinary medicine, we surveyed the faculty at NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine. This qualitative study involved an anonymous survey of 153 North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine faculty members administered and analyzed through an online survey software program, QualitrixXMTM. 33% (51) of faculty responded to the survey. 73% (37) of the respondents indicated that their personal interactions with clients led to gifts to their research or service and 29% (15) indicated that they have received six or more gifts from their interactions with clients of the hospital. The top three examples of direct beneficial impacts from grateful client giving were research support (13.1%), technological improvements and equipment upgrades (10.5%), and professional development (4.6%). The top three negative impacts of faculty interactions with a grateful client program were the perceived need to address the overwhelming needs of the donor (19%), the faculty’s concerns regarding the owner’s higher expectations of service (7.1%) and time (7.1%). 61.9% of the respondents did not note any negative impacts. Top three responses to donor inquiries regarding philanthropic giving were to direct the client to a development officer (76%), discuss gift opportunities with the client (45.1%), and discuss individual research needs and opportunities (19.1%). Overall, faculty reported positive impact with grateful patient philanthropy. Continued development and understanding of the philanthropic process is recommended to maximize donor support of academic medical efforts.
{"title":"Success in Grateful Client Philanthropy: Insights from Veterinary Faculty at North Carolina State University","authors":"Dianne Dunning, Mari-Wells Hedgpeth, David Dorman","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4301","url":null,"abstract":"The veterinary literature contains few publications or empiric research on the impact of grateful client philanthropy. To improve our understanding of the impact of philanthropy on veterinary medicine, we surveyed the faculty at NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine. This qualitative study involved an anonymous survey of 153 North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine faculty members administered and analyzed through an online survey software program, QualitrixXMTM. 33% (51) of faculty responded to the survey. 73% (37) of the respondents indicated that their personal interactions with clients led to gifts to their research or service and 29% (15) indicated that they have received six or more gifts from their interactions with clients of the hospital. The top three examples of direct beneficial impacts from grateful client giving were research support (13.1%), technological improvements and equipment upgrades (10.5%), and professional development (4.6%). The top three negative impacts of faculty interactions with a grateful client program were the perceived need to address the overwhelming needs of the donor (19%), the faculty’s concerns regarding the owner’s higher expectations of service (7.1%) and time (7.1%). 61.9% of the respondents did not note any negative impacts. Top three responses to donor inquiries regarding philanthropic giving were to direct the client to a development officer (76%), discuss gift opportunities with the client (45.1%), and discuss individual research needs and opportunities (19.1%). Overall, faculty reported positive impact with grateful patient philanthropy. Continued development and understanding of the philanthropic process is recommended to maximize donor support of academic medical efforts.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Vega, Ricardo López, Arnulfo Galicia, Rodrigo Covarrubias, Diego Aguilar, Ana Castor, Eunice Reyes, Brenda Tellez, Alondra Valle, Héctor Fuentes
Introduction: Intestinal parasites are infections that affect the digestive system, and can also affect other organs and tissues, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of cysts or eggs, present in contaminated food and beverages. In Mexico they are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric ages. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, their socioeconomic impact and their effect on growth and development in children from a population of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 589 children between 0-5 years of age, for 8 months, through medical examination, coproparasito-scopic studies and Méndez-Graffar questionnaire to their guardians. The EPI-INFOTM program, SPSS version 27.0 and EPIDAT 4.2 were used to perform the Chi2 and Student's t statistical tests, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of all the children studied, 81.49% had at least one parasitic agent, Blastocystis spp. (79%) the most prevalent. No significant difference was found between both sexes, but it was found in the age group, being the ages of 4-6 years the most parasitized in 100%. According to statistical tests, there is a direct relationship with parasitic load, development of nutritional alterations and socioeconomic conditions in which they grow. Conclusion: The community studied presented a high prevalence of these diseases associated with socioeconomic factors, which is why the implementation of prevention programs for these infections is insisted on.
肠道寄生虫是一种影响消化系统的传染病，也可以影响其他器官和组织，它们通过摄入被污染的食物和饮料中的囊肿或卵通过粪-口途径传播。在墨西哥，它们是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因之一。目的:了解瓦哈卡州特万特佩克地峡人群肠道寄生虫的患病率、社会经济影响及其对儿童生长发育的影响。材料和方法:对589名0-5岁儿童进行了为期8个月的观察性、描述性和横断面研究，通过医学检查、共寄生虫镜研究和对其监护人进行的msamudez - graffar问卷调查。采用EPI-INFOTM程序、SPSS version 27.0和EPIDAT 4.2进行Chi2和Student’st统计检验，置信区间为95%。结果:81.49%的儿童存在至少一种寄生虫，以囊虫属(Blastocystis spp, 79%)居多。两性间无显著差异，但在年龄组中均有发现，以4 ~ 6岁居多，寄生率为100%。根据统计检验，它们与寄生负荷、营养变化的发展和它们生长的社会经济条件有直接关系。结论:所研究的社区呈现出与社会经济因素相关的高患病率，这就是为什么坚持实施这些感染的预防方案。
{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Anthropometric Assessments in Preschool Children in a Region of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.","authors":"José Vega, Ricardo López, Arnulfo Galicia, Rodrigo Covarrubias, Diego Aguilar, Ana Castor, Eunice Reyes, Brenda Tellez, Alondra Valle, Héctor Fuentes","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i8.4354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i8.4354","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intestinal parasites are infections that affect the digestive system, and can also affect other organs and tissues, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of cysts or eggs, present in contaminated food and beverages. In Mexico they are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric ages. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, their socioeconomic impact and their effect on growth and development in children from a population of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 589 children between 0-5 years of age, for 8 months, through medical examination, coproparasito-scopic studies and Méndez-Graffar questionnaire to their guardians. The EPI-INFOTM program, SPSS version 27.0 and EPIDAT 4.2 were used to perform the Chi2 and Student's t statistical tests, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of all the children studied, 81.49% had at least one parasitic agent, Blastocystis spp. (79%) the most prevalent. No significant difference was found between both sexes, but it was found in the age group, being the ages of 4-6 years the most parasitized in 100%. According to statistical tests, there is a direct relationship with parasitic load, development of nutritional alterations and socioeconomic conditions in which they grow. Conclusion: The community studied presented a high prevalence of these diseases associated with socioeconomic factors, which is why the implementation of prevention programs for these infections is insisted on.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135356712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4472
Antonio Rispo, Anna Testa, Olga Nardone, Alessia Guarino, Nicola Imperatore, Giuseppe Fierro, Fabiana Castiglione, Giulio Calabrese
lapsing, inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract and leading to chronic damage. Endoscopy with biopsies is considered the gold standard for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis, whereas magnetic resonance for Crohn’s disease extension and complication assessment. However, colonoscopy is an invasive procedure, while magnetic resonance is relatively not easily accessible for patients; thus, the need for a reliable, accessible and non-invasive way to perform inflammatory bowel diseases diagnosis and monitoring in the tight control era, like intestinal ultrasound is. Compared to endoscopy and magnetic resonance, ultrasound has shown reliable diagnostic accuracy in assessing Crohn’s disease diagnosis and evaluation of localisation, extension and complications. On the other hand, intestinal ultrasound is emerging as a valid tool also for ulcerative colitis severity and extension assessment. Moreover, performing ultrasonography in a point-of-care setting can guide the clinician in driving the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway, thus accelerating clinical decisions. As a novelty, point-of-care intestinal ultrasound performed with pocket devices could represent a promising item for the future of physical examination in outpatient or inpatient examination. The need for reproducibility of intestinal ultrasound among sonographers has emerged as a key-point in inflammatory bowel disease research field: the development of new scores for the evaluation of disease severity together with an intensive dedicated trainship could potentially reduce the differences between clinicians reporting. Accordingly, our aim was to perform a narrative review about the application of intestinal ultrasound in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis diagnosis and monitoring. Furthermore, technical aspects of this imaging technique and its application in a point-of-care setting through traditional and handheld sonographers were explored.
{"title":"Intestinal Ultrasound and its Application as Point-of-Care Procedure for Diagnosing and Detecting Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Complications: A Narrative Review","authors":"Antonio Rispo, Anna Testa, Olga Nardone, Alessia Guarino, Nicola Imperatore, Giuseppe Fierro, Fabiana Castiglione, Giulio Calabrese","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4472","url":null,"abstract":"lapsing, inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract and leading to chronic damage. Endoscopy with biopsies is considered the gold standard for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis, whereas magnetic resonance for Crohn’s disease extension and complication assessment. However, colonoscopy is an invasive procedure, while magnetic resonance is relatively not easily accessible for patients; thus, the need for a reliable, accessible and non-invasive way to perform inflammatory bowel diseases diagnosis and monitoring in the tight control era, like intestinal ultrasound is. Compared to endoscopy and magnetic resonance, ultrasound has shown reliable diagnostic accuracy in assessing Crohn’s disease diagnosis and evaluation of localisation, extension and complications. On the other hand, intestinal ultrasound is emerging as a valid tool also for ulcerative colitis severity and extension assessment. Moreover, performing ultrasonography in a point-of-care setting can guide the clinician in driving the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway, thus accelerating clinical decisions. As a novelty, point-of-care intestinal ultrasound performed with pocket devices could represent a promising item for the future of physical examination in outpatient or inpatient examination. The need for reproducibility of intestinal ultrasound among sonographers has emerged as a key-point in inflammatory bowel disease research field: the development of new scores for the evaluation of disease severity together with an intensive dedicated trainship could potentially reduce the differences between clinicians reporting. Accordingly, our aim was to perform a narrative review about the application of intestinal ultrasound in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis diagnosis and monitoring. Furthermore, technical aspects of this imaging technique and its application in a point-of-care setting through traditional and handheld sonographers were explored.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4545
Robert Fetsch, Cheryl Grenwelge
Military veterans returning from war face challenges when re-entering civilian life. Our aim was to evaluate how effective an agricultural entrepreneurial training program (The Farm and Education Treatment Program) was to equip 90 returning military veterans to become self-employed in food and agriculture and secondarily to support health. While there are several agricultural entrepreneurial training programs available, there are few with the breadth, depth, and empirical outcomes of the present study. Our method used eight measures to assess pretest-posttest differences associated with becoming successfully employed in production agriculture. We assessed pretest-posttest changes before and after returning military veteran beginning farmers participated in our year-long, 188-200-hour Farm and Education Treatment Program. Our program trained two cohorts per year each with 15 participants over three years for a total of 90 participants. Especially during COVID-19 with virtual rather than in-person training, our drop-out rate was high. By the end of the three-year program, 40 military veteran beginning farmers completed the program and provided usable pretest-posttest data for a 44% response rate. Almost 88% (n =35/40) of participants were self-employed in agriculture either full-time (60%) or part-time (28%). When they began, two were full-time farmers/ranchers, one was in agricultural business, and one was a part-time farmer/rancher. Our participants’ greatest statistically significant improvements were on the Skills Assessment measure with Farming Skill Level, Crop Skill Level, and Livestock Skill Level subscales, on the Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy Marketing, Innovation, Financial Control, and Total subscales, and on the Independent Living and Working levels. These measures linked well with the overall program goal, intervention, and outcomes because the bulk of the program addressed these variables. There was no change in physical or psychological domains. We concluded that face-to-face, in-person teaching of the program was much preferred and more effective than virtual, remote teaching during COVID-19. Also eight measures with 671 items are far too many. Future researchers are encouraged to expand the training with practical, evidence-based behavioral health strategies that participants can use to improve their behavioral health and quality of life.
{"title":"Effects of an Agricultural Entrepreneurial Training Program with 40 Military Veteran Beginning Farmers","authors":"Robert Fetsch, Cheryl Grenwelge","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4545","url":null,"abstract":"Military veterans returning from war face challenges when re-entering civilian life. Our aim was to evaluate how effective an agricultural entrepreneurial training program (The Farm and Education Treatment Program) was to equip 90 returning military veterans to become self-employed in food and agriculture and secondarily to support health. While there are several agricultural entrepreneurial training programs available, there are few with the breadth, depth, and empirical outcomes of the present study. Our method used eight measures to assess pretest-posttest differences associated with becoming successfully employed in production agriculture. We assessed pretest-posttest changes before and after returning military veteran beginning farmers participated in our year-long, 188-200-hour Farm and Education Treatment Program. Our program trained two cohorts per year each with 15 participants over three years for a total of 90 participants. Especially during COVID-19 with virtual rather than in-person training, our drop-out rate was high. By the end of the three-year program, 40 military veteran beginning farmers completed the program and provided usable pretest-posttest data for a 44% response rate. Almost 88% (n =35/40) of participants were self-employed in agriculture either full-time (60%) or part-time (28%). When they began, two were full-time farmers/ranchers, one was in agricultural business, and one was a part-time farmer/rancher. Our participants’ greatest statistically significant improvements were on the Skills Assessment measure with Farming Skill Level, Crop Skill Level, and Livestock Skill Level subscales, on the Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy Marketing, Innovation, Financial Control, and Total subscales, and on the Independent Living and Working levels. These measures linked well with the overall program goal, intervention, and outcomes because the bulk of the program addressed these variables. There was no change in physical or psychological domains. We concluded that face-to-face, in-person teaching of the program was much preferred and more effective than virtual, remote teaching during COVID-19. Also eight measures with 671 items are far too many. Future researchers are encouraged to expand the training with practical, evidence-based behavioral health strategies that participants can use to improve their behavioral health and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4109
Marcello Rosano
Introduction: Parathyroid hormone, is one the controllers of calcium homeostasis, is synthesized and secreted by the parathyroid glands. They can become hyper functioning, generate excessive amounts of PTH, and determine the clinical-laboratory picture called hyperparathyroidism. When hyperparathyroidism is a consequence of a pre-existing metabolic imbalance, it is called secondary. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is thus an acquired disorder represented by parathyroid hypersecretion in response to calcium homeostasis disorders. Chronic kidney disease is a condition often associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by varying degrees of stimulation and suppression of PTH, being associated with hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Material and Method: The present study is a historic prospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy, keeping a parathyroid gland intact in its bed, by tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Result: 44 patients between 30 and 75 years of age were selected, with a median of 49.5 years for the group, divided equally between men and women. Conservative treatment time was 36.75 months and hemodialysis time was 67.33 months. Renal transplantation time was 42.64 months, with PTH value on the day of renal transplantation of 822.03 pg/mL. On the day of surgery, the PTH value was 170.9 pg/mL, reaching an average value of 77.2 after 5 years. The initial value of ionic calcium was 1.477 mmol/L and a final value of 1.299 mmol/L after 5 years. Conclusion: The evaluation of the present study allows us to conclude that subtotal parathyroidectomy, keeping a parathyroid gland intact in its bed, is a safe and effective technical option in the surgical treatment of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
{"title":"Subtotal Resection of Parathyroids Preserving an Intact Parathyroid in Patients with Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism","authors":"Marcello Rosano","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parathyroid hormone, is one the controllers of calcium homeostasis, is synthesized and secreted by the parathyroid glands. They can become hyper functioning, generate excessive amounts of PTH, and determine the clinical-laboratory picture called hyperparathyroidism. When hyperparathyroidism is a consequence of a pre-existing metabolic imbalance, it is called secondary. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is thus an acquired disorder represented by parathyroid hypersecretion in response to calcium homeostasis disorders. Chronic kidney disease is a condition often associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by varying degrees of stimulation and suppression of PTH, being associated with hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Material and Method: The present study is a historic prospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy, keeping a parathyroid gland intact in its bed, by tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Result: 44 patients between 30 and 75 years of age were selected, with a median of 49.5 years for the group, divided equally between men and women. Conservative treatment time was 36.75 months and hemodialysis time was 67.33 months. Renal transplantation time was 42.64 months, with PTH value on the day of renal transplantation of 822.03 pg/mL. On the day of surgery, the PTH value was 170.9 pg/mL, reaching an average value of 77.2 after 5 years. The initial value of ionic calcium was 1.477 mmol/L and a final value of 1.299 mmol/L after 5 years. Conclusion: The evaluation of the present study allows us to conclude that subtotal parathyroidectomy, keeping a parathyroid gland intact in its bed, is a safe and effective technical option in the surgical treatment of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135442761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4513
Marlies borg
Dedicated to Meerten ter Borg. During Vincent van Gogh’s two months in Auvers he painted 74 masterpieces and then he shot himself. In this article, I investigate the possible connection between his ecstatic creativity and his tragic end. For this, I turn to Aristotle, who investigated the connection between warm melancholy and eminent creativity. In modern terms, it is the increased neurotransmission during a hypomanic episode that allows the magnifying of existing talent. This ‘bipolar melancholy’ can foster creativity but also lead to abrupt suicide. Attempts to find, in his letters and paintings, omens foretelling this tragedy fall short. He was exuberantly celebrating nature in his paintings creative until the last canvas. Then came a sudden slowing down of neurotransmission. His suicide was an escape from the looming depression he had experienced in Arles before deep depression made such an action impossible. The tragic fate of Vincent’s brother Theo, who succumbed to the other extreme, mania, suggests a genetic basis for this ‘ bipolar melancholy’. It was for Dr Gachet, expert in Melancholy, that Vincent moved to Auvers. He offered a broad and compassionate medical therapy, not excluding medication. Gachet’s understanding of the link between melancholy and genius was known to the van Gogh brothers. At the funeral Dr Gachet praised Vincent’s great achievements.
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