Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4429
Neesha Ramchandani
The period of emerging adulthood, which has been defined as the time from 18-30 years old, is one of the most challenging developmental periods to navigate through because of all of the significant life changes that occur during this time. Add type 1 diabetes to the mix and the period of emerging adulthood becomes even more challenging. This paper is a secondary analysis of a qualitative descriptive study on challenges of diabetes self-management in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. It presents three vignettes of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes to help clinicians better understand how these individuals view diabetes management and related challenges during this especially critical developmental stage that is rife with transitions. The vignettes exemplify the multitudes of thoughts, feelings, and emotions experienced by emerging adults with type 1 diabetes when dealing with various aspects of their everyday lives. Important takeaway messages include that apparent diabetes mismanagement is usually not due to negligence, females have extreme fear of hypoglycemia, trying to exercise can be frustrating, mature considerations are made when deciding whether or not to drink alcohol, and diabetes technology can be very helpful but is not helpful for everybody. Additionally, regarding diabetes follow-up visits, the emerging adults in this study desired the personal touch of in-person visits. It is hoped that if clinicians are better able to understand what emerging adults with diabetes are going through during this period of time, in their own words, interventions and care plans can be devised to best meet their needs.
{"title":"Taking a Walk in Their Shoes: The Lived Experiences of Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"Neesha Ramchandani","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4429","url":null,"abstract":"The period of emerging adulthood, which has been defined as the time from 18-30 years old, is one of the most challenging developmental periods to navigate through because of all of the significant life changes that occur during this time. Add type 1 diabetes to the mix and the period of emerging adulthood becomes even more challenging. This paper is a secondary analysis of a qualitative descriptive study on challenges of diabetes self-management in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. It presents three vignettes of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes to help clinicians better understand how these individuals view diabetes management and related challenges during this especially critical developmental stage that is rife with transitions. The vignettes exemplify the multitudes of thoughts, feelings, and emotions experienced by emerging adults with type 1 diabetes when dealing with various aspects of their everyday lives. Important takeaway messages include that apparent diabetes mismanagement is usually not due to negligence, females have extreme fear of hypoglycemia, trying to exercise can be frustrating, mature considerations are made when deciding whether or not to drink alcohol, and diabetes technology can be very helpful but is not helpful for everybody. Additionally, regarding diabetes follow-up visits, the emerging adults in this study desired the personal touch of in-person visits. It is hoped that if clinicians are better able to understand what emerging adults with diabetes are going through during this period of time, in their own words, interventions and care plans can be devised to best meet their needs.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4450
Ebenezer Badoe
A family was followed up after the presentation of a rare complication of xeroderma pigmentosum (De sanctis - cacchionne) syndrome in a child. A total of four children in a family of 8 developed the disease. The background of the family was explored revealing consanguinity as a result of cultural practices among the Mossi tribe in Ghana. Rare diseases are more common when there is consanguinity and this is the first report of this rare syndrome in Ghana and the West African sub region. The child showed the characteristic features of microcephaly, severe learning difficulties, cutaneous hypersensitivity, peripheral neuropathy and reported deafness. The disease predisposed the child to early squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Advanced genetic testing showed complimentary group A in the sibling. Genetic counselling was offered. Management involved the dermatologists, opthalmologists and surgeons. This case report seeks to emphasise that consanguinity is linked to rare neurological diseases in Ghana and external collaborations in the field of advanced genetic testing can be mutually beneficial. The general recommended management options like sunblock, covering clothing UV film protection on windows are not possible in the tropics like Ghana. Rather support groups and genetic counselling are paramount.
{"title":"De Sanctis - Cacchione Syndrome in a Male Ghanaian Child: A Case Report","authors":"Ebenezer Badoe","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4450","url":null,"abstract":"A family was followed up after the presentation of a rare complication of xeroderma pigmentosum (De sanctis - cacchionne) syndrome in a child. A total of four children in a family of 8 developed the disease. The background of the family was explored revealing consanguinity as a result of cultural practices among the Mossi tribe in Ghana. Rare diseases are more common when there is consanguinity and this is the first report of this rare syndrome in Ghana and the West African sub region. The child showed the characteristic features of microcephaly, severe learning difficulties, cutaneous hypersensitivity, peripheral neuropathy and reported deafness. The disease predisposed the child to early squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Advanced genetic testing showed complimentary group A in the sibling. Genetic counselling was offered. Management involved the dermatologists, opthalmologists and surgeons. This case report seeks to emphasise that consanguinity is linked to rare neurological diseases in Ghana and external collaborations in the field of advanced genetic testing can be mutually beneficial. The general recommended management options like sunblock, covering clothing UV film protection on windows are not possible in the tropics like Ghana. Rather support groups and genetic counselling are paramount.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4487
Amir Pelleg, Peter Barnes, Edward Schulman
Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is found in every cell of the body where it plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and energetics. ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions; extracellular ATP acts as an autocrine and paracrine agent. Its effects on targeted cells are mediated by subtypes of purinergic receptors (P2R). In the lungs, relatively large amounts of ATP are released under inflammatory conditions. Extracellular ATP triggers a central vagal reflex by activating purinergic receptor P2XR localized on pulmonary vagal sensory nerve terminals. This results in cough, bronchoconstriction and the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides via axon reflex. COPD patients manifest higher sensetivity to aerosolized ATP than healthy subjects, and the levels of ATP in COPD patients’ lungs are 3x that found in healthy subjects. This review succinctly details (i) the sources amd mechanisms of ATP’s release into the extracellular space, (ii) the ways extracellular ATP is eliminated, (iii) the deleterious effects of ATP in the lungs in general and in COPD in particular, and (iv) the rationale for the blockade of these actions of ATP in the lungs as a novel therapeutic approach in the management of COPD patients.
{"title":"Targeting the ATP-Axis in Lungs as a New Therapheutic Modality for COPD","authors":"Amir Pelleg, Peter Barnes, Edward Schulman","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4487","url":null,"abstract":"Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is found in every cell of the body where it plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and energetics. ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions; extracellular ATP acts as an autocrine and paracrine agent. Its effects on targeted cells are mediated by subtypes of purinergic receptors (P2R). In the lungs, relatively large amounts of ATP are released under inflammatory conditions. Extracellular ATP triggers a central vagal reflex by activating purinergic receptor P2XR localized on pulmonary vagal sensory nerve terminals. This results in cough, bronchoconstriction and the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides via axon reflex. COPD patients manifest higher sensetivity to aerosolized ATP than healthy subjects, and the levels of ATP in COPD patients’ lungs are 3x that found in healthy subjects. This review succinctly details (i) the sources amd mechanisms of ATP’s release into the extracellular space, (ii) the ways extracellular ATP is eliminated, (iii) the deleterious effects of ATP in the lungs in general and in COPD in particular, and (iv) the rationale for the blockade of these actions of ATP in the lungs as a novel therapeutic approach in the management of COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4554
Pedro Forcada
Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the first cause of mortality and disability around the world. To understand the pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic plaques and specially their hemodynamics, the changes with their evolution or with the therapeutic interventions are essential to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to stop the cardiovascular pandemics. Ultrasound is a cheap, simple and accessible methodology that experienced in the last three decades an astounding development in terms of technology and diagnostic precision. In the field of doppler ultrasound, Power doppler and color doppler enabled a detailed evaluation of cardiac valves, arteries and veins that conducted to impressive diagnostic precision and to enable advances in therapeutic interventions. Recently a new doppler technology based on processing in blocks the ultrasound information and transduce it into a vector representation of the displacement of blood flow in the space, named VFLOW®, conducted to a new field of investigation of complex flow patterns, by means of the instantaneous measurement of speed, flow gradients, wall shear stress and vessel wall stiffness. We conducted an investigation of different hemodynamic patterns according to plaque structure and vascular regional hemodynamics. Two main groups of plaques have been described, the soft ones (“expanding”) and the stiff or hard ones (“non expanding”). The first type has been associated with acute cardiovascular complications and increased cardiovascular risk and just the opposite, chronic lesions in stable disease to the later. We analyze in this paper the characterization of both types of plaques, their hemodynamic patterns and in particular, for the first time, the behavior of the wall shear stress at different sectors of the plaques which may be linked to their development and/or complications. This technology deserves further development face to future applications in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
{"title":"FLOW PATTERNS OF CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES USING A NEW US TECHNOLOGY: VECTORIAL DOPPLER (V FLOW ®)","authors":"Pedro Forcada","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4554","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the first cause of mortality and disability around the world. To understand the pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic plaques and specially their hemodynamics, the changes with their evolution or with the therapeutic interventions are essential to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to stop the cardiovascular pandemics. Ultrasound is a cheap, simple and accessible methodology that experienced in the last three decades an astounding development in terms of technology and diagnostic precision. In the field of doppler ultrasound, Power doppler and color doppler enabled a detailed evaluation of cardiac valves, arteries and veins that conducted to impressive diagnostic precision and to enable advances in therapeutic interventions. Recently a new doppler technology based on processing in blocks the ultrasound information and transduce it into a vector representation of the displacement of blood flow in the space, named VFLOW®, conducted to a new field of investigation of complex flow patterns, by means of the instantaneous measurement of speed, flow gradients, wall shear stress and vessel wall stiffness. We conducted an investigation of different hemodynamic patterns according to plaque structure and vascular regional hemodynamics. Two main groups of plaques have been described, the soft ones (“expanding”) and the stiff or hard ones (“non expanding”). The first type has been associated with acute cardiovascular complications and increased cardiovascular risk and just the opposite, chronic lesions in stable disease to the later. We analyze in this paper the characterization of both types of plaques, their hemodynamic patterns and in particular, for the first time, the behavior of the wall shear stress at different sectors of the plaques which may be linked to their development and/or complications. This technology deserves further development face to future applications in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4486
Antonio Manna, Davide Forni, Marco Bartocci, Nicola Pasculli, Barbara Poddesu, Alberto Vincentelli, Franco Lori
Background. Airborne transmission of endemic respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses, poses significant public health challenges. Aims. This manuscript investigates the efficacy of electromagnetic waves as a novel approach for airborne viruses inactivation in bioaerosol suspension, that is their natural route of transmission. Methods. Using a bioaerosol system in a controlled laboratory environment, different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the human influenza virus were exposed to resonant radiated microwaves within safe power levels. Results. Radiated microwaves exposure led to a substantial reduction in the infectivity of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta and omicron variants, achieving 80-90% reduction in infectivity. These variants exhibited susceptibility to the resonant radiated microwaves similar to the original Wuhan variant of SARS-CoV-2, confirming the effectiveness of this approach against a range of SARS-CoV-2 strains. Furthermore, the H1N1 human influenza virus displayed a 90% reduction in infectivity when exposed to microwave waves. However, the influenza virus exhibited distinctive response patterns, being susceptible to higher frequencies (up to 16 GHz) compared to SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, longer exposure times (5 minutes) were required to achieve the same level of inactivation observed in SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of radiated microwaves as a strategy for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. Further, they contribute to determining the optimal frequencies, exposure times, and power levels required for effective virus inactivation. This innovative approach could provide valuable insights for developing sanitization strategies and public health interventions to mitigate the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.
{"title":"Endemic Respiratory Viruses Inactivation in Aerosol by Means of Radiated Microwaves","authors":"Antonio Manna, Davide Forni, Marco Bartocci, Nicola Pasculli, Barbara Poddesu, Alberto Vincentelli, Franco Lori","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4486","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Airborne transmission of endemic respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses, poses significant public health challenges. Aims. This manuscript investigates the efficacy of electromagnetic waves as a novel approach for airborne viruses inactivation in bioaerosol suspension, that is their natural route of transmission. Methods. Using a bioaerosol system in a controlled laboratory environment, different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the human influenza virus were exposed to resonant radiated microwaves within safe power levels. Results. Radiated microwaves exposure led to a substantial reduction in the infectivity of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta and omicron variants, achieving 80-90% reduction in infectivity. These variants exhibited susceptibility to the resonant radiated microwaves similar to the original Wuhan variant of SARS-CoV-2, confirming the effectiveness of this approach against a range of SARS-CoV-2 strains. Furthermore, the H1N1 human influenza virus displayed a 90% reduction in infectivity when exposed to microwave waves. However, the influenza virus exhibited distinctive response patterns, being susceptible to higher frequencies (up to 16 GHz) compared to SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, longer exposure times (5 minutes) were required to achieve the same level of inactivation observed in SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of radiated microwaves as a strategy for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. Further, they contribute to determining the optimal frequencies, exposure times, and power levels required for effective virus inactivation. This innovative approach could provide valuable insights for developing sanitization strategies and public health interventions to mitigate the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137
Oscar Cobar, Stella Cobar
Background: The World Health Organization -WHO- declares the end of COVID-19 pandemic on May 5, 2023, and the contagious and pathogenic XBB.2.3 “Acrux” begins to spread worldwide. XBB.2.3 has a higher transmission rate and greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than the XBB.1.16 strain, the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections, besides that current virus vaccines and their boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Aim: The purpose of the manuscript is to present a systematic review on the prevalence, structural, genomic, and pathogenic characteristics of XBB.2.3 and its descendants as of May 31, 2023, emphasizing the symptoms generated in children, adults, and the elderly. Material and methods: Original scientific articles published in Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and BioMed Central databases, official health organizations (WHO, CDC, ECDEC, DOH Philippines) electronic publications, and specialized media in the subject, were electronically searched to accomplish the aim of the study. Articles published in any language were included from 2020 to present using a variety of keywords in combination. The studies relevant to our review were analysed and compared. Results and discussion: XBB.2.3 probably originated in India, but is expanding, being detected as early as Europe in mid-January 2023 and as of May 31, 2023, in more than 47 countries, including the United States, India, Philippines and Thailand. XBB.2.3* has five defining mutations; S:D253G (previously found in Lambda and Iota variants), S:P521S (new since XBB family), S:S486P and the unprecedented ORF1a:G2091S, and ORF7a:A13V. S:S486P is probably the responsible of the superior transmissibility of XBB.2.3*, appears to have a 37% rate of infection and hospitalisation, which is 3-8% higher than other sub-variants. Conclusions: XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2 strain has a higher transmission rate than XBB.1.16*, exhibits a greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than XBB.1.16*, and even has the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Preliminary data from the study suggest that current virus vaccines and their current boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. The potential consequences of XBB.2.3* underscore the importance of coordinated
背景:2023年5月5日，世界卫生组织(who)宣布新冠肺炎大流行结束，传染性和致病性XBB.2.3“Acrux”开始在全球传播。与XBB.1.16毒株相比，XBB.2.3具有更高的传播率和更强的免疫产生抗体和疫苗的逃避能力，有可能逃避所有形式的免疫，包括目前加强疫苗接种或以前感染的免疫，此外，目前的病毒疫苗及其加强疫苗可能对XBB.2.3*提供很少或根本没有保护。那些感染了XBB.2.3*的人预计会获得更多的机会性继发感染，从而导致疾病的严重程度和更多的长期问题(后covid综合征)，并可能增加死亡率。目的:本论文的目的是对截至2023年5月31日XBB.2.3及其后代的患病率、结构、基因组和致病特征进行系统综述，重点介绍儿童、成人和老年人的症状。材料和方法:电子检索发表在Medline、Pubmed、Science Direct、Web of Science、Scopus、EBSCO和BioMed Central数据库、官方卫生组织(WHO、CDC、ECDEC、DOH菲律宾)电子出版物和该主题的专业媒体上的原创科学文章，以完成研究目的。从2020年到现在，使用各种关键词组合，以任何语言发表的文章都被包括在内。对与本综述相关的研究进行了分析和比较。结果和讨论:XBB.2.3可能起源于印度，但正在扩大，最早于2023年1月中旬在欧洲被发现，截至2023年5月31日，在超过47个国家被发现，包括美国、印度、菲律宾和泰国。XBB.2.3*有五个定义突变;S:D253G(以前在Lambda和Iota变体中发现)，S:P521S(自XBB家族以来的新产品)，S:S486P和前所未有的ORF1a:G2091S和ORF7a:A13V。S:S486P可能是xbb的高传播性的原因。2.3*，似乎有37%的感染率和住院率，比其他亚变异高3-8%。结论:XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2病毒株的传播率高于XBB.1.16*，对免疫产生的抗体和疫苗的逃避能力高于XBB.1.16*，甚至有可能逃避所有形式的免疫，包括当前加强疫苗接种或以前感染的免疫。那些感染了XBB.2.3*的人预计会获得更多的机会性继发感染，从而导致疾病的严重程度和更多的长期问题(后covid综合征)，并可能增加死亡率。该研究的初步数据表明，目前的病毒疫苗及其增强剂可能对XBB.2.3*提供很少或根本没有保护。XBB.2.3*的潜在后果强调了协调、积极和富有成效的努力以遏制其传播的重要性。
{"title":"XBB.2.3, Prevalence, Structural, Genomic, and Pathogenic Properties.","authors":"Oscar Cobar, Stella Cobar","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4137","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization -WHO- declares the end of COVID-19 pandemic on May 5, 2023, and the contagious and pathogenic XBB.2.3 “Acrux” begins to spread worldwide. XBB.2.3 has a higher transmission rate and greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than the XBB.1.16 strain, the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections, besides that current virus vaccines and their boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Aim: The purpose of the manuscript is to present a systematic review on the prevalence, structural, genomic, and pathogenic characteristics of XBB.2.3 and its descendants as of May 31, 2023, emphasizing the symptoms generated in children, adults, and the elderly. Material and methods: Original scientific articles published in Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and BioMed Central databases, official health organizations (WHO, CDC, ECDEC, DOH Philippines) electronic publications, and specialized media in the subject, were electronically searched to accomplish the aim of the study. Articles published in any language were included from 2020 to present using a variety of keywords in combination. The studies relevant to our review were analysed and compared. Results and discussion: XBB.2.3 probably originated in India, but is expanding, being detected as early as Europe in mid-January 2023 and as of May 31, 2023, in more than 47 countries, including the United States, India, Philippines and Thailand. XBB.2.3* has five defining mutations; S:D253G (previously found in Lambda and Iota variants), S:P521S (new since XBB family), S:S486P and the unprecedented ORF1a:G2091S, and ORF7a:A13V. S:S486P is probably the responsible of the superior transmissibility of XBB.2.3*, appears to have a 37% rate of infection and hospitalisation, which is 3-8% higher than other sub-variants. Conclusions: XBB.2.3* SARS-CoV-2 strain has a higher transmission rate than XBB.1.16*, exhibits a greater evasive capacity of immune-generated antibodies and vaccines than XBB.1.16*, and even has the potential to evade all forms of immunity, including those conferred by current booster vaccination or by previous infections. Those infected with XBB.2.3*, are expected to acquire more opportunistic secondary infections that contribute to the severity of the disease and more long-term problems (Post-COVID Syndrome) and a possible increase in the mortality rate. Preliminary data from the study suggest that current virus vaccines and their current boosters may provide little or no protection against XBB.2.3*. The potential consequences of XBB.2.3* underscore the importance of coordinated","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: During the Covid-19 pandemic, a rise in symptoms of anxiety and depression was described in the general population. It’s critical to analyze these symptoms in the pediatric population, considering the influence of mental health across the social and academic domains, and its impact on neurodevelopment, morbidity, and mortality. This study aims to recognize and, compare its risk factors, and suggest evidence-based policies to mitigate the adverse effects of future pandemics on youth. METHODOLOGY: Using a search strategy through PubMed, CINAHL, and Scholar Google platforms, after screening 106 articles, 50 were read in full. After its analysis, 11 met the inclusion criteria of a publication date after March 2020, cross-section or cohort/case-control study with data including general pediatric population mental health or pediatric population infected with Covid-19 mental health. DISCUSSION: The isolation, lack of exercise, and sociodemographic factors of age, sex, residence, economic status, and school class, were significantly associated with the self-reported psychological distress in the general pediatric population. CONCLUSION: It's crucial to measure and discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents. Applicable interferences that showed less anxiety in hospitalized kids were contacting the family member through free teleconferencing programs and providing video games for children in isolation. There are still COVID-19 worldwide studies and data to be released, it's a subject to continue its discussion, and formulation of evidence-based policies.
{"title":"THE PEDIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC : A INTEGRATIVE REVIEW","authors":"Giovana Sanches, Juliana Lima, Marcella Delatorre","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4447","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: During the Covid-19 pandemic, a rise in symptoms of anxiety and depression was described in the general population. It’s critical to analyze these symptoms in the pediatric population, considering the influence of mental health across the social and academic domains, and its impact on neurodevelopment, morbidity, and mortality. This study aims to recognize and, compare its risk factors, and suggest evidence-based policies to mitigate the adverse effects of future pandemics on youth. METHODOLOGY: Using a search strategy through PubMed, CINAHL, and Scholar Google platforms, after screening 106 articles, 50 were read in full. After its analysis, 11 met the inclusion criteria of a publication date after March 2020, cross-section or cohort/case-control study with data including general pediatric population mental health or pediatric population infected with Covid-19 mental health. DISCUSSION: The isolation, lack of exercise, and sociodemographic factors of age, sex, residence, economic status, and school class, were significantly associated with the self-reported psychological distress in the general pediatric population. CONCLUSION: It's crucial to measure and discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents. Applicable interferences that showed less anxiety in hospitalized kids were contacting the family member through free teleconferencing programs and providing video games for children in isolation. There are still COVID-19 worldwide studies and data to be released, it's a subject to continue its discussion, and formulation of evidence-based policies.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoost SS, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Honig LS, Gu Y, Sanchez D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua RA, Kang MS, Dage JL, Mayeux R
Background: Comorbidities may influence the levels of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated whether differences in risk factors or comorbid conditions might explain the discordance between clinical diagnosis and biomarker classifications in a multi-ethnic cohort of elderly individuals. Aims: To evaluate the relationship of medical conditions and other characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), vascular risk factors, and head injury, with cognitive impairment and blood-based biomarkers of AD, phosphorylated tau (P-tau 181, P-tau 217), in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: Three-hundred individuals, aged 65 and older, were selected from a prospective community-based cohort for equal representation among three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latino and African American/Black. Participants were classified into four groups based on absence (Asym) or presence (Sym) of cognitive impairment and low (NEG) or high (POS) P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 levels, determined previously in the same cohort: (Asym/NEG, Asym/POS, Sym/NEG, Sym/POS). We examined differences in individual characteristics across the four groups. We performed post-hoc analysis examining the differences across biomarker and cognitive status. Results: P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 positive individuals had lower BMI than P-tau negative participants, regardless of symptom status. Symptomatic and asymptomatic participants did not differ in terms of BMI. BMI was not a mediator of the effect of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 on dementia. Frequencies of other risk factors did not differ between the four groups of individuals. Conclusions: Participants with higher levels of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 consistent with AD had lower BMI regardless of whether the individual was symptomatic. These findings suggest that weight loss may change with AD biomarker levels before onset of cognitive decline. They do not support BMI as a confounding variable. Further longitudinal studies could explore the relationship of risk factors with clinical diagnoses and biomarkers.
{"title":"Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on the Association of Blood-Based Biomarkers with Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Hoost SS, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Honig LS, Gu Y, Sanchez D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua RA, Kang MS, Dage JL, Mayeux R","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4468","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Comorbidities may influence the levels of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated whether differences in risk factors or comorbid conditions might explain the discordance between clinical diagnosis and biomarker classifications in a multi-ethnic cohort of elderly individuals. Aims: To evaluate the relationship of medical conditions and other characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), vascular risk factors, and head injury, with cognitive impairment and blood-based biomarkers of AD, phosphorylated tau (P-tau 181, P-tau 217), in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: Three-hundred individuals, aged 65 and older, were selected from a prospective community-based cohort for equal representation among three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latino and African American/Black. Participants were classified into four groups based on absence (Asym) or presence (Sym) of cognitive impairment and low (NEG) or high (POS) P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 levels, determined previously in the same cohort: (Asym/NEG, Asym/POS, Sym/NEG, Sym/POS). We examined differences in individual characteristics across the four groups. We performed post-hoc analysis examining the differences across biomarker and cognitive status. Results: P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 positive individuals had lower BMI than P-tau negative participants, regardless of symptom status. Symptomatic and asymptomatic participants did not differ in terms of BMI. BMI was not a mediator of the effect of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 on dementia. Frequencies of other risk factors did not differ between the four groups of individuals. Conclusions: Participants with higher levels of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 consistent with AD had lower BMI regardless of whether the individual was symptomatic. These findings suggest that weight loss may change with AD biomarker levels before onset of cognitive decline. They do not support BMI as a confounding variable. Further longitudinal studies could explore the relationship of risk factors with clinical diagnoses and biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable operational and financial challenges to companies, particularly those owned or managed by disabled entrepreneurs. While assessing the impact of the pandemic on the performance of the surveyed companies, this study attempts to explain how disabled entrepreneurs reacted to the effects of the pandemic and their success and shortfalls in overcoming the business and commercial challenges during the pandemic. Focus group discussions were used to collect primary data, with the aim of identifying and exploring different variables that influence the activities of disabled entrepreneurs and affect their business. The content analysis technique was also used to analyze the primary data to determine the status and conditions of companies owned by disabled entrepreneurs and to provide SWOT analysis of these companies. The results revealed that companies owned by disabled entrepreneurs demonstrated resilience and adaptability in surviving the pandemic, despite shortcomings such as falling trade operations, fewer customers, and higher operational expenses. The findings also identified some successful business models, where disabled entrepreneurs were able to adapt to the changing business environment by implementing digital technologies, accepting creative solutions, and changing business strategies. Our findings make original contribution to the field by identifying the serious challenges that encounter disabled entrepreneurs and stressing the urgency of developing specific policies to provide technical and financial support to this group at the time of crises.
{"title":"COVID-19 Effects on Companies Owned by Disabled Entrepreneurs","authors":"Ashraf Mishrif, Aziza Al-qamashoui, Noof Al-Quraini, Safa Al-Fahdi","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4444","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable operational and financial challenges to companies, particularly those owned or managed by disabled entrepreneurs. While assessing the impact of the pandemic on the performance of the surveyed companies, this study attempts to explain how disabled entrepreneurs reacted to the effects of the pandemic and their success and shortfalls in overcoming the business and commercial challenges during the pandemic. Focus group discussions were used to collect primary data, with the aim of identifying and exploring different variables that influence the activities of disabled entrepreneurs and affect their business. The content analysis technique was also used to analyze the primary data to determine the status and conditions of companies owned by disabled entrepreneurs and to provide SWOT analysis of these companies. The results revealed that companies owned by disabled entrepreneurs demonstrated resilience and adaptability in surviving the pandemic, despite shortcomings such as falling trade operations, fewer customers, and higher operational expenses. The findings also identified some successful business models, where disabled entrepreneurs were able to adapt to the changing business environment by implementing digital technologies, accepting creative solutions, and changing business strategies. Our findings make original contribution to the field by identifying the serious challenges that encounter disabled entrepreneurs and stressing the urgency of developing specific policies to provide technical and financial support to this group at the time of crises.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashley Mehl, Zachary Rogozinski, Megan Bauman, Carmen Eilertson, Ali Nourbakhsh
Vertebral artery anomalies and anatomic variations noted from cadaveric dissections and imaging studies are well documented within the literature at the craniovertebral junction as well as subaxial cervical spine. Such abnormalities can lead to Vertebral artery injuries causing a myriad of comorbidities for patients. In such situations, Vertebral artery may need to be repaired especially if the dominant artery was injured. In this study, we describe a safe surgical approach to expose the Vertebral artery in the subaxial cervical spine using 6 formalin fixed cadavers to assess the feasibility of our approach. Neural foraminal decompression was performed to identify the nerve roots followed by complete resection of the inferior and superior articular processes at the intended levels. The pedicle was skeletonized, and the posterior wall of the transverse foramen was removed. The Vertebral artery could then be exposed between the two nerve roots. Multiple measurements were reported to guide the approach, including the Vertebral artery diameter between the nerve roots on the left and right side from C3-C7, the distance from midline to the medial edge of the Vertebral artery, and the distance from midline to the lateral edge of the Vertebral artery. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing a safe approach to expose the subaxial Vertebral artery.
{"title":"Posterior Exposure of the Vertebral Artery in the Subaxial Cervical Spine: A Cadaveric Study","authors":"Ashley Mehl, Zachary Rogozinski, Megan Bauman, Carmen Eilertson, Ali Nourbakhsh","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4393","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebral artery anomalies and anatomic variations noted from cadaveric dissections and imaging studies are well documented within the literature at the craniovertebral junction as well as subaxial cervical spine. Such abnormalities can lead to Vertebral artery injuries causing a myriad of comorbidities for patients. In such situations, Vertebral artery may need to be repaired especially if the dominant artery was injured. In this study, we describe a safe surgical approach to expose the Vertebral artery in the subaxial cervical spine using 6 formalin fixed cadavers to assess the feasibility of our approach. Neural foraminal decompression was performed to identify the nerve roots followed by complete resection of the inferior and superior articular processes at the intended levels. The pedicle was skeletonized, and the posterior wall of the transverse foramen was removed. The Vertebral artery could then be exposed between the two nerve roots. Multiple measurements were reported to guide the approach, including the Vertebral artery diameter between the nerve roots on the left and right side from C3-C7, the distance from midline to the medial edge of the Vertebral artery, and the distance from midline to the lateral edge of the Vertebral artery. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing a safe approach to expose the subaxial Vertebral artery.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：