Medical Research Archives最新文献

{"title":"Important Considerations for ADHD ‘Patient and Public’ Involvement and Engagement in Research","authors":"Blandine French","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4477","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we summarise key points of learning from research projects on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that have had patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) as a key part of the research process. We share learning from our experiences in delivering research working with PPIE groups with ADHD, as top tips for researchers. Our aim is to highlight the importance of including lived-experience in ADHD research, share learning and highlight some of the (potentially invisible) differences in functioning that someone with ADHD can experience in relation to attentional focus, organisation, and time management. Specifically, how these might impact working practices of PPIE groups that include people with ADHD. Lay summary: This research discusses the importance of involving individuals with ADHD in research and shares insights gained. It emphasizes the unique challenges faced by those with ADHD in terms of attention, organization, and time management, which might not always be apparent. The paper offers practical tips for researchers to better engage with ADHD groups, aiming to ensure that their experiences and perspectives are considered in the research process. In summary, it highlights the value of including firsthand experiences in ADHD research and provides guidance for researchers to enhance this inclusion.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Implications: A Scoping Review of Opioid Prevention Programs Among Adolescents","authors":"Joseph Donnelly, Elena Saldutti, Lisa Gavin, Michael Hecht","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4153","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid misuse and its attendant negative consequences remain a public health challenge. This is true among all sectors of the population, and, in the U.S., it has impacted adolescent health in sometimes fatal ways. As a result, the public health sector has sought mechanisms for preventing opioid misuse, with school-based interventions emerging as one of the most viable options for intervening early and effectively. School-based substance use interventions have proven effective when implemented using a repertoire of effective strategies, however, it is unclear if those strategies have been equally effective in combatting adolescent opioid misuse. This scoping review explores school- and community- based intervention programs as well as national public awareness initiatives that support adolescent opioid education. Identification of Evidence-Based Programs (EAP) that target opioid education for adolescents has proven to be most elusive; it is our belief that no such EAP exists. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate current opioid prevention efforts in hopes to determine whether we have the appropriate tools to combat this public health issue.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135893987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Stroke: Clinical Pearls and Future Directions","authors":"Janette Mailo, Ratika Srivastava, Thilinie Rajapakse, Jerome Y. Yager","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.3259","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal strokes are disorders of cerebral vasculature occurring in the developing brain between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days postnatally (Raju, 2007). This review describes specific types of perinatal strokes and includes up-to-date risk factors, clinical presentations, outcomes, and management including expert consensus and controversies. We will conclude with a discussion of new research focused on optimizing the quality of life for children with stroke and their families. Perinatal stroke can present acutely and should be considered for any newborn with unexplained encephalopathy or seizures, particularly those that are focal in nature. Presumed perinatal stroke syndromes present later in infancy with motor and sensory asymmetry. In either case, neuroimaging helps identify a specific perinatal stroke syndrome. Most perinatal stroke survivors experience long-term morbidity, inclusive of cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, cognitive and behavioural disabilities, and visual deficits. Significant progress has been made in understanding cerebrovascular injuries of the developing brain and the role of early rehabilitation in recovery. With limited preventative and acute treatment options available, long-term neurorehabilitation continues to be the focus of treatment. Equally important is to recognize the significant psychosocial impact of perinatal stroke on the entire family. Online resources and support systems are increasingly available through national and international pediatric stroke organizations.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Oxygen as a Life-Saving Medicine: A rapid review of the oxygen landscape and innovative efforts in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region in Response to COVID-19 and Beyond.","authors":"Chiori Kodama, Gary Kuniyoshi, Shaffi Koya, Mohamed Salem, Mostafa Monier Othman, Kazuyo Iwamoto, Abdinasir Abubakar, Richard Brennan","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4162","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical oxygen is an essential treatment for life-threatening hypoxemic conditions and is commonly indicated for the clinical management of many leading causes of mortality. Many countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) lacked robust medical oxygen systems prior to the COVID-19 (corona virus disease) pandemic and this situation was exacerbated by increased needs, particularly in remote and rural health facilities, resulting in many unfortunate deaths. The aim of this article is to describe the oxygen landscape in the region and the regional initiatives undertaken by countries and WHO.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We conducted a rapid review to synthesize the available literature on the needs and availability of oxygen and its related resources and the regional initiatives undertaken. We conducted search in PubMed, relevant WHO and World Bank websites, and in general using google to understand the health of conditions that could benefit from the availability of medical oxygen, oxygen related resources including health workforce available for support and usage of medical oxygen, and the initiatives by WHO, countries and partners to improve the situation. We used a snowballing technique and reviewed all available databases for reports, surveys, assessments, and studies related to medical oxygen, besides WHO internal records, assessments, and consultation reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data on oxygen availability, supply demand gap, infrastructure facilities, and human resources were sparse. The regional initiatives have led to increase in resources, including human resources and oxygen production infrastructure. <i>The Live Oxygen Platform</i> (LOP), contributed to improved availability of quality data needed for supply demand assessments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A regional enterprise strategy to promote sustainable, decentralized, and contextualized production, supply, and monitoring of oxygen together with human resource support including training and placement by WHO, partners, and governments contributed to improved availability of oxygen in the region. Additionally, with the LOP, governments, WHO, and partners have access to better data availability for policy decision making and timely resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"11 7.2","pages":"4162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10440734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10047702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral Distress and Moral Resilience of Health Professionals in a Greek Public Hospital during the Second Wave of Pandemic","authors":"Vako Ilda, Eirini Patsaki, Alexandros Kouvarakos, Vaios Grammatis, Ioannis Kouroutzis, Theodora Apostolidi, Vasiliki Roka, Anastasia Kotanidou, Pavlos Sarafis, Maria Malliarou","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4508","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare professionals during the pandemic in the Greek public healthcare system have experienced increased psychological distress, fear and a greater intention to quit their jobs. This study analyzes the factors of moral distress and moral resilience of healthcare professionals employed during the second wave of the pandemic. The target group was the healthcare professionals (HP = 169) who served in the Evaggelismos General Hospital Covid-clinics and -ICU for 2022 and data were collected through life protocols. Healthcare professionals believe that when faced with moral challenges, they are able to discern them and think clearly. They are especially stressed when they care for more patients than they can safely handle when they are involved in care that causes unnecessary suffering or does not adequately relieve pain or symptoms, and when they notice that patient care is getting worse. Also stressful are the situations, leading to the creation of possible moral distress, when they witness a violation of a standard of practice or moral code. Factors that lead or may lead healthcare professionals to moral distress are nursing safety, unnecessary and deteriorating patient care, and violation of medical confidentiality, violation of standards of practice or moral codes. The score on the MMD-HP scale indicates low-to-moderate levels of moral distress. Based on the RMRS scale the moral resilience of healthcare professionals is characterized by moderate-to-high with the highest scores per statement seen when patient care is getting worse and feel pressured to ignore situations where patients have not been given adequate information. The healthcare professionals report that they have either left or have considered leaving their position in a clinic due to moral distress, although they are not currently thinking of leaving their position. The factors that increase the frequency of moral distress and decrease their moral resilience are feeling powerless anxiety, nursing/treatment errors, aggressive treatment, caring for more patients than they can handle, substandard patient care, and hierarchical teams.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Next Sequencing Generation in Lung Cancer and Its Prognostic Implication","authors":"Paula Lillo, Juan Solchaga, Irene Rodríguez, Bárbara Angulo, Javier Azua-Romeo","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4366","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. In 2020, there were an estimated 2.2 million new cases of lung cancer and 1.8 million deaths due to the disease. Historically, lung cancer has been more common in men, but the gap has been closing. Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of lung cancer. Survival rates for lung cancer vary greatly depending on the stage at diagnosis and other factors. Overall, the prognosis for lung cancer is often poor, with a relatively low five-year survival rate compared to some other cancers. In this work we aim to show new paths in the diagnosis of lung cancer, through the study of several mutations and proteins, mostly detected by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) which has significantly transformed our understanding of cancer, by providing high-throughput and cost-effective methods for analyzing genomic information. In the context of lung cancer, NGS has played a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of the disease, improving diagnosis and treatment, and guiding personalized medicine approaches. key points highlighting the importance of next-generation sequencing in lung cancer: Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Identification of Driver Mutations Stratification of Patients Predicting Treatment Response Monitoring Disease Progression Clinical Trials and Drug Development Early Detection and Prognosis A large meta-analysis has been done, as well as a detailed study of 86 patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the ANALIZA laboratory. In this sense the most frequently implicated mutations in this tumor have been analyzed, ALK, ROS1 and EGFR, the positions they occupy in the genes, in addition to the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune control protein, which is expressed in activated immune cells and in tumor cells, and how its identification allows us to direct treatment in a more optimal way. In summary, next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of lung cancer research and clinical practice. By providing detailed insights into the genomic landscape of tumors, NGS facilitates personalized treatment approaches, early detection, and ongoing monitoring, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Septic Arthritis of the Hip: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","authors":"Iulian Nusem, Marjoree Sehu","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Septic arthritis of the hip is an orthopaedic emergency which requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. If treated late or inadequately, it can have devastating consequences for the development of the hip joint. Infection is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus which spreads via the blood stream or from an adjacent area of osteomyelitis. Diagnosing and managing this condition continue to be challenging and poor outcomes may occur. Neonates may present with sepsis and failure to thrive. There may be no fever. The hip is held in flexed, abducted and externally rotated position. The limb is held still and any passive movement causes pain. Older children typically present with a limp or refusal to walk. Children typically have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Needle aspiration is the most specific diagnostic test. Prompt surgical drainage and postoperative antibiotic therapy until signs of infection resolve are necessary to prevent late sequelae. Objectives: The present review aims to discuss the published evidence related to the diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip based on history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies and arthrocentesis, and management including antibiotic treatment and surgical joint debridement. Conclusion: With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, outcomes are generally good, with only few long-term sequelae. Delay in diagnosis and treatment may result in growth disturbances and joint destruction.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134891130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney stones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic risk factors","authors":"Francisco Spivacow, Elisa Valle, Paula Rey, Pablo Allo, Martín Pailler","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4483","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the past few decades, the prevalence of kidney stones in Western countries has increased in parallel with the growing overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus rates. An increased insulin resistance in these patients explains, in part, the rising prevalence of uric acid stones. Aim: The Aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with kidney stones. Methods: A total of 104 diabetic patients (age: 57.8 ± 11 years) and 130 non-diabetics (age: 52.1 ± 6.7 years) with kidney stones were selected. Results: Higher rates of body mass index, hypertension, urinary tract infection, gout and hyperuricemia were observed in diabetic patients as compared to the non-diabetics, while similar rates were found for their family history of kidney stones. Metabolic abnormalities were detected in 95.2% and 81.5% of diabetics and non-diabetics, respectively. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was the most frequent abnormality in both groups, although as a simple abnormality, in diabetic patients, unduly acidic urine was the more common. Conclusions: unduly acidic urine is the most frequent single abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus and is in part responsible for the greater number of uric acid stones.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The journey of breast cancer patient from self-perception of breast abnormalities to first cancer treatment- a sectional study in Sul Fluminense region-RJ-Brazil","authors":"Heloisa Resende, Vinícius Aguiar, Luiz Jacob, Angélica Renó, Ana Cunha, Biazi Assis, Viviane Pereira, Leticia Tureta, Layza Eler, Matheus Oliveira, Matheus Montenegro, Lucas Pereira, Felipe Teixeira, Igor Soares","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4577","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common female neoplasm in Brazil accounting for 73.610 new cases a year. The organization of public health system is a critical point to provide diagnosis and treatment for these patients, considering that 75% of the population is covered by public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS). Waiting time for diagnosis procedures and treatment has been used to evaluate accessibility to the health system and can guide governmental strategies to improve them. A retrospective study was conducted by assessing medical records of all patients registered at a High Complexity Oncology Assistance Unit (Unidade de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, UNACON). The patients registered in the period from October 2021 to September 2022 were included. The medical report was used to collect epidemiological, clinicopathologic data, and main waiting times for diagnosis procedures and treatment. There were registered 143 patients, mean age was 57.6 years (SD±12,6). Symptoms detected cancer was the majority with 112 patients (86,8%). Median waiting times: 1-from breast abnormalities self-perception to first image exam was 60 days; 2-waiting time from the exam to core biopsy was 41,5 days; 3-waiting time from the biopsy to report liberation of biopsy was 11.0 days; 4-waiting time from biopsy report to first visit at oncologic care unit was 31.0 days; 4-waiting time from the oncologic care unit first visit to first treatment was 55.0 days; 5-waiting time from the breast biopsy to treatment beginning was 97.0 days. Our study demonstrates long waiting time from diagnosis to first treatment (above 60 days as established by Brazilian law) and long waiting time spending with each step of journey from the breast abnormalities self-detected to treatment beginning. Integration among basic, secondary and high complexity units, and clear strategies to guide patients with self-detected symptoms are points to be target.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) of Asian Countries: A Mini-Literature Review on its Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes","authors":"Mehnaaz Arifuddin, Mohammed Hazari","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4070","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic though has reached endemic levels in most of the countries, it has left an indelible mark on the healthcare systems across the world. One of the emerging challenges faced by physicians and researchers all around the world is the increased incidence of Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Most of the research work conducted till date focusses on the pathophysiology, management and treatment of this syndrome. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children has been found to be a consequence of hyperactive immune system resulting from cytokine activation and release of immune complexes subsequent to COVID-19 infection. This condition is also associated with multisystem dysfunction which if not diagnosed early and not treated promptly, could result in an increased mortality among children. Most of the cases have been reported from European and American countries, but not many from Asia. This literature review provides for plausible reasons as to why the incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children has been less in Asian countries compared to the rest of the world. It also gives insights into the treatment protocols for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children followed by hospitals in these countries and also highlights how different MIS-C is from Kawasaki disease in terms of clinical presentation since both these conditions share a common disease spectrum. This review also lists out the clinical features and treatment followed in such patients belonging to Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135893992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}