Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01416-1
Walter King Witt
{"title":"Discussion on “Granite-pegmatite-related gold skarns and associated Li-Cs-Ta pegmatites in the Archean Yilgarn Craton” by Mueller (2025)","authors":"Walter King Witt","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01416-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01416-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01410-7
Lan Yang, Yang Li, Yan Yu, Li-Guang Wu, Fang-Yue Wang, Xian-Hua Li
{"title":"A 430 Ma hydrothermal origin for magnetite at Bayan Obo","authors":"Lan Yang, Yang Li, Yan Yu, Li-Guang Wu, Fang-Yue Wang, Xian-Hua Li","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01410-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01410-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01407-2
Anna Sorrentino, Saeid Asadzadeh, Giovanni Camanni, Francesco Carotenuto, Sabine Chabrillat, Sarah A. Gleeson, Giuseppina Balassone, Nicola Mondillo
In this study, we investigate Zn mineralization in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, using hyperspectral data from the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) satellite instrument to explore the spatial relationships between ore zones, hydrothermal alteration zones, and fault systems. Zinc mineralization in this area is hosted in Lower Cambrian lithologies and contains significant willemite, fraipontite, and Zn-phosphates, associated with extensive hematite- and dolomite-bearing hydrothermal alteration. Alteration mineral maps, showing relative abundance and compositional variations, were generated by applying a multiple-feature extraction methodology based on polynomial fitting and band ratios. Ground-truthing was conducted through laboratory spectroscopy and mineralogical-petrographic methods. This approach enabled the mapping of Fe oxy-hydroxides (i.e., hematite and goethite), carbonate minerals (i.e., dolomite and calcite), and dioctahedral phyllosilicates (i.e., white micas and kaolinite). It also successfully identified and mapped the ore mineral fraipontite based on its absorption feature at ~ 2260 nm. Multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning of the EnMAP imagery highlighted the co-occurrence of hematite, dolomite, and fraipontite in mineralized zones, making this assemblage a potential indicator for regional exploration of similar deposits. The study also revealed the controlling effects of fault structures on mineralization and the associated alteration haloes, with mineralized zones confined to fault-bounded rock volumes, predominantly located at intersections between interacting faults or in the proximity of lateral fault terminations. Overall, this work provides new insights into the spectral behavior of Zn-bearing minerals and demonstrates the effectiveness of hyperspectral sensing for characterizing oxidized Zn mineralization during regional prospecting programs.
{"title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing study of the structurally-controlled Zn mineralization in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia","authors":"Anna Sorrentino, Saeid Asadzadeh, Giovanni Camanni, Francesco Carotenuto, Sabine Chabrillat, Sarah A. Gleeson, Giuseppina Balassone, Nicola Mondillo","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01407-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01407-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigate Zn mineralization in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, using hyperspectral data from the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) satellite instrument to explore the spatial relationships between ore zones, hydrothermal alteration zones, and fault systems. Zinc mineralization in this area is hosted in Lower Cambrian lithologies and contains significant willemite, fraipontite, and Zn-phosphates, associated with extensive hematite- and dolomite-bearing hydrothermal alteration. Alteration mineral maps, showing relative abundance and compositional variations, were generated by applying a multiple-feature extraction methodology based on polynomial fitting and band ratios. Ground-truthing was conducted through laboratory spectroscopy and mineralogical-petrographic methods. This approach enabled the mapping of Fe oxy-hydroxides (i.e., hematite and goethite), carbonate minerals (i.e., dolomite and calcite), and dioctahedral phyllosilicates (i.e., white micas and kaolinite). It also successfully identified and mapped the ore mineral fraipontite based on its absorption feature at ~ 2260 nm. Multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning of the EnMAP imagery highlighted the co-occurrence of hematite, dolomite, and fraipontite in mineralized zones, making this assemblage a potential indicator for regional exploration of similar deposits. The study also revealed the controlling effects of fault structures on mineralization and the associated alteration haloes, with mineralized zones confined to fault-bounded rock volumes, predominantly located at intersections between interacting faults or in the proximity of lateral fault terminations. Overall, this work provides new insights into the spectral behavior of Zn-bearing minerals and demonstrates the effectiveness of hyperspectral sensing for characterizing oxidized Zn mineralization during regional prospecting programs.","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01408-1
Petr L. Tikhomirov, Nailya G. Rizvanova, Gennady O. Polzunenkov, Vyacheslav V. Akinin
{"title":"Cassiterite U-Pb (ID-TIMS) age constraints on the timing of tin mineralization in the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, Chukotka area, Russian Far East","authors":"Petr L. Tikhomirov, Nailya G. Rizvanova, Gennady O. Polzunenkov, Vyacheslav V. Akinin","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01408-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01408-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01409-0
Paul Duuring, Stephen M. Rowins, Bradley S. M. McKinley, Jenni M. Dickinson, Larry J. Diakow, Young-Seog Kim, Robert A. Creaser
{"title":"Correction to: Examining potential genetic links between Jurassic porphyry Cu–Au ± Mo and epithermal Au ± Ag mineralization in the Toodoggone district of North-Central British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Paul Duuring, Stephen M. Rowins, Bradley S. M. McKinley, Jenni M. Dickinson, Larry J. Diakow, Young-Seog Kim, Robert A. Creaser","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01409-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01409-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01395-3
Hartwig E. Frimmel, Wyatt E.L. Minter, Anton P. le Roex, Jason Kirk
The predominantly siliciclastic, up to 2.8 km thick Palaeoproterozoic Roraima Supergroup in the Guiana Shield, cropping out in the border region of Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil, bears many sedimentological similarities to the 2.90–2.79 Ga Central Rand Group in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa, world-famous for hosting the largest known concentration of gold. Many decades of artisanal mining of gold (and diamonds) derived from the Roraima Supergroup underscore its economic potential. To assess this, an extensive exploration programme was conducted, involving 61 boreholes, some of which have reached the pre-Roraima basement. Detailed sedimentological, stratigraphic, petrological, geochemical and geochronological analyses of the drill cores led to a new informal lithostratigraphic scheme for this supergroup. Its lower part (1958 ± 19 to 1901 ± 1 Ma), for which a continental foreland basin is suggested as depositional setting, contains numerous sequence boundaries in the form of erosion surfaces, several of which with gold palaeoplacer potential (Au grades and contents of up to 3.8 g/t and 135 cm.g/t). The source of detrital gold (micro-)nuggets in alluvial fan and braided fluvial conglomerates within that succession can be traced back to eroded orogenic-type gold deposits in the 2.21–2.06 Ga Transamazonian granitoid-greenstone belt to the northeast. Overall, our results attest a significant potential for discovery of Witwatersrand-type gold deposits. Their expected Au endowment would be smaller, however, because of the younger age and inferred gold source - comparable with the Palaeoproterozoic Tarkwa deposits in Ghana.
{"title":"Gold potential of the Roraima Supergroup in Guyana","authors":"Hartwig E. Frimmel, Wyatt E.L. Minter, Anton P. le Roex, Jason Kirk","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01395-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01395-3","url":null,"abstract":"The predominantly siliciclastic, up to 2.8 km thick Palaeoproterozoic Roraima Supergroup in the Guiana Shield, cropping out in the border region of Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil, bears many sedimentological similarities to the 2.90–2.79 Ga Central Rand Group in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa, world-famous for hosting the largest known concentration of gold. Many decades of artisanal mining of gold (and diamonds) derived from the Roraima Supergroup underscore its economic potential. To assess this, an extensive exploration programme was conducted, involving 61 boreholes, some of which have reached the pre-Roraima basement. Detailed sedimentological, stratigraphic, petrological, geochemical and geochronological analyses of the drill cores led to a new informal lithostratigraphic scheme for this supergroup. Its lower part (1958 ± 19 to 1901 ± 1 Ma), for which a continental foreland basin is suggested as depositional setting, contains numerous sequence boundaries in the form of erosion surfaces, several of which with gold palaeoplacer potential (Au grades and contents of up to 3.8 g/t and 135 cm.g/t). The source of detrital gold (micro-)nuggets in alluvial fan and braided fluvial conglomerates within that succession can be traced back to eroded orogenic-type gold deposits in the 2.21–2.06 Ga Transamazonian granitoid-greenstone belt to the northeast. Overall, our results attest a significant potential for discovery of Witwatersrand-type gold deposits. Their expected Au endowment would be smaller, however, because of the younger age and inferred gold source - comparable with the Palaeoproterozoic Tarkwa deposits in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01398-0
Chao Yang, Jamie J. Wilkinson
{"title":"Formation of giant high-grade hypogene porphyry copper deposits during phyllic to advanced argillic alteration: textural evidence from automated SEM mapping at the resolution and Hugo Dummett North deposits","authors":"Chao Yang, Jamie J. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01398-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01398-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01405-4
Gao-Hua Fan, Jian-Wei Li, Paul T. Robinson, Kai-Xuan Hui, Xiao-Dong Deng, Wen-Sheng Gao, Jin-Hao Liu, Hang-Jin Jiang
{"title":"Magmatic control on the formation of the Diaoquan Ag-(Cu-Au) skarn deposit in the eastern North China Craton as revealed by zircon, apatite and sulfides","authors":"Gao-Hua Fan, Jian-Wei Li, Paul T. Robinson, Kai-Xuan Hui, Xiao-Dong Deng, Wen-Sheng Gao, Jin-Hao Liu, Hang-Jin Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01405-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01405-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1007/s00126-025-01390-8
Robert Dunst, Iain Pitcairn, Nils F. Jansson, Alexander Lewerentz, Andreas Karlsson, Xuan Liu
Ore-distal hydrothermal alteration zones are commonly suggested as a source of metals to ore-forming fluids. The Bergslagen ore district, Sweden exhibits extensive ore-proximal and ore-distal alterations and has been used as a typical locality for establishing the hydrothermal leaching model for volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The ore-distal alteration in the region has been reported as depleted in ore-forming metals but robust mass change evaluations are lacking. Defining least-altered reference compositions is a major hurdle in Bergslagen due to compositional variation in the stratigraphy, extensive alteration, and high-grade metamorphic overprint. This study presents mass balance calculations for Na- and Mg-altered rocks in the Hällefors area using a set of systematically defined least-altered samples. Results show systematic mobility of light rare earth elements (LREE, here La-Eu; e.g., 80% of the Ce is mobilised during alteration which equates to 60 µg/g Ce), but no mobility of base metals. Precursor rock compositions have conspicuously low base metal concentrations (median: Zn 10 µg/g, Pb 2.5 µg/g; n = 13) compared to other volcanic centres in Bergslagen. Major base metal deposits occur in areas where least-altered volcanic rocks have higher base metal concentrations (e.g., Garpenberg; median: Zn 31.50 µg/g; Pb 11.75 µg/g; n = 10). The REE contents in least-altered rocks are relatively elevated in areas that host REE mineralisation such as the Riddarhyttan area. The results indicate that regional differences in metal fertility of the volcanic host succession may be a primary control on the metal enrichments, including REEs, occurring in the ore deposits throughout Bergslagen.
成矿远端热液蚀变带通常被认为是成矿流体的金属来源。瑞典Bergslagen矿区显示出广泛的矿近端和矿远端蚀变，并被用作建立火山块状硫化物（VMS）矿床热液浸出模型的典型地点。据报道，该地区的矿端蚀变已耗尽成矿金属，但缺乏可靠的质量变化评价。由于地层成分的变化、广泛的蚀变和高变质叠印，确定最小蚀变参考成分是Bergslagen的一个主要障碍。本研究使用一组系统定义的最小蚀变样品，对Hällefors地区的钠和镁蚀变岩石进行了质量平衡计算。结果表明，轻稀土元素（LREE，这里是La-Eu）有系统的迁移，例如，80%的Ce在蚀变过程中被迁移，相当于60µg/g Ce)，但贱金属没有迁移。与伯格斯拉根其他火山中心相比，前体岩石成分的贱金属浓度明显较低（中位数：Zn 10µg/g， Pb 2.5µg/g, n = 13）。主要贱金属矿床产于蚀变最小的火山岩中贱金属浓度较高的地区（如Garpenberg；中位数：Zn 31.50µg/g; Pb 11.75µg/g; n = 10）。在Riddarhyttan等稀土矿化区，最小蚀变岩中稀土元素含量相对较高。结果表明，火山宿主序列金属富集的区域差异可能是控制贝格斯拉根整个矿床中金属（包括稀土）富集的主要因素。
{"title":"Element mobility during regional hydrothermal sodium and magnesium alteration: implications for ore formation in the Bergslagen ore district, Sweden","authors":"Robert Dunst, Iain Pitcairn, Nils F. Jansson, Alexander Lewerentz, Andreas Karlsson, Xuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01390-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01390-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ore-distal hydrothermal alteration zones are commonly suggested as a source of metals to ore-forming fluids. The Bergslagen ore district, Sweden exhibits extensive ore-proximal and ore-distal alterations and has been used as a typical locality for establishing the hydrothermal leaching model for volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The ore-distal alteration in the region has been reported as depleted in ore-forming metals but robust mass change evaluations are lacking. Defining least-altered reference compositions is a major hurdle in Bergslagen due to compositional variation in the stratigraphy, extensive alteration, and high-grade metamorphic overprint. This study presents mass balance calculations for Na- and Mg-altered rocks in the Hällefors area using a set of systematically defined least-altered samples. Results show systematic mobility of light rare earth elements (LREE, here La-Eu; e.g., 80% of the Ce is mobilised during alteration which equates to 60 µg/g Ce), but no mobility of base metals. Precursor rock compositions have conspicuously low base metal concentrations (median: Zn 10 µg/g, Pb 2.5 µg/g; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 13) compared to other volcanic centres in Bergslagen. Major base metal deposits occur in areas where least-altered volcanic rocks have higher base metal concentrations (e.g., Garpenberg; median: Zn 31.50 µg/g; Pb 11.75 µg/g; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10). The REE contents in least-altered rocks are relatively elevated in areas that host REE mineralisation such as the Riddarhyttan area. The results indicate that regional differences in metal fertility of the volcanic host succession may be a primary control on the metal enrichments, including REEs, occurring in the ore deposits throughout Bergslagen.","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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