Shaimaa M M Saleh, Souzan Abdel-Zaher, Mahmoud S Mohamed, Alaa El-Din H Sayed
Microplastics (MPs) are small pieces of plastic that are widely distributed in the environment and accumulate within living organisms, so they are the most common types of pollutants at the present time. One of the most widespread types of MP in the environment is polyethylene (PE) MPs. There have been many published studies on the effect of PE MPs combined with other pollutants or chemicals such as benzoanthracene, emamectin benzoate, heavy metals and 4-nonylphenol, on some marine, amphibian, and mouse models. However, research has rarely been conducted on how single-use PE MPs affect the ileum of mammals. The current study is focused on the impact of PE MP exposure with different concentration (6, 60, 600 μg/mL PE/MPs) for 15 days, followed by 15 days of recovery on small intestine(ileum) of C57BL/6 murine model with precision and detail at the cell level by using different technique (histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscope). Results demonstrated that the intestinal tissue exhibited nuclear pyknosis, villus deformation, shortness of villi, degeneration of lamina propria, hyperplasia of goblet cells, increase of goblet cells secretion, Alcian blue and Periodic acid-Schiff stain positivity of intact goblet cells, highly significance of P53 immunoreaction expression specially in high concentrations (600 μg/day of PE/MPs) and Ki-67 immunoreaction expression. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Different doses of microplastics (MPs) induced sever morphological alternations and clinical observations. MPs were deposits in cells and were observed in ultrastructure study. Recovery period able to ameliorate to the most extent the alternations caused by MPs administration.
{"title":"Microplastics induced ileum damage: Morphological and immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Shaimaa M M Saleh, Souzan Abdel-Zaher, Mahmoud S Mohamed, Alaa El-Din H Sayed","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are small pieces of plastic that are widely distributed in the environment and accumulate within living organisms, so they are the most common types of pollutants at the present time. One of the most widespread types of MP in the environment is polyethylene (PE) MPs. There have been many published studies on the effect of PE MPs combined with other pollutants or chemicals such as benzoanthracene, emamectin benzoate, heavy metals and 4-nonylphenol, on some marine, amphibian, and mouse models. However, research has rarely been conducted on how single-use PE MPs affect the ileum of mammals. The current study is focused on the impact of PE MP exposure with different concentration (6, 60, 600 μg/mL PE/MPs) for 15 days, followed by 15 days of recovery on small intestine(ileum) of C57BL/6 murine model with precision and detail at the cell level by using different technique (histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscope). Results demonstrated that the intestinal tissue exhibited nuclear pyknosis, villus deformation, shortness of villi, degeneration of lamina propria, hyperplasia of goblet cells, increase of goblet cells secretion, Alcian blue and Periodic acid-Schiff stain positivity of intact goblet cells, highly significance of P53 immunoreaction expression specially in high concentrations (600 μg/day of PE/MPs) and Ki-67 immunoreaction expression. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Different doses of microplastics (MPs) induced sever morphological alternations and clinical observations. MPs were deposits in cells and were observed in ultrastructure study. Recovery period able to ameliorate to the most extent the alternations caused by MPs administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cássia Campanhol Lemes, Andressa Germano da Silva, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Andréa Cristina de Moraes Malinverni
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has revolutionized molecular cytogenetic analysis since the 1980s, enabling precise localization of DNA sequences in cells and tissues. Despite its relevance, applying FISH to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples encounters significant technical challenges. This review addresses the main issues encountered in this context, such as inadequate fixation, contamination, block and slide age, inadequate pretreatment, and FISH technique. Proposed solutions include optimized pretreatment protocols, monitoring of blockage, careful selection of probes, and thorough analysis of results. Implementing good laboratory practices and quality control strategies are essential to ensure reliable results. Additionally, the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital pathology offers new perspectives for improving the efficiency and accuracy of FISH in FFPE samples. This review highlights the importance of a careful and personalized approach to overcome the technical challenges associated with FISH in FFPE samples, strengthening its role in research and clinical diagnosis. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Few FISH studies on FFPE: The scarcity of studies specifically addressing FISH applications in FFPE tissues highlights a critical gap in the literature. Troubleshooting FISH in FFPE tissues: Identifying and addressing common challenges in FISH techniques when applied to FFPE samples, such as signal quality and hybridization efficiency. Critical aspects of FISH technique: Discuss the main technical considerations crucial for successful FISH in FFPE tissues, including sample preparation, probe selection, and protocol optimization.
自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，荧光原位杂交（FISH）使细胞和组织中 DNA 序列的精确定位成为可能，从而彻底改变了分子细胞遗传学分析。尽管荧光原位杂交具有重要意义，但在福尔马林固定石蜡包埋（FFPE）组织样本中应用荧光原位杂交会遇到重大的技术挑战。这篇综述探讨了在这种情况下遇到的主要问题，如固定不充分、污染、区块和载玻片年龄、预处理不充分以及 FISH 技术。提出的解决方案包括优化预处理方案、监测阻塞情况、谨慎选择探针以及对结果进行全面分析。实施良好的实验室规范和质量控制策略对确保结果可靠至关重要。此外，人工智能和数字病理学等新兴技术的使用为提高 FFPE 样品中 FISH 的效率和准确性提供了新的视角。本综述强调了采用谨慎和个性化的方法克服 FFPE 样本中 FISH 相关技术挑战的重要性，从而加强其在研究和临床诊断中的作用。研究亮点：关于 FFPE 的 FISH 研究很少：专门针对 FISH 在 FFPE 组织中的应用的研究很少，这凸显了文献中的一个重要空白。解决 FFPE 组织中的 FISH 问题：确定并解决 FISH 技术应用于 FFPE 样本时的常见问题，如信号质量和杂交效率。FISH 技术的关键方面：讨论在 FFPE 组织中成功进行 FISH 的主要技术考虑因素，包括样本制备、探针选择和方案优化。
{"title":"Challenges and solutions in FISH for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue: A scoping review.","authors":"Cássia Campanhol Lemes, Andressa Germano da Silva, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Andréa Cristina de Moraes Malinverni","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has revolutionized molecular cytogenetic analysis since the 1980s, enabling precise localization of DNA sequences in cells and tissues. Despite its relevance, applying FISH to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples encounters significant technical challenges. This review addresses the main issues encountered in this context, such as inadequate fixation, contamination, block and slide age, inadequate pretreatment, and FISH technique. Proposed solutions include optimized pretreatment protocols, monitoring of blockage, careful selection of probes, and thorough analysis of results. Implementing good laboratory practices and quality control strategies are essential to ensure reliable results. Additionally, the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital pathology offers new perspectives for improving the efficiency and accuracy of FISH in FFPE samples. This review highlights the importance of a careful and personalized approach to overcome the technical challenges associated with FISH in FFPE samples, strengthening its role in research and clinical diagnosis. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Few FISH studies on FFPE: The scarcity of studies specifically addressing FISH applications in FFPE tissues highlights a critical gap in the literature. Troubleshooting FISH in FFPE tissues: Identifying and addressing common challenges in FISH techniques when applied to FFPE samples, such as signal quality and hybridization efficiency. Critical aspects of FISH technique: Discuss the main technical considerations crucial for successful FISH in FFPE tissues, including sample preparation, probe selection, and protocol optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Priyadarshini,S Ahamed Ali,K Sivanandam,Manjunathan Alagarsamy
Lung cancer is the most common causes of death among all cancer-related diseases. A lung scan examination of the patient is the primary diagnostic technique. This scan analysis pertains to an MRI, CT, or X-ray. The automated classification of lung cancer is difficult due to the involvement of multiple steps in imaging patients' lungs. In this manuscript, human lung cancer classification and comprehensive analysis using different machine learning techniques is proposed. Initially, the input images are gathered using lung cancer dataset. The proposed method processes these images using image-processing techniques, and further machine learning techniques are utilized for categorization. Seven different classifiers including the k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), multinomial naive Bayes (MNB), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), random forest (RF), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier are used, which classifies the lung cancer as malignant and benign. The performance of the proposed approach is examined using performances metrics, like positive predictive value, accuracy, sensitivity, and f-score are evaluated. Among them, the performance of the MLP classifier provides 25.34%, 45.39%, 15.39%, 41.28%, 22.17%, and 12.12% higher accuracy than other KNN, SVM, DT, MNB, SGD, and RF respectively. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Imaging (MRI, CT, and X-ray) aids diagnosis. Automated classification of lung cancer faces challenges due to complex imaging steps. This study proposes human lung cancer classification using diverse machine learning techniques. Input images from lung cancer dataset undergo image processing and machine learning. Classifiers like k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, decision tree, multinomial naive Bayes, stochastic gradient descent, random forest, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classify cancer types; MLP excels in accuracy.
肺癌是所有癌症相关疾病中最常见的致死原因。对患者进行肺部扫描检查是主要的诊断技术。这种扫描分析与核磁共振成像、CT 或 X 光有关。由于患者肺部成像涉及多个步骤，因此很难对肺癌进行自动分类。本手稿提出了使用不同机器学习技术对人类肺癌进行分类和综合分析的方法。首先，利用肺癌数据集收集输入图像。提出的方法利用图像处理技术处理这些图像，并进一步利用机器学习技术进行分类。使用了七种不同的分类器，包括 k-近邻（KNN）、支持向量机（SVM）、决策树（DT）、多项式天真贝叶斯（MNB）、随机梯度下降（SGD）、随机森林（RF）和多层感知器（MLP）分类器，将肺癌分为恶性和良性。我们使用正预测值、准确率、灵敏度和 f 分数等性能指标对所提出方法的性能进行了评估。其中，MLP 分类器的准确率分别比其他 KNN、SVM、DT、MNB、SGD 和 RF 高 25.34%、45.39%、15.39%、41.28%、22.17% 和 12.12%。研究亮点肺癌是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。成像（MRI、CT 和 X 光）有助于诊断。由于成像步骤复杂，肺癌的自动分类面临挑战。本研究提出使用多种机器学习技术对人类肺癌进行分类。肺癌数据集的输入图像经过图像处理和机器学习。k-nearest neighbors、支持向量机、决策树、多项式天真贝叶斯、随机梯度下降、随机森林和多层感知器（MLP）等分类器可对癌症类型进行分类；其中 MLP 的准确率最高。
{"title":"Human lung cancer classification and comprehensive analysis using different machine learning techniques.","authors":"K Priyadarshini,S Ahamed Ali,K Sivanandam,Manjunathan Alagarsamy","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24682","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is the most common causes of death among all cancer-related diseases. A lung scan examination of the patient is the primary diagnostic technique. This scan analysis pertains to an MRI, CT, or X-ray. The automated classification of lung cancer is difficult due to the involvement of multiple steps in imaging patients' lungs. In this manuscript, human lung cancer classification and comprehensive analysis using different machine learning techniques is proposed. Initially, the input images are gathered using lung cancer dataset. The proposed method processes these images using image-processing techniques, and further machine learning techniques are utilized for categorization. Seven different classifiers including the k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), multinomial naive Bayes (MNB), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), random forest (RF), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier are used, which classifies the lung cancer as malignant and benign. The performance of the proposed approach is examined using performances metrics, like positive predictive value, accuracy, sensitivity, and f-score are evaluated. Among them, the performance of the MLP classifier provides 25.34%, 45.39%, 15.39%, 41.28%, 22.17%, and 12.12% higher accuracy than other KNN, SVM, DT, MNB, SGD, and RF respectively. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Imaging (MRI, CT, and X-ray) aids diagnosis. Automated classification of lung cancer faces challenges due to complex imaging steps. This study proposes human lung cancer classification using diverse machine learning techniques. Input images from lung cancer dataset undergo image processing and machine learning. Classifiers like k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, decision tree, multinomial naive Bayes, stochastic gradient descent, random forest, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classify cancer types; MLP excels in accuracy.","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lucas Nascimento Tavares, Isadora Aparecida Ribeiro Reis, William W. Brackett, Rafael Rocha Pacheco, Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo
The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and simple method of evaluating the crystal length and crystalline content of lithium disilicate dental ceramics using images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH) processing software. Three evaluators with varying experience levels assessed the average crystal length and percentage of crystalline content in four commercial lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic materials: IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rosetta SM (Hass), T‐Lithium (Talmax), and IRIS CAD (Tianjin). The specimens, prepared from partially crystallized CAD/CAM blocks (3.0 mm3), were fully crystallized and treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s prior to SEM analysis. After acquiring the SEM images, ImageJ software was used to evaluate the average crystal length and crystalline content on the surface of the different ceramics. An inter‐operator agreement was observed (ICC/p = 0.724), indicating that assessments by the various operators were similar across all ceramic materials tested (p < 0.001). When crystal length and crystalline content were compared, IRIS CAD exhibited significant differences compared to the other materials (p < 0.001), showing a less dense crystalline matrix based on the average length of crystals and the percentage of crystals per unit area. The use of this software facilitated the evaluation of crystalline content and average crystal lengths in dental ceramics using SEM images, and demonstrated very low variability among different operators.Research HighlightsThe described method, using ImageJ open‐source software, provides precise and reliable measurements of crystal length and crystalline content in lithium disilicate ceramics, with high inter‐operator agreement.The proposed method identified higher crystalline content in IPS e.max CAD compared to Rosetta SM CAD and T‐lithium CAD ceramics, while IRIS CAD exhibited significantly lower crystalline content and larger average crystal length.The novel, simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content presented in this study may also be useful for evaluating other dental ceramics.
{"title":"A novel simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content in dental ceramics","authors":"Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lucas Nascimento Tavares, Isadora Aparecida Ribeiro Reis, William W. Brackett, Rafael Rocha Pacheco, Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24700","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and simple method of evaluating the crystal length and crystalline content of lithium disilicate dental ceramics using images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH) processing software. Three evaluators with varying experience levels assessed the average crystal length and percentage of crystalline content in four commercial lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic materials: IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rosetta SM (Hass), T‐Lithium (Talmax), and IRIS CAD (Tianjin). The specimens, prepared from partially crystallized CAD/CAM blocks (3.0 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>), were fully crystallized and treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s prior to SEM analysis. After acquiring the SEM images, ImageJ software was used to evaluate the average crystal length and crystalline content on the surface of the different ceramics. An inter‐operator agreement was observed (ICC/<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.724), indicating that assessments by the various operators were similar across all ceramic materials tested (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). When crystal length and crystalline content were compared, IRIS CAD exhibited significant differences compared to the other materials (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001), showing a less dense crystalline matrix based on the average length of crystals and the percentage of crystals per unit area. The use of this software facilitated the evaluation of crystalline content and average crystal lengths in dental ceramics using SEM images, and demonstrated very low variability among different operators.Research Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The described method, using ImageJ open‐source software, provides precise and reliable measurements of crystal length and crystalline content in lithium disilicate ceramics, with high inter‐operator agreement.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The proposed method identified higher crystalline content in IPS e.max CAD compared to Rosetta SM CAD and T‐lithium CAD ceramics, while IRIS CAD exhibited significantly lower crystalline content and larger average crystal length.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The novel, simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content presented in this study may also be useful for evaluating other dental ceramics.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salem Almoammar, Abdullah A. Alnazeh, Muhammad Abdullah Kamran, Mohammed Mohsen Al Jearah, Muhammad Qasim, Anshad M. Abdulla
To assess micro‐tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), microleakage (ML) antibacterial efficacy, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel with different concentrations of photoactivated riboflavin‐doped hydroxyapatite (HA) nanospheres (NS) (0%,1%,5% and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF alone in orthodontic adhesive. Samples were included on the predefined inclusion criteria and positioned up to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Hydroxy apatite nanospheres (HANS) commercially bought were doped with RF. Surface characterization of HANS and RF‐doped HANS were assessed along with EDX analysis. Samples were grouped based on experimental orthodontic adhesive modification. Group 1: Transbond XT no modification, Group 2: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF, Group 3: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 1% HANS, Group 4: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt % RF‐doped 5% HANS and Group 5: Experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HANS. Brackets were placed based on different adhesive modifications and samples underwent thermocycling. Samples were evaluated for μTBS, DC, and ML. The type of failure was assessed using ARI. Adhesive modified and un‐modified in four different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF only were used to test efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). The survival rate of S.mutans and ML was determined using the Kruskal–Wallis Test. For the analysis of μTBS, ANOVA was employed, followed by a post‐hoc Tukey HSD multiple comparisons test. The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HANS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC. Photoactivated RF‐doped HANS in 1% and 0.5 wt% Riboflavin alone in orthodontic adhesive for metallic bracket bonding improved micro tensile bond strength, ML, DC, and antibacterial scores.Research HighlightsThe highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only.The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HA‐NS.Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC
{"title":"Photoactivated riboflavin‐doped hydroxy apatite nanospheres infiltered in orthodontic adhesives","authors":"Salem Almoammar, Abdullah A. Alnazeh, Muhammad Abdullah Kamran, Mohammed Mohsen Al Jearah, Muhammad Qasim, Anshad M. Abdulla","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24687","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>To assess micro‐tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), microleakage (ML) antibacterial efficacy, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel with different concentrations of photoactivated riboflavin‐doped hydroxyapatite (HA) nanospheres (NS) (0%,1%,5% and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF alone in orthodontic adhesive. Samples were included on the predefined inclusion criteria and positioned up to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Hydroxy apatite nanospheres (HANS) commercially bought were doped with RF. Surface characterization of HANS and RF‐doped HANS were assessed along with EDX analysis. Samples were grouped based on experimental orthodontic adhesive modification. Group 1: Transbond XT no modification, Group 2: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF, Group 3: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 1% HANS, Group 4: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt % RF‐doped 5% HANS and Group 5: Experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HANS. Brackets were placed based on different adhesive modifications and samples underwent thermocycling. Samples were evaluated for μTBS, DC, and ML. The type of failure was assessed using ARI. Adhesive modified and un‐modified in four different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF only were used to test efficacy against <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S.mutans</jats:italic>). The survival rate of <jats:italic>S.mutans</jats:italic> and ML was determined using the Kruskal–Wallis Test. For the analysis of μTBS, ANOVA was employed, followed by a post‐hoc Tukey HSD multiple comparisons test. The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HANS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of <jats:italic>S.mutans</jats:italic> and DC. Photoactivated RF‐doped HANS in 1% and 0.5 wt% Riboflavin alone in orthodontic adhesive for metallic bracket bonding improved micro tensile bond strength, ML, DC, and antibacterial scores.Research Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF‐doped 10% HA‐NS.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of <jats:italic>S.mutans</jats:italic> and DC</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragonflies are some of the most stable and maneuverable flying organisms. To explore the mechanism of how dragonfly leading edges enhance flight lift, this article conducts a detailed study on the leading edge veins and the microstructures on them of dragonfly wings. Observations have discovered the special leading edge vein and the regularly distributed microstructures on the leading edge vein. A biomimetic model has been established, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis has been conducted on the biomimetic model. The analysis explores the effects of microstructure characteristics, distribution patterns, and positions on the aerodynamic characteristics of dragonfly gliding. The analysis shows that the leading edge structure influences the incoming flow, simultaneously promotes the formation of the leading edge vortex (LEV), and increases the lift‐to‐drag ratio by up to 4%. A wing prototype featuring biomimetic microstructures is subsequently fabricated and tested in wind tunnel experiments. Compared with a control group without leading edge structures, the airflow passing through the biomimetic structures is influenced by the shape and arrangement of these structures. The smoother transition of the leading edge vein's shape facilitates the flow of air. The microstructures primarily filter and accelerate the airflow. The spacing of the microstructures affects the stability of the airflow, thereby influencing aerodynamic performance. Additionally, the middle‐row arrangement of microstructures is more beneficial for gliding conditions, while the upper‐row arrangement is more advantageous for flapping conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of insect wings and advance micro aerial vehicle applications.Research HighlightsThis study observed the leading‐edge veins and microstructures of dragonfly wings in detail. Using a biomimetic model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, it was found that these leading‐edge structures promote the formation of leading‐edge vortices (LEV), increasing the lift‐to‐drag ratio by up to 4%. Wind tunnel experiments demonstrated that wings with biomimetic microstructures significantly improved airflow smoothness and lift compared with control wings. Additionally, the arrangement of microstructures greatly affects airflow stability and aerodynamic performance, with middle‐row arrangements being more beneficial for gliding and upper‐row arrangements for flapping conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of insect wings and provide innovative guidance for designing efficient micro aerial vehicles.
{"title":"Research on the aerodynamic characteristics of dragonfly leading edge","authors":"Yanjuan Hu, Chengyu Zhu, Qiang Liu, Duanyi Zhu, Jiaheng Xue, Qiang Li, Xiaoqin Zhou","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24693","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Dragonflies are some of the most stable and maneuverable flying organisms. To explore the mechanism of how dragonfly leading edges enhance flight lift, this article conducts a detailed study on the leading edge veins and the microstructures on them of dragonfly wings. Observations have discovered the special leading edge vein and the regularly distributed microstructures on the leading edge vein. A biomimetic model has been established, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis has been conducted on the biomimetic model. The analysis explores the effects of microstructure characteristics, distribution patterns, and positions on the aerodynamic characteristics of dragonfly gliding. The analysis shows that the leading edge structure influences the incoming flow, simultaneously promotes the formation of the leading edge vortex (LEV), and increases the lift‐to‐drag ratio by up to 4%. A wing prototype featuring biomimetic microstructures is subsequently fabricated and tested in wind tunnel experiments. Compared with a control group without leading edge structures, the airflow passing through the biomimetic structures is influenced by the shape and arrangement of these structures. The smoother transition of the leading edge vein's shape facilitates the flow of air. The microstructures primarily filter and accelerate the airflow. The spacing of the microstructures affects the stability of the airflow, thereby influencing aerodynamic performance. Additionally, the middle‐row arrangement of microstructures is more beneficial for gliding conditions, while the upper‐row arrangement is more advantageous for flapping conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of insect wings and advance micro aerial vehicle applications.Research HighlightsThis study observed the leading‐edge veins and microstructures of dragonfly wings in detail. Using a biomimetic model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, it was found that these leading‐edge structures promote the formation of leading‐edge vortices (LEV), increasing the lift‐to‐drag ratio by up to 4%. Wind tunnel experiments demonstrated that wings with biomimetic microstructures significantly improved airflow smoothness and lift compared with control wings. Additionally, the arrangement of microstructures greatly affects airflow stability and aerodynamic performance, with middle‐row arrangements being more beneficial for gliding and upper‐row arrangements for flapping conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of insect wings and provide innovative guidance for designing efficient micro aerial vehicles.","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liver cells are the basic functional unit of the liver. However, repeated or sustained injury leads to structural disorders of liver lobules, proliferation of fibrous tissue and changes in structure, thus increasing scar tissue. Cellular fibrosis affects tissue stiffness, shear force, and other cellular mechanical forces. Mechanical force characteristics can serve as important indicators of cell damage and cirrhosis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used to study cell surface mechanics. However, characterization of the deep mechanical properties inside liver cells remains an underdeveloped field. In this work, cell nanoindentation was combined with finite element analysis to simulate and analyze the mechanical responses of liver cells at different depths in vitro and their internal responses and stress diffusion distributions after being subjected to normal stress. The sensitivities of the visco‐hyperelastic parameters of the finite element model to the effects of the peak force and equilibrium force were compared. The force curves of alcohol‐damaged liver cells at different depths were measured and compared with those of undamaged liver cells. The inverse analysis method was used to simulate the finite element model in vitro. Changes in the parameters of the cell model after injury were explored and analyzed, and their potential for characterizing hepatocellular injury and related treatments was evaluated.Research HighlightsThis study aims to establish an in vitro hyperelastic model of liver cells and analyze the mechanical changes of cells in vitro.An analysis method combining finite element analysis model and nanoindentation was used to obtain the key parameters of the model.The multi‐depth mechanical differences and internal structural changes of injured liver cells were analyzed.
{"title":"Multidepth quantitative analysis of liver cell viscoelastic properties: Fusion of nanoindentation and finite element modeling techniques","authors":"Yi Zeng, Xianping Liu, Zuobin Wang, Wei Gao, Shengli Zhang, Ying Wang, Yunqing Liu, Haiyue Yu","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24697","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Liver cells are the basic functional unit of the liver. However, repeated or sustained injury leads to structural disorders of liver lobules, proliferation of fibrous tissue and changes in structure, thus increasing scar tissue. Cellular fibrosis affects tissue stiffness, shear force, and other cellular mechanical forces. Mechanical force characteristics can serve as important indicators of cell damage and cirrhosis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used to study cell surface mechanics. However, characterization of the deep mechanical properties inside liver cells remains an underdeveloped field. In this work, cell nanoindentation was combined with finite element analysis to simulate and analyze the mechanical responses of liver cells at different depths in vitro and their internal responses and stress diffusion distributions after being subjected to normal stress. The sensitivities of the visco‐hyperelastic parameters of the finite element model to the effects of the peak force and equilibrium force were compared. The force curves of alcohol‐damaged liver cells at different depths were measured and compared with those of undamaged liver cells. The inverse analysis method was used to simulate the finite element model in vitro. Changes in the parameters of the cell model after injury were explored and analyzed, and their potential for characterizing hepatocellular injury and related treatments was evaluated.Research Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>This study aims to establish an in vitro hyperelastic model of liver cells and analyze the mechanical changes of cells in vitro.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>An analysis method combining finite element analysis model and nanoindentation was used to obtain the key parameters of the model.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The multi‐depth mechanical differences and internal structural changes of injured liver cells were analyzed.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RETRACTION: S. Shaheen, J. Sharifi‐Rad, M. Ali, Z. Shamim, B. Rasool, M. Ashfaq, H. Mukhtar, N. Harun, U. Hanif and R. Siddique, “Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy‐based Foliar Morpho‐Anatomical Comparison of Selected Family Rosaceae Members Distributed in District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan,” Microscopy Research and Technique 85, no. 4 (2022): 1597–1610, https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24021.The above article, published online on 09 December 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Alberto Diaspro; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed due to duplications observed within the image presented in Figure 1r. Further duplications were also observed between Figures 2d and 2q, 2h and 2r and between 2i and 2s. The authors admit that they made mistakes during the preparation of the figures and provided some original data. However, due to the nature and extent of the errors, the editors have lost confidence in the results and conclusions of this study.
{"title":"RETRACTION: Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy‐based Foliar Morpho‐Anatomical Comparison of Selected Family Rosaceae Members Distributed in District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24694","url":null,"abstract":"RETRACTION: S. Shaheen, J. Sharifi‐Rad, M. Ali, Z. Shamim, B. Rasool, M. Ashfaq, H. Mukhtar, N. Harun, U. Hanif and R. Siddique, “Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy‐based Foliar Morpho‐Anatomical Comparison of Selected Family Rosaceae Members Distributed in District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan,” <jats:italic>Microscopy Research and Technique</jats:italic> 85, no. 4 (2022): 1597–1610, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24021\">https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24021</jats:ext-link>.The above article, published online on 09 December 2021 in Wiley Online Library (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http://wileyonlinelibrary.com\">wileyonlinelibrary.com</jats:ext-link>), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Alberto Diaspro; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed due to duplications observed within the image presented in Figure 1r. Further duplications were also observed between Figures 2d and 2q, 2h and 2r and between 2i and 2s. The authors admit that they made mistakes during the preparation of the figures and provided some original data. However, due to the nature and extent of the errors, the editors have lost confidence in the results and conclusions of this study.","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingliang Zhang, Raquel Lima E Silva, Lingli Zhou, Sean F Hackett, Peter A Campochiaro, Jikui Shen
The development of new treatments for ocular diseases often requires investigating eyes similar in size and structure to human eyes. Such studies are challenging because analyzing the histopathology of large, human-sized eyes can be technically difficult. In particular, obtaining high-quality frozen sections is almost impossible due to the formation of ice crystals in the vitreous, which causes crush artifacts during the procedures of section and post sectioning manipulations. Herein, we describe a new method that provides high-quality frozen sections for large eyes and demonstrate its usefulness in the eyes of rabbits, pigs, minipigs, monkeys, and humans. We observed that artifactual separation of the photoreceptors from the retinal pigment epithelium is minimized and photoreceptor morphology is preserved. This method can be highly beneficial for investigators seeking to translate new treatments for ocular disease into the clinic. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Histopathological analysis of large and human-sized eyes presents significant challenges, particularly in obtaining high-quality frozen sections. A multistep fixation followed by vitreous removal and replacement ensures better cryopreservation and embedding of large eyes, minimizing the morphological and structural retinal loss found in many studies. Our results demonstrate that a multistep fixation and cryopreservation method for large eyes in histopathology consistently minimizes the artifactual separation of photoreceptors from the retinal pigment epithelium, thereby preserving photoreceptor morphology and providing high-quality frozen sections. A new method providing high-quality sections is necessary and will be highly useful for investigators aiming to translate new treatments for ocular diseases into clinical applications.
{"title":"Improved protocol for histological and histopathological preparation of large eyes.","authors":"Mingliang Zhang, Raquel Lima E Silva, Lingli Zhou, Sean F Hackett, Peter A Campochiaro, Jikui Shen","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of new treatments for ocular diseases often requires investigating eyes similar in size and structure to human eyes. Such studies are challenging because analyzing the histopathology of large, human-sized eyes can be technically difficult. In particular, obtaining high-quality frozen sections is almost impossible due to the formation of ice crystals in the vitreous, which causes crush artifacts during the procedures of section and post sectioning manipulations. Herein, we describe a new method that provides high-quality frozen sections for large eyes and demonstrate its usefulness in the eyes of rabbits, pigs, minipigs, monkeys, and humans. We observed that artifactual separation of the photoreceptors from the retinal pigment epithelium is minimized and photoreceptor morphology is preserved. This method can be highly beneficial for investigators seeking to translate new treatments for ocular disease into the clinic. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Histopathological analysis of large and human-sized eyes presents significant challenges, particularly in obtaining high-quality frozen sections. A multistep fixation followed by vitreous removal and replacement ensures better cryopreservation and embedding of large eyes, minimizing the morphological and structural retinal loss found in many studies. Our results demonstrate that a multistep fixation and cryopreservation method for large eyes in histopathology consistently minimizes the artifactual separation of photoreceptors from the retinal pigment epithelium, thereby preserving photoreceptor morphology and providing high-quality frozen sections. A new method providing high-quality sections is necessary and will be highly useful for investigators aiming to translate new treatments for ocular diseases into clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant-based derivatives is getting attention for biological applications because of their small dimensions and shape. In this study, AgNPs were prepared using leaf extract of Argyrolobium roseum (A. roseum) (Camb.) Jaub. & Spach. and then characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectrum displayed a absorption peak at 450 nm and x-ray diffraction depicted a crystalline nature of biogenic NPs. FTIR analysis showed various functional groups involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs while SEM revealed the spherical form of synthesized AgNPs. The antibacterial assay was conducted using disc diffusion assay and highest inhibition zones were recorded against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) (9.6 ± 0.5 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (8.6 ± 0.5 mm). The antioxidant potential was assessed via DPPH scavenging assay and highest percentage inhibition (89%) was observed at 100 μg/mL. Subsequently, different concentrations of A. roseum AgNPs were applied on the wheat seedlings to investigate its effects on different growth parameters. After applying AgNPs, significant increase in the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), leaf number (LN) and chlorophyll content (CC) in wheat (Akbar-2019 variety) seedlings was observed in comparison to the control seedlings. Overall, A. roseum mediated synthesis of AgNPs was cost-effective and safe and can be used in agriculture, biomedical and other fields. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Synthesis and characterization of A. roseum AgNPs was done. Biogenic AgNPs revealed potent antibacterial and antioxidant potential. A. roseum mediated AgNPs also increases the growth and germination of wheat seedlings.
{"title":"Biological potential of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach mediated silver nanoparticles and their effect on the growth of wheat seeds.","authors":"Arooj Muneer, Wasim Akhtar, Memoona Samad, Sadia Zafar, Iram Fatima, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi, Razia Kalsoom, Amir Shahbaz","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant-based derivatives is getting attention for biological applications because of their small dimensions and shape. In this study, AgNPs were prepared using leaf extract of Argyrolobium roseum (A. roseum) (Camb.) Jaub. & Spach. and then characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectrum displayed a absorption peak at 450 nm and x-ray diffraction depicted a crystalline nature of biogenic NPs. FTIR analysis showed various functional groups involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs while SEM revealed the spherical form of synthesized AgNPs. The antibacterial assay was conducted using disc diffusion assay and highest inhibition zones were recorded against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) (9.6 ± 0.5 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (8.6 ± 0.5 mm). The antioxidant potential was assessed via DPPH scavenging assay and highest percentage inhibition (89%) was observed at 100 μg/mL. Subsequently, different concentrations of A. roseum AgNPs were applied on the wheat seedlings to investigate its effects on different growth parameters. After applying AgNPs, significant increase in the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), leaf number (LN) and chlorophyll content (CC) in wheat (Akbar-2019 variety) seedlings was observed in comparison to the control seedlings. Overall, A. roseum mediated synthesis of AgNPs was cost-effective and safe and can be used in agriculture, biomedical and other fields. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Synthesis and characterization of A. roseum AgNPs was done. Biogenic AgNPs revealed potent antibacterial and antioxidant potential. A. roseum mediated AgNPs also increases the growth and germination of wheat seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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