Liye Mei, Chentao Lian, Suyang Han, Shuangtong Jin, Jing He, Lan Dong, Hongzhu Wang, Hui Shen, Cheng Lei, Bei Xiong
Leukemia is a hematological malignancy that significantly impacts the human immune system. Early detection helps to effectively manage and treat cancer. Although deep learning techniques hold promise for early detection of blood disorders, their effectiveness is often limited by the physical constraints of available datasets and deployed devices. For this investigation, we collect an excellent-quality dataset of 17,826 morphological bone marrow cell images from 85 patients with lymphoproliferative neoplasms. We employ a progressive shrinking approach, which integrates a comprehensive pruning technique across multiple dimensions, including width, depth, resolution, and kernel size, to train our lightweight model. The proposed model achieves rapid identification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other bone marrow cell types with an accuracy of 92.51% and a throughput of 111 slides per second, while comprising only 6.4 million parameters. This model significantly contributes to leukemia diagnosis, particularly in the rapid and accurate identification of lymphatic system diseases, and provides potential opportunities to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of medical experts in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphocytic leukemia.
{"title":"High-Accuracy and Lightweight Image Classification Network for Optimizing Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosisy.","authors":"Liye Mei, Chentao Lian, Suyang Han, Shuangtong Jin, Jing He, Lan Dong, Hongzhu Wang, Hui Shen, Cheng Lei, Bei Xiong","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leukemia is a hematological malignancy that significantly impacts the human immune system. Early detection helps to effectively manage and treat cancer. Although deep learning techniques hold promise for early detection of blood disorders, their effectiveness is often limited by the physical constraints of available datasets and deployed devices. For this investigation, we collect an excellent-quality dataset of 17,826 morphological bone marrow cell images from 85 patients with lymphoproliferative neoplasms. We employ a progressive shrinking approach, which integrates a comprehensive pruning technique across multiple dimensions, including width, depth, resolution, and kernel size, to train our lightweight model. The proposed model achieves rapid identification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other bone marrow cell types with an accuracy of 92.51% and a throughput of 111 slides per second, while comprising only 6.4 million parameters. This model significantly contributes to leukemia diagnosis, particularly in the rapid and accurate identification of lymphatic system diseases, and provides potential opportunities to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of medical experts in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphocytic leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last 30 years, several mosquito-borne diseases have spread worldwide, threatening human and animal health, including lymphatic filariasis. Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health issue in tropical regions like Saudi Arabia, caused by parasitic worms. The parasitic worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus. Cx. quinquefasciatus is a potential vector for various arboviruses like encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, along with protozoa like Plasmodium relictum that cause bird malaria. With the increasing number of mosquito species, there is an increased need for additional species identification. More attention is being directed to the immature stage, specifically the pupae, due to their valuable characteristics for species identification. Cx. quinquefaciatus, one of the nine Culicine species found in Saudi Arabia, lacks a complete description of its pupal stage and only has partial descriptions of other developmental stages, making identification challenging. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Cx. quinquefaciatus pupae, focusing on the cephalothorax, trumpet, abdomen, paddle, and genital lobes, as well as the distribution and arrangement of setal branching and chaetotaxy. The pupae were collected from Qaryat Al Ulya Governorate, Eastern region, KSA, and maintained in a Biology Laboratory at the University of Hafr Al Batin from September to October 2022. The findings of this study have provided the essential characteristics regarding the distinguishing features of Cx. quinquefaciatus pupae to distinguish it from other closely related species. This identification could assist field entomologists in enhancing their efficiency by classifying mosquitoes during virus outbreaks.
{"title":"Morphological Characterization of Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Pupae in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abeer S Yamany, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last 30 years, several mosquito-borne diseases have spread worldwide, threatening human and animal health, including lymphatic filariasis. Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health issue in tropical regions like Saudi Arabia, caused by parasitic worms. The parasitic worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus. Cx. quinquefasciatus is a potential vector for various arboviruses like encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, along with protozoa like Plasmodium relictum that cause bird malaria. With the increasing number of mosquito species, there is an increased need for additional species identification. More attention is being directed to the immature stage, specifically the pupae, due to their valuable characteristics for species identification. Cx. quinquefaciatus, one of the nine Culicine species found in Saudi Arabia, lacks a complete description of its pupal stage and only has partial descriptions of other developmental stages, making identification challenging. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Cx. quinquefaciatus pupae, focusing on the cephalothorax, trumpet, abdomen, paddle, and genital lobes, as well as the distribution and arrangement of setal branching and chaetotaxy. The pupae were collected from Qaryat Al Ulya Governorate, Eastern region, KSA, and maintained in a Biology Laboratory at the University of Hafr Al Batin from September to October 2022. The findings of this study have provided the essential characteristics regarding the distinguishing features of Cx. quinquefaciatus pupae to distinguish it from other closely related species. This identification could assist field entomologists in enhancing their efficiency by classifying mosquitoes during virus outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-space disinfectants methylene blue loaded with silver (Ag) and Quartz nanoparticles (NPs) and MB alone activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the survival of Enterococcus faecalis, smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of fiber posts to canal dentin. Hundred mandibular premolars underwent root canal treatment using the rotary ProTaper system. The canals were obturated and post-space was prepared up to a length of 8 mm, maintaining a 5 mm seal. To assess antibacterial efficacy E. faecalis were inoculated in the canal (n = 20). The samples were then randomly allocated into four groups according to the canal disinfectant used to sterilize the canals. Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA, Group 2: MB-PDT, Group 3: MB@QP-PDT, and Group 4: MB@AgNP-PDT (n = 25). SEM analysis was conducted on five samples from each disinfectant group to assess the removal of the SL. Survival rates were calculated (n = 5 from each group). Glass fiber post (GFP) was cemented to the root dentin of the remaining samples followed by artificial aging. Sectioning of the specimens was performed in all three-thirds of the canals. PBS was assessed followed by failure evaluation. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to compare the E. faecalis survival rate and PBS of fiber post among different investigated groups. Group 4 (MB@AgNP-PDT) treated canals exhibited the minimum survival rate (0.30 ± 0.04 CFU/mL) of E. faecalis and maximum PBS. However, the highest survival rate and minimum bond strength of GFP were observed in Group 1 (NaOCl+17% EDTA) and Group 2 (MB-PDT) treated teeth respectively. The highest SL removal was recorded in the coronal section of the samples of Group-4 disinfected with MB@AgNP-PDT. The lowest removal of SL was recorded in Group 2 samples sterilized with MB-PDT at apical one-third. Silver nanoparticles when utilized as nano-carriers to enhance the efficiency of MB activated by PDT, have been shown to exhibit the highest antimicrobial potency, improved capacity for SL removal and improved PBS.
{"title":"Post-Space Disinfectants With Sodium Hypochlorite and Methylene Blue Loaded in Silver and Quartz Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy. A SEM Analysis.","authors":"Fahad Alkhudhairy, Yasser F AlFawaz","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-space disinfectants methylene blue loaded with silver (Ag) and Quartz nanoparticles (NPs) and MB alone activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the survival of Enterococcus faecalis, smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of fiber posts to canal dentin. Hundred mandibular premolars underwent root canal treatment using the rotary ProTaper system. The canals were obturated and post-space was prepared up to a length of 8 mm, maintaining a 5 mm seal. To assess antibacterial efficacy E. faecalis were inoculated in the canal (n = 20). The samples were then randomly allocated into four groups according to the canal disinfectant used to sterilize the canals. Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA, Group 2: MB-PDT, Group 3: MB@QP-PDT, and Group 4: MB@AgNP-PDT (n = 25). SEM analysis was conducted on five samples from each disinfectant group to assess the removal of the SL. Survival rates were calculated (n = 5 from each group). Glass fiber post (GFP) was cemented to the root dentin of the remaining samples followed by artificial aging. Sectioning of the specimens was performed in all three-thirds of the canals. PBS was assessed followed by failure evaluation. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to compare the E. faecalis survival rate and PBS of fiber post among different investigated groups. Group 4 (MB@AgNP-PDT) treated canals exhibited the minimum survival rate (0.30 ± 0.04 CFU/mL) of E. faecalis and maximum PBS. However, the highest survival rate and minimum bond strength of GFP were observed in Group 1 (NaOCl+17% EDTA) and Group 2 (MB-PDT) treated teeth respectively. The highest SL removal was recorded in the coronal section of the samples of Group-4 disinfected with MB@AgNP-PDT. The lowest removal of SL was recorded in Group 2 samples sterilized with MB-PDT at apical one-third. Silver nanoparticles when utilized as nano-carriers to enhance the efficiency of MB activated by PDT, have been shown to exhibit the highest antimicrobial potency, improved capacity for SL removal and improved PBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>In the present investigation, nutlet morphological and micro-morphological characters were analyzed using Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in 38 taxa under 13 genera from the sub-family Cyperoideae of Cyperaceae to find out whether these characters are taxonomically important or not. Nutlet morphology and surface characters of the representative taxa from all the possible tribes under the sub-family Cyperoideae namely, Fuireneae, Cypereae, Cariceae, Abildgaardieae, Eleocharideae, Pseudoschoeneae, Schoenoplecteae, and Sclerieae were evaluated for their taxonomic significance. Cluster analysis was employed considering nutlet morphological characters to determine the overall similarity among the taxa based on 153 character states. Except in few specified cases, grouping of the taxa in the clusters is in accordance to the taxonomic treatments made by recent Cyperologists. Nutlets in the tribe Abildgaardieae showed maximum level of variability in size, shape, and surface ornamentation at the level of higher taxon, but showed specificity at the species level. Tuberculate, striate-reticulate, and transversely wavy ridged surface ornamentations were found in different species of Fimbristylis. Previously described cryptic variation, and effect of different ploidy level were not reflected in nutlet surface morphology and micromorphology in Fimbristylis dichotoma and F. ovata complexes which was previously made the taxa taxonomically very difficult. Serrulate anticlinal wall in F. bisumbellata was the most unique in Fimbristylis. Species under the megadiverse genus Carex representing the tribe Cariceae showed very unique type of surface ornamentation. Surface walls of all the studied species of Carex were characterized by polygonal epidermal cells with single conical silica body (2-3 per cell in C. speciosa) of variable length and sizes. Most interestingly, in C. nubigena, presence of the central silica body and peripheral satellites was not consistent. Based on the presence and absence, two different variants under the species were identified. In C. nubigena, when silica body was present, epidermal cells were characterized by central conical silica body surrounded by variable number of satellites. The present investigation first time reports this novel nutlet surface character in C. nubigena. Among the studied characters, length and height of conical, height of apex, and width of apex are variable among Carex species. On the other hand, exclusion of the genera Schoenoplectiella and Schoenoplectus from tribe Scirpeae s.l. and placement under the tribes Pseudoschoeneae and Schoenoplecteae (respectively) was also supported by the present investigation. The present study also confirms that nutlet morphological and micro-morphological characters are useful in identification and arrangement of different taxa under the subfamily Cyperoideae of Cyperaceae. Result of the present investigation was correlated and discussed in compara
本研究使用光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了香柏亚科香柏属 13 个属 38 个分类群的小坚果形态和微形态特征,以确定这些特征在分类学上是否重要。对香柏亚科下所有可能属(Fuireneae、Cypereae、Cariceae、Abildgaardieae、Eleocharideae、Pseudoschoeneae、Schoenoplecteae 和 Sclerieae)中具有代表性类群的小坚果形态和表面特征进行了评估,以确定其分类学意义。聚类分析考虑了小坚果的形态特征,根据 153 个特征状态确定类群之间的总体相似性。除少数特殊情况外,聚类中分类群的分组与近代桧柏学家所做的分类处理一致。Abildgaardieae 支系中的小坚果在大小、形状和表面装饰方面的变异程度在高分类群中最高,但在种一级则表现出特异性。在 Fimbristylis 的不同物种中发现了瘤状、条状网状和横向波浪状脊状表面装饰。在 Fimbristylis dichotoma 和 F. ovata 复合体中,之前描述的隐性变异和不同倍性水平的影响没有反映在小坚果表面形态和微形态中,这使得分类学上的分类非常困难。在 Fimbristylis 中,F. bisumbellata 的有细锯齿的顶壁最为独特。代表石蒜科(Cariceae)的薹草属(Carex)下的物种显示出非常独特的表面装饰类型。所有被研究的薹草属物种的表壁都是多角形表皮细胞,带有长度和大小不一的单个圆锥形硅体(在 C. speciosa 中每个细胞有 2-3 个硅体)。最有趣的是,在 C. nubigena 中,中央硅体和外围卫星体的存在并不一致。根据存在和不存在的情况,确定了该物种的两个不同变种。在 C. nubigena 中,当硅胶体存在时,表皮细胞的特征是中心圆锥形硅胶体被数量不等的卫星体包围。本研究首次报道了 C. nubigena 的这种新型小坚果表面特征。在所研究的特征中,圆锥体的长度和高度、先端的高度和先端的宽度在 Carex 种类之间存在差异。另一方面,本研究还支持将 Schoenoplectiella 属和 Schoenoplectus 属排除在 Scirpeae s.l. 族之外,并分别归入 Pseudoschoeneae 族和 Schoenoplecteae 族。本研究还证实,小坚果形态特征和微形态特征有助于鉴定和排列香柏科香柏亚科下的不同类群。本研究的结果与近期的研究结果进行了比较和讨论。
{"title":"Light Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Techniques to Characterize Nutlets of Some Indian Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae) and Their Taxonomic Significance.","authors":"Subrata Majumder, Pooja Rajak, Vikram Kr Das, Usha Das, Asima Mandal, Asok Ghosh","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present investigation, nutlet morphological and micro-morphological characters were analyzed using Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in 38 taxa under 13 genera from the sub-family Cyperoideae of Cyperaceae to find out whether these characters are taxonomically important or not. Nutlet morphology and surface characters of the representative taxa from all the possible tribes under the sub-family Cyperoideae namely, Fuireneae, Cypereae, Cariceae, Abildgaardieae, Eleocharideae, Pseudoschoeneae, Schoenoplecteae, and Sclerieae were evaluated for their taxonomic significance. Cluster analysis was employed considering nutlet morphological characters to determine the overall similarity among the taxa based on 153 character states. Except in few specified cases, grouping of the taxa in the clusters is in accordance to the taxonomic treatments made by recent Cyperologists. Nutlets in the tribe Abildgaardieae showed maximum level of variability in size, shape, and surface ornamentation at the level of higher taxon, but showed specificity at the species level. Tuberculate, striate-reticulate, and transversely wavy ridged surface ornamentations were found in different species of Fimbristylis. Previously described cryptic variation, and effect of different ploidy level were not reflected in nutlet surface morphology and micromorphology in Fimbristylis dichotoma and F. ovata complexes which was previously made the taxa taxonomically very difficult. Serrulate anticlinal wall in F. bisumbellata was the most unique in Fimbristylis. Species under the megadiverse genus Carex representing the tribe Cariceae showed very unique type of surface ornamentation. Surface walls of all the studied species of Carex were characterized by polygonal epidermal cells with single conical silica body (2-3 per cell in C. speciosa) of variable length and sizes. Most interestingly, in C. nubigena, presence of the central silica body and peripheral satellites was not consistent. Based on the presence and absence, two different variants under the species were identified. In C. nubigena, when silica body was present, epidermal cells were characterized by central conical silica body surrounded by variable number of satellites. The present investigation first time reports this novel nutlet surface character in C. nubigena. Among the studied characters, length and height of conical, height of apex, and width of apex are variable among Carex species. On the other hand, exclusion of the genera Schoenoplectiella and Schoenoplectus from tribe Scirpeae s.l. and placement under the tribes Pseudoschoeneae and Schoenoplecteae (respectively) was also supported by the present investigation. The present study also confirms that nutlet morphological and micro-morphological characters are useful in identification and arrangement of different taxa under the subfamily Cyperoideae of Cyperaceae. Result of the present investigation was correlated and discussed in compara","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schizogenous secretory canal is an important functional structure of Angelica dahurica var. formosana, which is the main part of the accumulation of essential oil, coumarin and other components. The developmental process of secretory tissue and the accumulation of components are closely related. Meanwhile, programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in the development of plant secretory tissues, which is usually associated with autophagy. However, there are fewer studies involving PCD and autophagy with the development of schizogenous secretory canal. This study aims to provide new data on the development of schizogenous secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana. Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to reveal the cytological characteristics of secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana roots at different developmental stages. PCD and autophagy signals during the developmental process were detected using techniques such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) detection, propidium iodide (PI) staining, and immunofluorescent labeling. The results showed that the walls of secretory cells were intact during the development of schizogenous secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana roots. Mature secretory cells showed high vacuolization and accumulated a large number of essential oils. Meanwhile, we also observed significant ultrastructural features of PCD and autophagy during the developmental process. The signal detection results indicated that PCD and autophagy were jointly involved in the development of schizogenous secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana roots, and caspase-3-like protease may act as an upstream signal and participate in PCD.
裂殖分泌管是白芷的重要功能结构,是精油、香豆素等成分积累的主要部位。分泌组织的发育过程与成分的积累密切相关。同时,程序性细胞死亡(PCD)在植物分泌组织的发育过程中起着重要作用,通常与自噬有关。然而,涉及 PCD 和自噬与裂殖分泌管发育的研究较少。本研究旨在为 A. dahurica var.研究采用光镜和透射电子显微镜揭示了A. dahurica var.利用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记(TUNEL)检测、碘化丙啶(PI)染色和免疫荧光标记等技术检测了发育过程中的 PCD 和自噬信号。结果表明,在白花蛇舌草变种的分生分泌管发育过程中,分泌细胞壁是完整的。成熟的分泌细胞呈现高度空泡化,并积累了大量的精油。同时,我们还观察到发育过程中出现了明显的 PCD 和自噬超微结构特征。信号检测结果表明,PCD和自噬共同参与了A. dahurica var. formosana根裂殖分泌管的发育过程,而类caspase-3蛋白酶可能作为上游信号参与了PCD。
{"title":"Involvement of Programmed Cell Death and Autophagy on Schizogenous Secretory Canal Formation in Angelica dahurica var. formosana Root.","authors":"Jiahui Yang, Boyuan Li, Yue Qin, Jing Gao, Xiaofei Zhang, Xinjie Yang, Gang Zhang, Yonggang Yan, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizogenous secretory canal is an important functional structure of Angelica dahurica var. formosana, which is the main part of the accumulation of essential oil, coumarin and other components. The developmental process of secretory tissue and the accumulation of components are closely related. Meanwhile, programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in the development of plant secretory tissues, which is usually associated with autophagy. However, there are fewer studies involving PCD and autophagy with the development of schizogenous secretory canal. This study aims to provide new data on the development of schizogenous secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana. Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to reveal the cytological characteristics of secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana roots at different developmental stages. PCD and autophagy signals during the developmental process were detected using techniques such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) detection, propidium iodide (PI) staining, and immunofluorescent labeling. The results showed that the walls of secretory cells were intact during the development of schizogenous secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana roots. Mature secretory cells showed high vacuolization and accumulated a large number of essential oils. Meanwhile, we also observed significant ultrastructural features of PCD and autophagy during the developmental process. The signal detection results indicated that PCD and autophagy were jointly involved in the development of schizogenous secretory canal in A. dahurica var. formosana roots, and caspase-3-like protease may act as an upstream signal and participate in PCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiago Oliveira Condé, Adriano Francis Dorigan, Silvino Intra Moreira, Patricia Ricardino da Silveira, Eduardo Alves
Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata populations was reported in Brazil for the first time in 2019, in São Paulo orchards, and the mutation G143A in cytochrome b (cytb) was found in resistant isolates. Our study investigated the infectious process, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fungal cell death in resistant (QoI-R) and sensitive (QoI-S) A. alternata pathotype tangerine (Aapt) isolates. Morphological characterization of Aapt isolates was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Alternaria brown spot (ABS) symptoms were produced by Aapt isolates on tangelo cv. BRS Piemonte. Germination of QoI-R conidia and production of germ tubes on tangelo leaflets treated with 100 μg mL-1 of pyraclostrobin 18 h after inoculation (hai) was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the same time, QoI-S conidial germination was inhibited on tangelo leaflets treated with pyraclostrobin. ROS production and cell death in Aapt isolates at high fungicide concentrations were observed using CLSM. QoI-S conidia exhibited high ROS production, indicating high oxidative stress. When dyed with propidium iodate (PI), QoI-S conidia emitted red fluorescence, showing cell death and confirming their sensitive phenotype. In contrast, QoI-R conidia neither produced ROS nor exhibited red fluorescence, indicating no cell death and confirming their resistant phenotype. Therefore, our findings evidence that microscopic techniques may help characterize events during fungi-plant interactions, ROS production, cell death, and Aapt phenotypes resistant and sensitive to QoIs using fluorometric protocols.
{"title":"Microscopic Characterization of the Infectious Process, ROS Production, and Fungi Cellular Death of Alternaria alternata on Tangerine Resistant to QoIs.","authors":"Thiago Oliveira Condé, Adriano Francis Dorigan, Silvino Intra Moreira, Patricia Ricardino da Silveira, Eduardo Alves","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata populations was reported in Brazil for the first time in 2019, in São Paulo orchards, and the mutation G143A in cytochrome b (cytb) was found in resistant isolates. Our study investigated the infectious process, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fungal cell death in resistant (QoI-R) and sensitive (QoI-S) A. alternata pathotype tangerine (Aapt) isolates. Morphological characterization of Aapt isolates was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Alternaria brown spot (ABS) symptoms were produced by Aapt isolates on tangelo cv. BRS Piemonte. Germination of QoI-R conidia and production of germ tubes on tangelo leaflets treated with 100 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> of pyraclostrobin 18 h after inoculation (hai) was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the same time, QoI-S conidial germination was inhibited on tangelo leaflets treated with pyraclostrobin. ROS production and cell death in Aapt isolates at high fungicide concentrations were observed using CLSM. QoI-S conidia exhibited high ROS production, indicating high oxidative stress. When dyed with propidium iodate (PI), QoI-S conidia emitted red fluorescence, showing cell death and confirming their sensitive phenotype. In contrast, QoI-R conidia neither produced ROS nor exhibited red fluorescence, indicating no cell death and confirming their resistant phenotype. Therefore, our findings evidence that microscopic techniques may help characterize events during fungi-plant interactions, ROS production, cell death, and Aapt phenotypes resistant and sensitive to QoIs using fluorometric protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanaz Vatani, Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard, Rasool Khodabakhshian
Given the paramount importance of agricultural products in global health and food security, and the increasing consumer demand, understanding the mechanical behavior of these materials under various conditions is necessary yet challenging. Due to their heterogeneous and non-uniform nature, determining their mechanical behavior is complex. This study employs atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the modulus of elasticity of limequat fruit at the microscopic scale and compares it with macroscopic methods. The analyses revealed a statistically significant difference (at the 1% level) in the mechanical behavior determined at the macroscopic scale. The highest modulus of elasticity, 0.752 MPa, was observed using Hertz's theory under complete placement between two parallel planes. The lowest, 0.059 MPa, was noted when a spherical probe compressed a rectangular sample. The average modulus of elasticity of the limequat peel was 2.007 MPa. At the microscopic scale, the modulus of elasticity of the fruit tissue ranged from 0.370 to 0.365 MPa, and for the peel, it was 0.246 MPa. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Working principles of this innovative technique were elaborated. The AFM technique used provide elasto-mechanical properties determination of cell walls of single living cells extracted from biological materials on the nanoscale. By combining AFM topographical image and nano-indentation of living fruit cells it will be possible to investigate cells' elasto-mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy holds great potential for monitoring fruit mechanical properties of biological materials.
{"title":"Macroscopic and microscopic investigations of determining elasto-mechanical properties of limequat fruit.","authors":"Sanaz Vatani, Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard, Rasool Khodabakhshian","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the paramount importance of agricultural products in global health and food security, and the increasing consumer demand, understanding the mechanical behavior of these materials under various conditions is necessary yet challenging. Due to their heterogeneous and non-uniform nature, determining their mechanical behavior is complex. This study employs atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the modulus of elasticity of limequat fruit at the microscopic scale and compares it with macroscopic methods. The analyses revealed a statistically significant difference (at the 1% level) in the mechanical behavior determined at the macroscopic scale. The highest modulus of elasticity, 0.752 MPa, was observed using Hertz's theory under complete placement between two parallel planes. The lowest, 0.059 MPa, was noted when a spherical probe compressed a rectangular sample. The average modulus of elasticity of the limequat peel was 2.007 MPa. At the microscopic scale, the modulus of elasticity of the fruit tissue ranged from 0.370 to 0.365 MPa, and for the peel, it was 0.246 MPa. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Working principles of this innovative technique were elaborated. The AFM technique used provide elasto-mechanical properties determination of cell walls of single living cells extracted from biological materials on the nanoscale. By combining AFM topographical image and nano-indentation of living fruit cells it will be possible to investigate cells' elasto-mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy holds great potential for monitoring fruit mechanical properties of biological materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents an enhanced segmentation methodology for the accurate detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in blood smear images. The proposed approach integrates color correction techniques with HSV color space segmentation to improve white blood cell analysis. Our method addresses common challenges in microscopic image processing, including sensor nonlinearity, uneven illumination, and color distortions. The key objectives of this study are to develop a robust preprocessing pipeline that normalizes blood smear images for consistent analysis, implement an HSV-based segmentation technique optimized for leukocyte detection, and validate the method's effectiveness across various ALL subtypes using clinical samples. The proposed technique was evaluated using real-world blood smear samples from ALL patients. Quantitative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in segmentation accuracy compared to traditional methods. Our approach shows strong capability in reliably detecting and segmenting ALL subtypes, offering the potential for enhanced diagnostic support in clinical settings.
本文介绍了一种增强型分割方法,用于准确检测血液涂片图像中的急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)。所提出的方法将色彩校正技术与 HSV 色彩空间分割技术相结合,以改进白细胞分析。我们的方法解决了显微图像处理中常见的难题,包括传感器非线性、光照不均和色彩失真。本研究的主要目标是开发一种稳健的预处理管道,对血液涂片图像进行归一化处理,以实现一致的分析;实施一种基于 HSV 的分割技术,该技术针对白细胞检测进行了优化;利用临床样本验证该方法在各种 ALL 亚型中的有效性。我们使用来自 ALL 患者的真实血涂片样本对所提出的技术进行了评估。定量分析结果表明,与传统方法相比,我们的方法显著提高了分割准确性。我们的方法在可靠地检测和分割 ALL 亚型方面显示出强大的能力,为增强临床诊断支持提供了潜力。
{"title":"Fusion of Color Correction and HSV Segmentation Techniques for Automated Segmentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.","authors":"F E Al-Tahhan, Emam Omar","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents an enhanced segmentation methodology for the accurate detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in blood smear images. The proposed approach integrates color correction techniques with HSV color space segmentation to improve white blood cell analysis. Our method addresses common challenges in microscopic image processing, including sensor nonlinearity, uneven illumination, and color distortions. The key objectives of this study are to develop a robust preprocessing pipeline that normalizes blood smear images for consistent analysis, implement an HSV-based segmentation technique optimized for leukocyte detection, and validate the method's effectiveness across various ALL subtypes using clinical samples. The proposed technique was evaluated using real-world blood smear samples from ALL patients. Quantitative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in segmentation accuracy compared to traditional methods. Our approach shows strong capability in reliably detecting and segmenting ALL subtypes, offering the potential for enhanced diagnostic support in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rishum Khan, Muhammad Tariq Qamar, Hina Abid, Irfan Haider, Ammar Zidan, Ali Bahadur, Shahid Iqbal, Sajid Mahmood, Mohammed T Alotaibi, Toheed Akhter
PVC nanocomposite (NC) films with cubic CeO2 and Ni-doped CeO2 (NDC) have been prepared using a conventional solution-casting technique. The prepared films were characterized with FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and TGA/DSC. The optical study revealed a decrease in optical band gap energies (4.19 to 4.06 eV) whereas the increase in other optical constraints such as optical conductivity, Urbach energy, dispersion energy, refractive index, and dielectric constant of PVC NCs than pristine PVC was observed. The XRD patterns showed the presence of cubic crystalline NDC with a relatively narrower principal diffraction peak in the PVC matrix and the nonexistence of unexpected vibrational peaks in the FTIR spectra of PVC NCs confirmed the successful incorporation of nanostructured CeO2 and NDC into PVC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the higher thermal stability of NDC/PVC NC than PVC whereas differential scanning calorimetry declared no significant change in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the NCs. Moreover, a good dispersion of Ni-doped CeO2 nanofiller was noticed in scanning electron micrographs.
{"title":"The Investigation of Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of Nickel Doped CeO<sub>2</sub> Integrated PVC Nanocomposite.","authors":"Rishum Khan, Muhammad Tariq Qamar, Hina Abid, Irfan Haider, Ammar Zidan, Ali Bahadur, Shahid Iqbal, Sajid Mahmood, Mohammed T Alotaibi, Toheed Akhter","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PVC nanocomposite (NC) films with cubic CeO<sub>2</sub> and Ni-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> (NDC) have been prepared using a conventional solution-casting technique. The prepared films were characterized with FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical and thermal properties of the films were evaluated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and TGA/DSC. The optical study revealed a decrease in optical band gap energies (4.19 to 4.06 eV) whereas the increase in other optical constraints such as optical conductivity, Urbach energy, dispersion energy, refractive index, and dielectric constant of PVC NCs than pristine PVC was observed. The XRD patterns showed the presence of cubic crystalline NDC with a relatively narrower principal diffraction peak in the PVC matrix and the nonexistence of unexpected vibrational peaks in the FTIR spectra of PVC NCs confirmed the successful incorporation of nanostructured CeO<sub>2</sub> and NDC into PVC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the higher thermal stability of NDC/PVC NC than PVC whereas differential scanning calorimetry declared no significant change in the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) of the NCs. Moreover, a good dispersion of Ni-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> nanofiller was noticed in scanning electron micrographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine the biogenic production, characterization, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AAChE) properties of polyherbal formulation PHF-extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles (PHF-AgNPs). The Elapidae snake Bungarus sindanus has extremely dangerous venom for humans and contains a high amount of AChE (acetylcholinesterase). Inhibiting AChE leads to acetylcholine buildup, affecting neurotransmission. The study tested silver nanoparticles as AChE inhibitors using kinetics. Their production was confirmed through ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry at 425 nm (SPR peak of 1.94), and stabilizing functional groups were identified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average length of 20 nm was confirmed by analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) identified silver as the primary component of PHF-AgNPs (26%). Statistical analysis showed that the activity of AChE in krait venom decreased by up to 45% and 37% at a given dose of ACh (0.5 mM) by PHF and AgNPs, respectively. Utilizing the Lineweaver-Burk plot for kinetic analysis, a competitive type of inhibition is found. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Successfully synthesized PHF-extract-induced silver nanoparticles (PHF-AgNPs) demonstrated through UV spectrometry and characterized as crystalline with an average size of 45 nm by X-ray diffraction. PHF-AgNPs effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme critical in neurotransmission, reducing its activity in krait venom by up to 45% at certain concentrations. Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition mechanism of AChE by PHF-AgNPs is competitive, offering potential for therapeutic applications in neurologically related conditions.
{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs via polyherbal formulation: Mechanistic neutralization and toxicological impact on acetylcholinesterase from Bungarus sindanus venom.","authors":"Noshaba Afshin, Nadia Mushtaq, Mushtaq Ahmed, Naila Sher, Sadeq K Alhag, Fatma Mohamed Ameen Khalil, Laila A Al-Shuraym, Hajra Hameed, Farhad Badshah, Riaz Hussain","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine the biogenic production, characterization, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AAChE) properties of polyherbal formulation PHF-extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles (PHF-AgNPs). The Elapidae snake Bungarus sindanus has extremely dangerous venom for humans and contains a high amount of AChE (acetylcholinesterase). Inhibiting AChE leads to acetylcholine buildup, affecting neurotransmission. The study tested silver nanoparticles as AChE inhibitors using kinetics. Their production was confirmed through ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry at 425 nm (SPR peak of 1.94), and stabilizing functional groups were identified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average length of 20 nm was confirmed by analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) identified silver as the primary component of PHF-AgNPs (26%). Statistical analysis showed that the activity of AChE in krait venom decreased by up to 45% and 37% at a given dose of ACh (0.5 mM) by PHF and AgNPs, respectively. Utilizing the Lineweaver-Burk plot for kinetic analysis, a competitive type of inhibition is found. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Successfully synthesized PHF-extract-induced silver nanoparticles (PHF-AgNPs) demonstrated through UV spectrometry and characterized as crystalline with an average size of 45 nm by X-ray diffraction. PHF-AgNPs effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme critical in neurotransmission, reducing its activity in krait venom by up to 45% at certain concentrations. Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition mechanism of AChE by PHF-AgNPs is competitive, offering potential for therapeutic applications in neurologically related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}