Military Psychology最新文献

This study examines the moderating role of occupational self-efficacy and psychological ownership on the nexus between authentic leadership and knowledge sharing behavior of military officers in Ghana. A sample of 382 respondents completed an online questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings show that authentic leadership positively influences knowledge sharing behavior of security officers, while occupational self-efficacy and psychological ownership enhance the positive effects of authentic leadership on security officers' sharing behavior. The findings of the study suggest organizations, especially in the context of the military, should invest in developing the authentic leadership quality of officers, enhance their occupational self-efficacy and fostering a sense of psychological ownership among military officers to enhance their knowledge sharing capabilities.

A simulation was conducted to examine the decision making of 102 high-ranking police and military commanders (male/female = 88/12, mean years of employment = 22.15) engaged in a simulated hybrid attack on Norway. Four 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA tests were performed, with two groups (police, military) and three phases (peace, war, and post-conflict) as independent variables. The decision tasks of force posture and mission urgency, along with Subject Matter Expert (SME) ratings of decision-making performance, served as dependent variables. By using social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, the analysis demonstrated within-group effects indicating how the transition from peace to war caused more offensive postures, higher urgency levels, and increased performance in wartime. Between-group differences were also found, illustrating that police commanders had higher levels of urgency than military commanders in general. Regarding force posture, within-group differences were only found in the post-conflict phase, when police commanders returned to pre-war levels, while military commanders showed less offensive postures than in peacetime. No significant between-group differences were found in decision-making performance. The analysis demonstrated new empirical findings about how crisis management is impacted by change and the backgrounds of those in charge. The findings have implications for designing interagency frameworks that improve police-military interoperability in collaborative efforts.

Defense and Security Personnel (DSP) often have to operate in the presence of stressful demands. Prior research has identified factors and processes associated with DSP being able to perform resiliently in demanding situations and settings. The aim of the present study was to develop a resilient performance training programme for UK defense and security operators. An intervention mapping (IM) method was used to guide the development of the programme. Typically, IM follows six sequential phases. In the present work, these phases were shaped by insights from prior research (e.g. systematic review and end user interviews), the input of a dedicated working group (N = 13) and from practitioner focus groups. During the IM process, the importance of programme flexibility was emphasized by practitioners. As such, the enAbling REsilieNt performAnce (ARENA) training programme was designed to be agile and include both face-to-face training and online learning modules. Theoretical behavior change principles, closely aligned to findings of earlier work on resilient defense and security performance, were used to underpin programme content and delivery. Future research should seek to gather data on the impact of the ARENA programme, in the targeted biological, psychological and social factors that previously been associated with resilient performances.

America has experienced a rapid increase in loneliness, substance use, and suicidality. This increase is particularly deleterious for Veterans, who, as compared to nonmilitary-connected civilians, experience elevated rates of loneliness, substance use, and suicidality. In this project we investigated the link between loneliness, substance use, and suicidality, paying particular attention to the mediational role of loneliness between substance use and suicidality. 1,469 Veterans (male, n = 1004, 67.2%; female, n = 457, 32.3%; transgender/non-binary/prefer not to say, n = 8, 0.5%) answered online surveys in the Mental Health and Well-Being Project. Items assessed participants on psychosocial antecedents of health and wellness. Pearson correlations and mediational models were used to determine if loneliness, substance use, and suicidality were related and if loneliness mediated the link between substance use and suicidality. Results indicated that loneliness, substance use, and suicidality were significantly and positively related (rs = .33-.42, ps < .01). Additionally, loneliness partially mediated the link between substance use and suicidality (β = .08 [.06-.10]), suggesting that, within the context of substance use in Veterans, loneliness may account for significant variance in suicidality. Together findings suggest the Veterans Health Administration should support, fund, and study community engagement activities that could reduce the development or intensity of substance use, loneliness, and suicidality in Veterans.

The psychological characteristics that new recruits bring when starting military basic training (MBT) may help or hinder successful completion rates. The first part of this study explores how psychological characteristics assessed at the start of MBT influence retention and performance outcomes upon completion. At the start and upon completing MBT, a sample of 204 UK male Infantry recruits undergoing a 26-week Combat Infantryman's Course were assessed on personality traits (psychoticism, neuroticism, and extroversion); a set of relevant cognitions (i.e. effortful control); motivation (i.e. internalization of military core values); and an assessment of mentally tough behavior. Recruits who successfully completed MBT were significantly higher in age, psychoticism, and mentally tough behavior. The second part of the study explored how MBT influenced these variables across time. A subsample of 132 male Infantry recruits that passed basic military training first time were analyzed. Across the 26-week course, there was a significant increase in extraversion, and a significant decrease in neuroticism, and external regulation. Results differed slightly when we removed the lowest passing group from the analysis and whether MANOVA or Logistic Regression analysis was used. Results indicate that what you bring to the table will influence pass and retention rates.

Health literacy (HL) is an aspect that has been widely studied. However, in the military population there are hardly any studies on the influence of educational variables. Knowing the level of health literacy of military professionals is important as it has an impact on adequate health decision making, avoids the abuse of health services and makes it possible to ask for help when needed, especially in aspects related to mental health. The aim of this study was to measure the level of literacy, as well as its association with other training variables in a sample of military personnel. The study was carried out in 695 military personnel of the Spanish Army. A cross-sectional observational design was used, using a survey with the HLS-EU-Q47 scale. Among the results, it stands out that the level of health literacy of the military is high compared to the rest of the population. The results showed that the level of HL does not seem to be influenced by the level of languages, nor by the degree they hold, nor by experiences abroad. On the other hand, it was observed that the performance of professional internships and work in multidisciplinary teams, extracurricular training, does influence the level of HL, especially in the dimension related to health promotion. This fact seems to mean that the military have learned during these experiences to keep abreast of health-related issues, to understand, to value and to form a considered opinion on health-related information.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the TSL (Thank you, Sorry, and Love) program in enhancing the adaptability of military children in the Republic of Korea. A total of 30 military children were selected as participants and assigned to three groups: an experimental group receiving the TSL program, a comparison group receiving a resilience program, and a control group. Measures of adaptability (including resilience, perceived stress, depression, family function, and school adaptation) were administered to the military children at pre, post, and follow-up stages. The results reveal significant differences in adaptability between the TSL program participants and the other groups' participants at the post-intervention and follow-up assessments. These findings suggest that the TSL program has the potential to effectively enhance the adaptability of military children and maintain their adaptive capacities across various domains in the long term.

The present study examined two sequential mediation models in which betrayal-based moral injury and drinking to cope were hypothesized to explain the associations between sexual assault/sexual harassment and alcohol consumption. Participants were a community sample of 93 current or former U.S. military women (30.4 years; SD = 8.01) who completed an online, anonymous survey. In both models, sexual assault and sexual harassment and alcohol consumption were explained by betrayal-based moral injury and drinking to cope. It may be important to assess for and therapeutically address betrayal-based moral injury as it may be a mechanism that drives alcohol consumption.

PTSD and AUD are frequently comorbid post-trauma outcomes. Much remains unknown about shared risk factors as PTSD and AUD work tends to be conducted in isolation. We examined how self-report measures of distress tolerance (DT), experiential avoidance (EA), and drinking motives (DM) differed across diagnostic groups in white, male combat-exposed veterans (n = 77). A MANOVA indicated a significant difference in constructs by group, F (5, 210) = 4.7, p = <.001. Follow-up ANOVAs indicated DM subscales (Coping: F (3,82) = 21.3; Social: F (3,82) = 13.1; Enhancement: F (3,82) = 10.4; ps = <.001) and EA (F (3,73) = 7.8, p < .001) differed by groups but not DT. Post hoc comparisons indicated that mean scores of the comorbid and AUD-only groups were significantly higher than controls for all DM subscales (all ps < .01). EA scores were significantly higher for the comorbid as compared to control (p < .001) and PTS-only (p = .007) groups. Findings support shared psychological factors in a comorbid PTSD-AUD population.

Veterans in the United States are affected by suicide at higher rates than the general population. This may be due to a higher probability for veterans to use more lethal methods of suicides such as firearms. While veterans often decline to disclose suicidal tendencies to healthcare providers, they show higher connectedness and willingness to heed the advice of peers. Considering this information, it is important to analyze how veteran peers could assist in a suicidal crisis. Veteran responses (n = 1,247) to the Gatekeeper Behavior Scale (GBS) and Firearm Safety Scale (FSS) were analyzed to determine predictive traits of willingness to assist a peer securely store or disable firearms during a suicidal crisis. Results show that veterans are willing to assist in securing firearms to prevent suicide death but are more willing to do so by locking, removing or disabling the firearms than storing them with law enforcement. Older veterans were also more likely to report a willingness to intervene than their younger peers. Of the GBS predictors, only the Likeliness to Help subscale predicted a willingness to intervene with firearm safety. Recommendations for training and interventions that further encourage helping behavior during suicidal episodes are discussed.