Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.134-136
S. Jankovic
Background. Determining the significance of the difference between two study groups is performed using statistical tests, the choice of which depends on the character and distribution of data in those groups. Objective. The aim of this manuscript is to explain the logic and conditions of application of statistical tests for the comparison of two study groups. Methods. The manuscript was prepared as a narrative review article, based on the primary statistical literature. Results. The Student’s T-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test can be applied to the comparison of the values of a continuous variable between two groups, with the Student’s T-test subject to the mandatory condition that the data are normally distributed in both groups (the normality of the distribution is checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The Chi-square test is applied if the values of a categorical variable are compared between two groups, provided that none of the values is represented in less than 6 patients. Conclusions. A prerequisite for accurately determining the significance of the difference between two groups is the application of an appropriate statistical test for which all conditions are met.
{"title":"Tests for Comparison of Two Groups: Student’s T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square Test","authors":"S. Jankovic","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.134-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.134-136","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Determining the significance of the difference between two study groups is performed using statistical tests, the choice of which depends on the character and distribution of data in those groups. Objective. The aim of this manuscript is to explain the logic and conditions of application of statistical tests for the comparison of two study groups. Methods. The manuscript was prepared as a narrative review article, based on the primary statistical literature. Results. The Student’s T-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test can be applied to the comparison of the values of a continuous variable between two groups, with the Student’s T-test subject to the mandatory condition that the data are normally distributed in both groups (the normality of the distribution is checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The Chi-square test is applied if the values of a categorical variable are compared between two groups, provided that none of the values is represented in less than 6 patients. Conclusions. A prerequisite for accurately determining the significance of the difference between two groups is the application of an appropriate statistical test for which all conditions are met.","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124330792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.269-274
D. Donev
{"title":"Predatory Publishing and Predators - Almost Unsolvable Problem of Today in Biomedical Sciences","authors":"D. Donev","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.269-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.269-274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116413822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2023.11.46-50
E. Fradelos
Background: Taking care of a child with autism is a difficult task, and requires special knowledge and special education. The experiences of families raising a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are often neglected in the treatment plan. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the experiences of families with a child with autism. Methods: A systematic review of the qualitative studies that have explored the experience of autism through the lived experience of families raising a child with autism has been implemented. Results and Discussion: The literature was acquired via the Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO databases. Seven major thematic units have emerged that crystallize the experience of families with a child on the autism spectrum. These are: a) emotional effects, fear and insecurity for the future, b) effects on family life, c) education, d) concerns of sanitary interest, e) help and support, f) adaptation. The present study highlights the lived experience of autism through the experiences of parents raising a child on the autism spectrum. One of the most important problems that the parents of these children have to deal with is stress, fear of the future, and psychological strain. Many times, these are intensified by the breakdown of the relationship between the parents as well as by the financial burden. All these burdens affect the harmonious functioning of the family and the health of the children as they mutually influence each other. These parents face many challenges, and their daily life is a long struggle of acceptance and adaptation. Conclusion: The need for psychosocial support and information interventions for these individuals is clearly seen through their words and experiences. Support, education, and information can equip parents with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to support their children.
{"title":"Parenting an Autistic Child: a Narrative Review of Qualitative Studies","authors":"E. Fradelos","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2023.11.46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2023.11.46-50","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Taking care of a child with autism is a difficult task, and requires special knowledge and special education. The experiences of families raising a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are often neglected in the treatment plan. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the experiences of families with a child with autism. Methods: A systematic review of the qualitative studies that have explored the experience of autism through the lived experience of families raising a child with autism has been implemented. Results and Discussion: The literature was acquired via the Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO databases. Seven major thematic units have emerged that crystallize the experience of families with a child on the autism spectrum. These are: a) emotional effects, fear and insecurity for the future, b) effects on family life, c) education, d) concerns of sanitary interest, e) help and support, f) adaptation. The present study highlights the lived experience of autism through the experiences of parents raising a child on the autism spectrum. One of the most important problems that the parents of these children have to deal with is stress, fear of the future, and psychological strain. Many times, these are intensified by the breakdown of the relationship between the parents as well as by the financial burden. All these burdens affect the harmonious functioning of the family and the health of the children as they mutually influence each other. These parents face many challenges, and their daily life is a long struggle of acceptance and adaptation. Conclusion: The need for psychosocial support and information interventions for these individuals is clearly seen through their words and experiences. Support, education, and information can equip parents with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to support their children.","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121891742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.120-133
A. Skrbo, T. Čatić, A. Šukalo, Edina Redzic, L. Žunić
Background: Alternative The topic of this article is the development of pharmacy in the Middle Ages. Objective: The aim of this paper is to bring readers closer to the development and importance of pharmacy and health activities in general of this century. Methods: This is sistematic review of the published papers about historical facts about development pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past. Results and Discusion: There are few documents that speak and testify about health and hygiene data and opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Middle Ages and the time of the independent Bosnian state, because very little was written and mostly knowledge was transmitted by narrative. Bosnia, as an independent state, was first mentioned in the Charter of Kulin Ban in the 12th century. The Charter was sent to the Republic of Dubrovnik and provided safe passage for merchants through Bosnia and tax exemption. The Republic of Dubrovnik also had many influences on the development of all social conditions, including medicine and pharmacy. Doctors and pharmacists were able to come to Bosnia unhindered and engage in treatment and the sale of medicines, without having to fear whether they would pay taxes to the state or be robbed. Conclusion: Until Bosnia came under Ottoman influence, treatment in Bosnia was rather primitive, the number of pharmacies and health facilities was minimal, and hygienic conditions were rather poor. Folk medicine and spells were mainly practiced, which were passed down from generation to generation, by narrative tradition. Only with the arrival of the Ottomans, hospitals and pharmacies began to open, and the health care system was better regulated.
{"title":"Development of Pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Past - an Overview","authors":"A. Skrbo, T. Čatić, A. Šukalo, Edina Redzic, L. Žunić","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.120-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.120-133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alternative The topic of this article is the development of pharmacy in the Middle Ages. Objective: The aim of this paper is to bring readers closer to the development and importance of pharmacy and health activities in general of this century. Methods: This is sistematic review of the published papers about historical facts about development pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past. Results and Discusion: There are few documents that speak and testify about health and hygiene data and opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Middle Ages and the time of the independent Bosnian state, because very little was written and mostly knowledge was transmitted by narrative. Bosnia, as an independent state, was first mentioned in the Charter of Kulin Ban in the 12th century. The Charter was sent to the Republic of Dubrovnik and provided safe passage for merchants through Bosnia and tax exemption. The Republic of Dubrovnik also had many influences on the development of all social conditions, including medicine and pharmacy. Doctors and pharmacists were able to come to Bosnia unhindered and engage in treatment and the sale of medicines, without having to fear whether they would pay taxes to the state or be robbed. Conclusion: Until Bosnia came under Ottoman influence, treatment in Bosnia was rather primitive, the number of pharmacies and health facilities was minimal, and hygienic conditions were rather poor. Folk medicine and spells were mainly practiced, which were passed down from generation to generation, by narrative tradition. Only with the arrival of the Ottomans, hospitals and pharmacies began to open, and the health care system was better regulated.","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127223706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.187-188
I. Masic
{"title":"The Most Influential Scientists in the Development of Public Health: Johann Peter Frank (1745-1821)","authors":"I. Masic","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.187-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.187-188","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120966499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.282-287
M. Zildžić, I. Masic
{"title":"Relationship Between Education and Family Medicine Practice. What Did we Learn in Covid-19 Pandemic?","authors":"M. Zildžić, I. Masic","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.282-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.282-287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116247667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.173-182
Z. Masic, Konny Lajhner, H. Pandza
Background: Computer simulations can be briefly described as the use of computers to represent the dynamic responses of a tested system, by observing the behavior of another, artificial, system modeled on basis of the test system. Physical modeling has been practiced unconsciously since the beginning of the human species, that is, from the moment when the human mind began to understand all the complexity of phenomena and things that surrounded it in nature. Objective : The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of computer's simulation and modeling for educational agenda. Methods : This article is a review of the entire to use models, modeling and simulation by using compiters and ICT for teaching system in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education using published information, as well as professional papers and publications about this topic. The simulation methodology is based on computer science, statistics, numerical mathematics, operational research and artificial intelligence, but today it is sufficiently coherent and developed that it can rightly be called a separate scientific discipline. The system model represents a simplified and idealized (abstract) image of a real system. In other words, a model is a description of a real system with all its characteristics that are relevant from our point of view. Results and Discussion: Application of computer simulations in science: Different simulations are used to meet specific requirements of the scientific field and the problem such as: Numerical simulation of a differential equation, which cannot be solved analytically. This category includes theories dealing with continuous systems, such as phenomena in physical cosmology, fluid dynamics ; Stochastic simulation, used for discrete systems, where changes occur on the basis of probability, and cannot be explained by equations. These include genetic changes, and biochemical and genetic regulatory processes; Modeling of molecules and their behavior for the purpose of creating drugs; CFD–Computational Fluid Dynamics.–computers are used to perform calculations, which describe the behavior of liquids and gases; Blue Brain project; Cognitive architecture and Movement of parasites in the human body. Conclusion: This paper presents explanations and examples of the application of computer simulations in order to solve everyday problems encountered, both in medicine and all other branches of science. Conclusion: Computer simulations are an invaluable blend of nature and technology, and are one of the main sources of hope for understanding and improving the world we live in.
{"title":"Computer Modelling and Simulation","authors":"Z. Masic, Konny Lajhner, H. Pandza","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.173-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.173-182","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Computer simulations can be briefly described as the use of computers to represent the dynamic responses of a tested system, by observing the behavior of another, artificial, system modeled on basis of the test system. Physical modeling has been practiced unconsciously since the beginning of the human species, that is, from the moment when the human mind began to understand all the complexity of phenomena and things that surrounded it in nature. Objective : The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of computer's simulation and modeling for educational agenda. Methods : This article is a review of the entire to use models, modeling and simulation by using compiters and ICT for teaching system in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education using published information, as well as professional papers and publications about this topic. The simulation methodology is based on computer science, statistics, numerical mathematics, operational research and artificial intelligence, but today it is sufficiently coherent and developed that it can rightly be called a separate scientific discipline. The system model represents a simplified and idealized (abstract) image of a real system. In other words, a model is a description of a real system with all its characteristics that are relevant from our point of view. Results and Discussion: Application of computer simulations in science: Different simulations are used to meet specific requirements of the scientific field and the problem such as: Numerical simulation of a differential equation, which cannot be solved analytically. This category includes theories dealing with continuous systems, such as phenomena in physical cosmology, fluid dynamics ; Stochastic simulation, used for discrete systems, where changes occur on the basis of probability, and cannot be explained by equations. These include genetic changes, and biochemical and genetic regulatory processes; Modeling of molecules and their behavior for the purpose of creating drugs; CFD–Computational Fluid Dynamics.–computers are used to perform calculations, which describe the behavior of liquids and gases; Blue Brain project; Cognitive architecture and Movement of parasites in the human body. Conclusion: This paper presents explanations and examples of the application of computer simulations in order to solve everyday problems encountered, both in medicine and all other branches of science. Conclusion: Computer simulations are an invaluable blend of nature and technology, and are one of the main sources of hope for understanding and improving the world we live in.","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121837438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2020.8.37-52
I. Masic
{"title":"The History of Medical Informatics Development - an Overview","authors":"I. Masic","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2020.8.37-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2020.8.37-52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130186853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.33-35
G. Aoun
{"title":"Intraosseous Lipoma of the Jaws: An Overview","authors":"G. Aoun","doi":"10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.33-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2022.10.33-35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187078,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114195270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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