{"title":"Biological Sexual Differences in Covid-19 Infection","authors":"Falana Ba","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122561930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploration of medical science with the advent of technology demands medical doctors with in depth knowledge and skill to face the upcoming challenges promptly. Application of skills needs practice and that requires desire of learning and selfmotivation. Medical teachers get involved in creating self- motivation in the students so that self-directed learning will lead to achievement of learning goals. Proper planning, implementation and desire of learning will make the student able to reach the desired objectives. Self-directed learning is a dynamic way of learning where the cognitive ability of the student develops. Self-directed learning is adapted at many institutes as the student achieves desired objectives on its own. In competency based medical education in India separate 40 hours are allotted to SDL in the subject of Anatomy. Syllabus of anatomy is quite vast and students can be trained in achieving competencies through SDL method which makes the topic easy to understand and remember for long time. SDL is student centric method and their involvement is at higher level. In the review various methods of self-directed learning and their outcomes are discussed.
{"title":"Self-Directed Learning in Anatomy","authors":"Anjali Ss","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000148","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration of medical science with the advent of technology demands medical doctors with in depth knowledge and skill to face the upcoming challenges promptly. Application of skills needs practice and that requires desire of learning and selfmotivation. Medical teachers get involved in creating self- motivation in the students so that self-directed learning will lead to achievement of learning goals. Proper planning, implementation and desire of learning will make the student able to reach the desired objectives. Self-directed learning is a dynamic way of learning where the cognitive ability of the student develops. Self-directed learning is adapted at many institutes as the student achieves desired objectives on its own. In competency based medical education in India separate 40 hours are allotted to SDL in the subject of Anatomy. Syllabus of anatomy is quite vast and students can be trained in achieving competencies through SDL method which makes the topic easy to understand and remember for long time. SDL is student centric method and their involvement is at higher level. In the review various methods of self-directed learning and their outcomes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pelvic cavity is bounded by three bilateral pairs of bones (pubis, ilium and ischium) and two posteriorly located bones (sacrum and coccyx). Different organs lie in complicated juxtaposition in the pelvic cavity, including vessels, nerves, muscles, urogenital organs, and the rectum. Such configurations of these organs are difficult to comprehend for many surgeons to perform advanced surgery for cancers that arise in urological, gynecological organs or rectal cancer. Also procedure like sacrectomies and lateral pelvic compartment exenterations, isolating the external and internal iliac veins within the presacral area is crucial to avoid inadvertent injury and severe hemorrhage. This study review anatomic variations of internal iliac artery and internal iliac vein and their clinical significance. We found some rare patterns, which should be considered during surgery. These will benefit our understanding of pelvic anatomy and enhance safety in performing radical surgery for treating pelvic diseases; increase knowledge regarding the internal iliac artery and its branches is helpful in applying ligatures safely during pelvic surgeries which is essential to minimize intraoperative blood loss and other complications.
{"title":"Anatomical Variations of Internal Iliac Artery and Internal Iliac Vein and their Clinical Significance","authors":"Gerema U","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000146","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic cavity is bounded by three bilateral pairs of bones (pubis, ilium and ischium) and two posteriorly located bones (sacrum and coccyx). Different organs lie in complicated juxtaposition in the pelvic cavity, including vessels, nerves, muscles, urogenital organs, and the rectum. Such configurations of these organs are difficult to comprehend for many surgeons to perform advanced surgery for cancers that arise in urological, gynecological organs or rectal cancer. Also procedure like sacrectomies and lateral pelvic compartment exenterations, isolating the external and internal iliac veins within the presacral area is crucial to avoid inadvertent injury and severe hemorrhage. This study review anatomic variations of internal iliac artery and internal iliac vein and their clinical significance. We found some rare patterns, which should be considered during surgery. These will benefit our understanding of pelvic anatomy and enhance safety in performing radical surgery for treating pelvic diseases; increase knowledge regarding the internal iliac artery and its branches is helpful in applying ligatures safely during pelvic surgeries which is essential to minimize intraoperative blood loss and other complications.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115780818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Backgrounds: Liver is the largest viscera, located in the right hypochondrium, epigastrium and left hypochondrium of the abdominal cavity. It is a wedge-shaped organ with its narrow end pointed towards the left. It is convex in the front, to the right, above, and behind, and is somewhat concave inferiorly, where it is moulded to the shapes of the adjacent viscera. Even though the surface is smoothly continuous, liver is customarily apportioned by the anatomists into a larger right and a smaller left lobe by the line of attachment of the falciform ligament anteriorly and the fissure for ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum on inferior surface. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 formalin fixed livers and gall bladders during routine labex of undergraduate students in the dissection hall of Anatomy department of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospitals, Biratnagar, Nepal in the period of 3 years starting from June 2016 to May 2019. Each of the specimens was studied for morphological variations. Results: In the present study the livers with normal architectures were considered normal. Out of 50 liver specimens, 21 were normal without any gross anomalies with normal architecture. The remaining 29 specimens showed some short of accessory fissures and lobes on the different lobes of the liver. Out of 29 specimens in 2 specimens lingular process was observed arising from the left lobe. Hypoplastic left lobes was also observed in 2 specimens. Conclusions: Knowledge of morphological variations like atrophy, agenesis, presence of accessory lobes and fissures, presence of intrahepatic gall bladder and absence of normal fissure and lobe can cause diagnostic error in interpretation for the anatomists, radiologists and surgeons.
{"title":"Study of Variations in the Morphology of Liver in the Nepalese Cadavers","authors":"Saha Sk","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000145","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: Liver is the largest viscera, located in the right hypochondrium, epigastrium and left hypochondrium of the abdominal cavity. It is a wedge-shaped organ with its narrow end pointed towards the left. It is convex in the front, to the right, above, and behind, and is somewhat concave inferiorly, where it is moulded to the shapes of the adjacent viscera. Even though the surface is smoothly continuous, liver is customarily apportioned by the anatomists into a larger right and a smaller left lobe by the line of attachment of the falciform ligament anteriorly and the fissure for ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum on inferior surface. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 formalin fixed livers and gall bladders during routine labex of undergraduate students in the dissection hall of Anatomy department of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospitals, Biratnagar, Nepal in the period of 3 years starting from June 2016 to May 2019. Each of the specimens was studied for morphological variations. Results: In the present study the livers with normal architectures were considered normal. Out of 50 liver specimens, 21 were normal without any gross anomalies with normal architecture. The remaining 29 specimens showed some short of accessory fissures and lobes on the different lobes of the liver. Out of 29 specimens in 2 specimens lingular process was observed arising from the left lobe. Hypoplastic left lobes was also observed in 2 specimens. Conclusions: Knowledge of morphological variations like atrophy, agenesis, presence of accessory lobes and fissures, presence of intrahepatic gall bladder and absence of normal fissure and lobe can cause diagnostic error in interpretation for the anatomists, radiologists and surgeons.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122607007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Knowledge of the position and the variations of the external carotid artery and its branches are essential for faciomaxillary surgery and surgeries of the neck. The variations in the branching pattern are also essential to avoid complications with catheter insertion of carotid arteries in various procedures and pre-operative angiography. The external carotid artery is an important route for administration of anticancer drugs for head and neck cancer, so the knowledge of anatomy of branching pattern of external carotid artery is clinically important. Materials and Methods: Total 30 external carotid arteries were included in the present study. The dissection of the external carotid artery was carried in the dissection hall of the Anatomy Department, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. When all the branches and course of the external carotid artery was visible, variations was noted. The length of artery was measured with the help of thread, scale and vernier calliper. All the data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 software and represented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Average length of the external carotid artery from its origin by bifurcation of the common carotid artery to its termination is 8.1 cm on the right side and 8.0 cm on the left side. 40 % of the external carotid artery shows variations in the branching pattern on right side where as 53.4 % of external carotid artery shows variations on left side. Conclusion: The mean length of external carotid artery is more or less difference between right and left side. The prevalence of variations of external carotid artery was seen more on the left side as compared to the right side. The variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery are important to the vascular surgeons as well as radiologists to prevent diagnostic errors and also to avoid complications while performing surgery in the head and neck region.
{"title":"Anatomical Variations in the Branches of External Carotid Artery in Cadavers of Nepalese Origin","authors":"Rajeev Mukhia","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Knowledge of the position and the variations of the external carotid artery and its branches are essential for faciomaxillary surgery and surgeries of the neck. The variations in the branching pattern are also essential to avoid complications with catheter insertion of carotid arteries in various procedures and pre-operative angiography. The external carotid artery is an important route for administration of anticancer drugs for head and neck cancer, so the knowledge of anatomy of branching pattern of external carotid artery is clinically important. Materials and Methods: Total 30 external carotid arteries were included in the present study. The dissection of the external carotid artery was carried in the dissection hall of the Anatomy Department, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. When all the branches and course of the external carotid artery was visible, variations was noted. The length of artery was measured with the help of thread, scale and vernier calliper. All the data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 software and represented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Average length of the external carotid artery from its origin by bifurcation of the common carotid artery to its termination is 8.1 cm on the right side and 8.0 cm on the left side. 40 % of the external carotid artery shows variations in the branching pattern on right side where as 53.4 % of external carotid artery shows variations on left side. Conclusion: The mean length of external carotid artery is more or less difference between right and left side. The prevalence of variations of external carotid artery was seen more on the left side as compared to the right side. The variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery are important to the vascular surgeons as well as radiologists to prevent diagnostic errors and also to avoid complications while performing surgery in the head and neck region.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121366519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The etiology of giant aneurysms is multifactorial. It becomes symptomatic in 9/100.000, most frequently in the fifth and sixth decades of the life. Intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms (ICAAs) represent less than 1% of intracranial aneurysms and show a slight female predominance. Case-Report: We report an interesting case of bilateral ICAA in 42-year-old female presented as acute diplopia and emphasize the need of a thorough systemic evaluation in young patients with diplopia and treated with endovascular coil embolization. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to the neurology department suffering from the unilateral diplopia. Neurological examination showed the left sixth cranial nerve palsy and had no further general motor or sensory symptoms. Digital Subtraction Angiogram (DSA) showed bilateral ophthalmic artery aneurysm. The patient was treated with endovascular loose packing coil embolization and Derivo 3.5x30mm flow diverter stent. Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms may be bilateral in patients with unilateral cranial nerve symptoms.
{"title":"Bilateral Giant Opthalmic Carotid Artery Aneurysms Presenting as Unilateral Diplopia: A Case Report","authors":"Lafci Fahrioglu S","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The etiology of giant aneurysms is multifactorial. It becomes symptomatic in 9/100.000, most frequently in the fifth and sixth decades of the life. Intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms (ICAAs) represent less than 1% of intracranial aneurysms and show a slight female predominance. Case-Report: We report an interesting case of bilateral ICAA in 42-year-old female presented as acute diplopia and emphasize the need of a thorough systemic evaluation in young patients with diplopia and treated with endovascular coil embolization. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to the neurology department suffering from the unilateral diplopia. Neurological examination showed the left sixth cranial nerve palsy and had no further general motor or sensory symptoms. Digital Subtraction Angiogram (DSA) showed bilateral ophthalmic artery aneurysm. The patient was treated with endovascular loose packing coil embolization and Derivo 3.5x30mm flow diverter stent. Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms may be bilateral in patients with unilateral cranial nerve symptoms.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121880561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Evans indexis one of the most important parameter in diagnosis of hydrocephalus, follow up cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt, dementia and numerous other pathologies. In this situation, having a standard reference value of the Evan’s index will be supportive in a wide extent of clinical pathologies. The main objective of this study was to establish normal values for Evans index in a population of North West Ethiopia as there is no study found in Ethiopian medical literature. Methods: Computerized tomographic brain scans of 169 normal subjects were reviewed. Evan’s index was measured as the direct proportion of the most extensive frontal horn tips diameter of the cerebral lateral ventricles to the most extensive internal distance across the cranium. Results: In this study, 123(72.78) of the patients were males and 46 (27.22%) were females; their ages ranged from 18 to 79 years with a mean age of 40 years. The mean value for Evans index for the studied population was 0.262 ± 0.03. The Evan’s index increased with age and it was slightly higher among males. The difference in Evans value in males and females was not statistically significant. People over 60 years old had the highest Evans values in both genders. Conclusion: This study found the ranges of normal value for Evans index in north west Ethiopian population. It agrees with the diagnostic cut-off value of > 0.3 for hydrocephalus.
{"title":"Computerized Tomographic Study of Normal Evans Index in Adults at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia, Gondar 2019","authors":"Agegnehu A","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Evans indexis one of the most important parameter in diagnosis of hydrocephalus, follow up cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt, dementia and numerous other pathologies. In this situation, having a standard reference value of the Evan’s index will be supportive in a wide extent of clinical pathologies. The main objective of this study was to establish normal values for Evans index in a population of North West Ethiopia as there is no study found in Ethiopian medical literature. Methods: Computerized tomographic brain scans of 169 normal subjects were reviewed. Evan’s index was measured as the direct proportion of the most extensive frontal horn tips diameter of the cerebral lateral ventricles to the most extensive internal distance across the cranium. Results: In this study, 123(72.78) of the patients were males and 46 (27.22%) were females; their ages ranged from 18 to 79 years with a mean age of 40 years. The mean value for Evans index for the studied population was 0.262 ± 0.03. The Evan’s index increased with age and it was slightly higher among males. The difference in Evans value in males and females was not statistically significant. People over 60 years old had the highest Evans values in both genders. Conclusion: This study found the ranges of normal value for Evans index in north west Ethiopian population. It agrees with the diagnostic cut-off value of > 0.3 for hydrocephalus.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117242235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Absence of the uvula is very rare in the general population, which is mostly acquired secondary to surgery or is rarely congenitally absent since birth. Uvula is a small band of connective tissue, gland and small muscle fibers and is documented to be useful in speech, lubrication and central support of the palatopharyngeal arch during swallowing. Cultural practice of uvulectomy is very common in African countries as a treatment or prophylactic measure for chronic cough or frequent respiratory infection. Congenital absence of uvula is a rare condition and is also accompanied by other genetic abnormalities such as cleft lip or cleft palate. Case Report: This case report is based on an accidental finding in a 20-year-old African-American male who was acting as a standardized patient in a clinical course at a medical college. Conclusion: This is one of the rare cases of absence of uvula without any other congenital or genetic abnormality to be reported in medical literature.
{"title":"Is Uvula Important? Absence of Uvula: An Accidental or an Incidental Finding","authors":"Vivek J","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000142","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Absence of the uvula is very rare in the general population, which is mostly acquired secondary to surgery or is rarely congenitally absent since birth. Uvula is a small band of connective tissue, gland and small muscle fibers and is documented to be useful in speech, lubrication and central support of the palatopharyngeal arch during swallowing. Cultural practice of uvulectomy is very common in African countries as a treatment or prophylactic measure for chronic cough or frequent respiratory infection. Congenital absence of uvula is a rare condition and is also accompanied by other genetic abnormalities such as cleft lip or cleft palate. Case Report: This case report is based on an accidental finding in a 20-year-old African-American male who was acting as a standardized patient in a clinical course at a medical college. Conclusion: This is one of the rare cases of absence of uvula without any other congenital or genetic abnormality to be reported in medical literature.","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125999759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aims: Profunda femoris artery is the largest branch of femoral artery. It is the principal supply to the muscles of the thigh as well as head and neck of femur. Its branches form anastomosis around the head of the femur. Profunda femoris artery is also used for arteriography. It is frequently used in vascular reconstructive procedures in the proximal thigh. It forms main route of collateral circulation in occlusion of femoral artery. The study of variation of Profunda femoris artery is of great value for radiologists and surgeons during diagnostic and surgical intervention. Aim of the study is to observe the origin of Profunda femoris artery, to measure the distance between midinguinal point and site of origin of Profunda femoris artery and to study the anatomy of Profunda femoris artery and its branches and to find out any variations in its course and its branches. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a prospective study from April 2018 to October 2018. All the lower limbs with the intact Femoral artery and Profunda femoris artery and their branches were included. Femoral artery and its branches had got cut during dissection were not included in the study. Thirty two Profunda femoris arteries (20 on the right side and 12 on the left side) were studied in the department of Anatomy. The femoral triangle was exposed by making incisions along the inguinal ligament from pubic symphysis to anterior superior iliac spine. Midpoint was taken as Midinguinal point (MIP). MIP was marked with a coloured pen. The distance between MIP and the site of origin of Profunda femoris artery was measured. We observed any variation in the site of origin of Profunda femoris artery, medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery and any variations in the branches of each vessel. Results: The Profunda femoris artery was found to be originated from lateral aspect of Femoral artery in 21(65%) of lower limbs. Lateral Circumflex femoral artery was found to be originating from lateral aspect of Profunda femoris artery in 28(87%) of lower limbs. Medial Circumflex femoral artery was found to be originating from medial aspect of Profunda femoris artery in 16(50%) of lower limbs. Lateral Circumflex femoral artery was found to be originating from Femoral artery in 3(10%) of lower limbs. We observed distance of origin of Profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of inguinal ligament as 10 – 20 mm in 10(31%) lower limbs. We observed absence of Lateral Circumflex femoral artery in 1(3%) of lower limbs and absence of medial Circumflex femoral artery in 6(18%) of lower limbs. Conclusions: The Profunda femoris artery is an important branch of the Femoral artery and is of clinical importance to the surgeon. Femoral artery and Profunda femoris artery were used for various imaging procedures including Cathetarization. Such a large & unexpected artery may be damaged while collecting blood in infants from Femoral vein or at the time of exposure of Saphenous vein for
背景与目的:股深动脉是股动脉最大的分支。它是大腿肌肉以及股骨头颈的主要供应肌。它的分支在股骨头周围形成吻合。股深动脉也用于动脉造影术。它常用于大腿近端血管重建手术。它是股动脉闭塞时侧支循环的主要途径。股深动脉变异的研究对放射科医生和外科医生的诊断和手术干预具有重要价值。本研究的目的是观察股深动脉的起源，测量股深动脉腹股沟正中点到股深动脉起源点的距离，研究股深动脉及其分支的解剖结构，发现其走向及其分支的变化。材料与方法:本研究为前瞻性研究，于2018年4月至2018年10月进行。所有具有完整股动脉和股深动脉及其分支的下肢均包括在内。在解剖过程中被割伤的股动脉及其分支不在研究范围内。解剖科对32条股深动脉(右侧20条，左侧12条)进行了研究。从耻骨联合到髂前上棘沿腹股沟韧带切开暴露股三角。取中点为Midinguinal point (MIP)。MIP用彩色笔做了标记。测量MIP与股深动脉起始点之间的距离。我们观察了股深动脉、股内旋动脉和股外侧旋动脉起源位置的变化以及各血管分支的变化。结果:21例(65%)下肢股骨深动脉起源于股动脉外侧。28例(87%)下肢患者发现旋股外侧动脉起源于股深动脉外侧。16例(50%)下肢患者发现旋股内侧动脉起源于股深动脉内侧。3例(10%)下肢发现旋股外侧动脉起源于股动脉。我们观察了10例(31%)下肢股骨深动脉起始点距腹股沟韧带中点的距离为10 ~ 20mm。我们观察到1例(3%)下肢旋股外侧动脉缺失，6例(18%)下肢旋股内侧动脉缺失。结论:股深动脉是股动脉的重要分支，对外科医生具有重要的临床意义。股动脉和股深动脉用于各种成像程序，包括导管置入术。在婴儿从股静脉采血或暴露隐静脉与股静脉连接处结扎时，可能会损伤如此大且意想不到的动脉。在手术中，这些血管很容易在这一区域受损。了解股深动脉的解剖和变异对外科医生减少术中出血和术后并发症是很重要的
{"title":"Anatomical Study of Profunda Femoris Artery and it’s Variations – Cadaveric Study","authors":"M. Ak","doi":"10.23880/jhua-16000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000141","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Profunda femoris artery is the largest branch of femoral artery. It is the principal supply to the muscles of the thigh as well as head and neck of femur. Its branches form anastomosis around the head of the femur. Profunda femoris artery is also used for arteriography. It is frequently used in vascular reconstructive procedures in the proximal thigh. It forms main route of collateral circulation in occlusion of femoral artery. The study of variation of Profunda femoris artery is of great value for radiologists and surgeons during diagnostic and surgical intervention. Aim of the study is to observe the origin of Profunda femoris artery, to measure the distance between midinguinal point and site of origin of Profunda femoris artery and to study the anatomy of Profunda femoris artery and its branches and to find out any variations in its course and its branches. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a prospective study from April 2018 to October 2018. All the lower limbs with the intact Femoral artery and Profunda femoris artery and their branches were included. Femoral artery and its branches had got cut during dissection were not included in the study. Thirty two Profunda femoris arteries (20 on the right side and 12 on the left side) were studied in the department of Anatomy. The femoral triangle was exposed by making incisions along the inguinal ligament from pubic symphysis to anterior superior iliac spine. Midpoint was taken as Midinguinal point (MIP). MIP was marked with a coloured pen. The distance between MIP and the site of origin of Profunda femoris artery was measured. We observed any variation in the site of origin of Profunda femoris artery, medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery and any variations in the branches of each vessel. Results: The Profunda femoris artery was found to be originated from lateral aspect of Femoral artery in 21(65%) of lower limbs. Lateral Circumflex femoral artery was found to be originating from lateral aspect of Profunda femoris artery in 28(87%) of lower limbs. Medial Circumflex femoral artery was found to be originating from medial aspect of Profunda femoris artery in 16(50%) of lower limbs. Lateral Circumflex femoral artery was found to be originating from Femoral artery in 3(10%) of lower limbs. We observed distance of origin of Profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of inguinal ligament as 10 – 20 mm in 10(31%) lower limbs. We observed absence of Lateral Circumflex femoral artery in 1(3%) of lower limbs and absence of medial Circumflex femoral artery in 6(18%) of lower limbs. Conclusions: The Profunda femoris artery is an important branch of the Femoral artery and is of clinical importance to the surgeon. Femoral artery and Profunda femoris artery were used for various imaging procedures including Cathetarization. Such a large & unexpected artery may be damaged while collecting blood in infants from Femoral vein or at the time of exposure of Saphenous vein for ","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114505432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomy: Past, Present and Future","authors":"M. Paul","doi":"10.23880/JHUA-16000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/JHUA-16000135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130762010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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