Molecular and clinical oncology最新文献

Patients undergoing intracranial meningioma removal have been reported to have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The present study aimed to study meningioma operations and ascertain rates of postoperative VTE more closely and to find out the associated parameters with VTE-related morbidity and mortality in meningioma patients following resection. This meta-analysis included articles involving meningiomas surgery and postoperative VTE [thromboembolic complications: deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)] published in full-text form between January 1980 and January 2021). Collected variables included: First author name, study period covered, publication year, total number of patients and age, number of males, surgical duration, body mass index (BMI), tumor location, proliferation marker for human tumor cells Ki-67 and VTE-related morbidity and mortality. After the initial search and applying all exclusion and inclusion criteria, five articles were left in the final article pool. The total number of patients was 6,505 who underwent surgery for meningiomas and 299 (4.5%) revealed postoperative VTE. The final results showed no potentially significant difference between the total sample and the postoperative VTE group in tumor location and proliferation marker Ki-67 for human cells. By contrast, the results of the analysis for surgical duration and BMI showed a statistically significant difference. Patients who had experienced open surgery for meningiomas were associated with postoperative VTE. Furthermore, surgical duration and BMI were statistically significant VTE-related parameters in patients who underwent meningioma surgery, showing an association with VTE-related morbidity and mortality.

Metastatic colorectal carcinoma involving the maxilla is a rare phenomenon, and existing literature regarding the significance of perioperative oral function management (POM) in managing such cases is limited. In the present case report the clinical details of a 58-year-old male referred to the oral and maxillofacial department for POM. The patient had previously undergone segmental bowel resection due to stage IIIb colon cancer. A comprehensive approach encompassing a thorough medical history, meticulous physical examination, radiographic imaging and immunohistopathology was employed, and a definitive diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the left maxillary gingiva originating from a colorectal carcinoma was reached. Additionally, concomitant metastases were detected in the lungs and liver. Despite the daunting prognosis associated with the metastases in the oral cavity, the patient's quality of life exhibited discernible improvements owing to the implementation of palliative care interventions. Notably, this interdisciplinary approach facilitated the patient's survival for over a year. The present case report strongly advocates for the prompt integration of POM in the surgical management of cancer patients with oral manifestations, which can optimize both the quality of life and overall survival.

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer affecting women, with metastasis serving as a leading cause of mortality among patients with breast cancer. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the metastatic mechanism in breast cancer is essential for early detection and precision treatment of the disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a vital role in this context, representing cancer cells that detach from tumor tissues and enter the bloodstream of cancer patients. These cells travel in the blood circulation as single cells or clusters. Recent research has shed light on the enhanced metastatic potential of CTC clusters compared to single CTCs, despite their limited occurrence. The aim of the present review was to explore recent findings on CTCs with a particular focus on the clustering phenomenon of CTCs observed in breast cancer. Additionally, the present review delved into the comparison between single CTCs and CTC clusters regarding their implications for the treatment and prognosis of patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. By examining the role and mechanisms of CTCs in breast cancer metastasis, the present review provided an improved understanding of CTCs and their significance in early detection of breast cancer metastasis through peripheral blood analysis. Moreover, it contributed to the comprehension of cancer prognosis and prediction by highlighting the implications of CTCs in these aspects. Ultimately, the present study seeks to advance knowledge in the field and pave the way for improved approaches to breast cancer management.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive form of plasma cell disorder, which accounts for ~70% of all PCL. Survival of pPCL remains poor, and is related with early mortality. There is no standard therapy for patients with pPCL. In the present study, a 26-year-old man who was diagnosed with pPCL was reported. The patient achieved stringent complete remission to the successful treatment of intensive chemotherapy combined with sequential autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) followed by maintenance therapy with oral administration of ixazomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (IRD regimen). Development of complex treatment algorithms that combine novel agents, SCT and post-transplantation remission strategies may translate into survival in patients with pPCL.

GREM1 is a secreted protein that antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and participates in critical biological processes, including embryonic development, organogenesis and tissue differentiation. Gremlin 1 (GREM1) is also an inhibitor of TGF-β and a ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. In addition, GREM1 can induce cells, participate in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and then participate in tumor development. GREM1 has a variety of biological functions and can participate in the malignant progression of a variety of tumors through the BMP signaling pathway. GREM1 also can inhibit TGF-β in some tumors, thereby inhibiting tumors, and its involvement in tumor development varies in different types of cancer. The present review examines the role and function of GREM1 in tumors. GREM1 is expressed in a variety of tumor types. GREM1 expression can affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells. GREM1 has been studied in breast and colon cancer, and its potential role is to promote cancer. However, in pancreatic cancer, which was found to act differently from other cancer types, overexpression of GREM1 inhibits tumor metastasis. The present review suggests that GREM1 can be a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. In future studies, the study of GREM1 based on single-cell sequencing technology will further clarify its role and function in tumors.

This study aimed to analyze the molecular characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GAFG) and explore the possible mechanism of tumor development. Samples from 10 Chinese patients with GAFG were collected at the Peking University International Hospital and Liaocheng People's Hospital between January 2015 and March 2022. The nucleic acid sequence of Epstein Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBV-EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization. Genetic mutation information for GNAS, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, TP53, APC, CTNNB1, HER2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was obtained by Next-Generation Sequencing, and the relevant literature was reviewed. A total of eight instances of missense mutations were detected, consisting of seven cases with GNAS mutations, two cases with KRAS mutations, and one case with a TP53 mutation. Additionally, two patients had simultaneous missense mutations in GNAS and KRAS. Nonsynonymous mutations in APC, CTNNB1, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 were not observed in any cases. In addition, all tumors were EBER-negative. GAFG exhibits diversity at the molecular level, and GNAS mutations are more common than KRAS mutations, TP53 mutations, and microsatellite instability. To date, no association between EBV/HER2 and GAFG has been found.

In general, human meningiomas grow slowly and have a favourable prognosis; however, some are prone to recur despite their benign histology. Therefore, knowledge of their tumour biology is essential to determine objective biomarkers that can identify cases with an increased risk for recurrence and to generate effective treatment options. Thus, studies on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, comprising ErbB1/EGFR, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4, are important. We have recently published papers on the expression of each of these receptor proteins in human meningiomas. The present study aimed to assess the clinicopathological significance of their concurrent expression. A total of 185 grade 1 and 2 meningiomas with robust clinical data underwent immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against the aforementioned receptors. All meningiomas exhibited upregulation of these receptor proteins relative to normal meninges. In addition, the expression of phosphorylated/activated ErbB1/EGFR1 and phosphorylated/activated ErbB2/HER2 was significantly associated with histological malignancy grade and prognosis, respectively. The concurrent upregulation of ErbB receptors in human meningioma supports their fundamental role in the tumourigenesis of these tumours, and they could thus be exploited in diagnostics, prognosis, and ultimately, in targeted clinical interventions.

Retinoblastoma is a common primary intraocular malignant tumor that affects infants and young children. Radiation therapy for hereditary retinoblastoma increases the risk of secondary malignancy. The present report discusses the case of a retinoblastoma survivor who developed secondary leiomyosarcoma 42 years after receiving radiation therapy. The retinoblastoma of the patient was unilateral, and the patient had no family history of the disease. RNA and DNA panel sequencing of the leiomyosarcoma tissue was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this secondary malignancy. The RNA panel sequencing detected a germline reciprocal translocation of RB1 and DMXL1, leading to a diagnosis of possible hereditary retinoblastoma. Furthermore, it detected a somatic fusion gene (RAD51-KNL1). The DNA panel sequencing identified various germline or somatic variants, including a somatic splice acceptor site mutation of TP53. We hypothesized that the molecular mechanism of the secondary malignancy of this patient was the combination of a germline reciprocal translocation of RB1 and DMXL1 and the accumulation of various somatic mutations containing the splice acceptor site mutation of TP53, which ultimately led to the development of a secondary leiomyosarcoma. Further prospective investigations are necessary to fully understand the role of reciprocal translocation of RB1 and DMXL1 or other mutations in the tumorigenesis of second malignancies in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma.

The aim of the present study was to determine Kirsten Ras sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations and the associations of KRAS mutations with clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in Vietnamese non-polyp colon cancer (NPCC) patients. The data in the present study covered 194 patients with non-polyp colon cancers at stages II or III, according to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, in northern Vietnam from January 2016 to August 2020. All patients underwent radical surgery and adjuvant therapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX. Subsequently, the recruited patients were followed-up with scheduled hospital exams for diagnosing recurrence. Genomic DNA samples were prepared from dissected tumors and specific sequences of the KRAS gene were amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The mutations at codons 12, 13, 59, 60, 61, 117 and 146 of the gene were determined. Possible associations of the KRAS mutations with clinicopathological properties and the survival of patients were analysed. The KRAS mutation rate was 47.9% in Vietnamese patients with NPCC, of those, mutations in exon 2 accounted for 91.4% of all detected mutations. The mutated-KRAS patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of anemia. Moreover, the KRAS mutation rate was higher in females (57.1%) than in males (39.8%). The KRAS mutation rate was also higher in patients with right colon cancers. Furthermore, KRAS mutations were an independent prognosis for poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in stage II patients. Among left-sided colon patients, mutated KRAS was a significant predictive factor for poor DFS but not for OS. The present study revealed a very high mutation rate of KRAS in Vietnamese patients with NPCC. The data of the present study indicated that the mutation status was associated with female patients and right-sided tumors. The KRAS mutations were a negative factor for the survival of patients with stage II NPCC and patients with left-sided colon cancer.

Low skeletal muscle mass reflects poor nutritional condition, which may impair the functional status and quality of life (QOL) of survivors of gastrectomy. The present cross-sectional study examined the association between a relative change in skeletal muscle mass and perceived postoperative health and QOL in patients with gastric cancer. The study comprised 74 patients (48 men and 26 women; median age, 68.5 years) who underwent surgery for stage I-III gastric cancer. Outcomes were measured using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45, which was specifically developed to measure post-gastrectomy symptoms, living status, dissatisfaction with daily life and generic QOL. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was estimated using computed tomography by tracing the area of the psoas major muscle to calculate the ΔSMI, defined as: (SMI before surgery-SMI at completion of the PGSAS-45 survey)/SMI before surgery x100. Associations between ΔSMI and health outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. The mean ΔSMI (SD) was 8.64% (10.6%). The effect size (Cohen's d) of ΔSMI <10% compared with ΔSMI ≥10% was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.97) for total symptom scores, -0.51 (-0.98 to -0.03) for general health, and -0.52 (-0.99 to -0.05) for the physical component summary (PCS). Multiple regression analysis showed that ΔSMI was significantly associated with PCS decline, and its standardized regression coefficient was -0.447 (-0.209 to -0.685). Determining ΔSMI may help clinicians to facilitate the objective evaluation of low skeletal mass, which reflects poor nutritional condition that can impair functional status and QOL of postoperative patients surviving gastrectomy.