A. Demi̇r, Suna Akkol, Mehmet Nur Çi̇ftsüren, Ayhan Yilmaz
In this study, which aims to determine the levels of heavy metals, in the blood of 20 Anatolian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) aged 12-18 months, raised in Bitlis province, Güroymak District and fed with ready-made feed ad-libitum in pasture + pen conditions. 3 macro minerals and 14 micro minerals were found in the blood. The levels of a total of 18 minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Among the macro minerals levels were Ca 43.896±1.216 ppm, Mg 11.381±0.325 ppm, K 133.175±13.959 ppm and micro minerals levels were Al 0.710±0.090 ppm, As 0.027±0.006 ppm, Ba 0.038±0.006 ppm, Co 0.006±0.002 ppm, Cr 0.055±0.010 ppm, Cu 0.218±0.033 ppm, Fe 0.83 2±0.051 ppm, Mn 0.024±0.003 ppm, Mo 0.009±0.002 ppm, Se 0.084±0.009 ppm, Sr 0.050±0.004 ppm, Ti 0.046±0.011 ppm, V 0.058 ±0.014 ppm and Zn 0.168±0.025 ppm. Relationships between minerals are revealed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient (P≤0.05). In addition, in this study, the ranking of macro and micro minerals and the relative values of some of these minerals (As/Se, Ca/Mg, Ca/Mn, Ca/Zn, Cu/Fe, Cu/Zn, K/Mg, Mn/Fe, Mn/ Mg, Zn/Fe) were presented.
{"title":"Investigation of Heavy Metal Levels in Blood of Anatolian Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","authors":"A. Demi̇r, Suna Akkol, Mehmet Nur Çi̇ftsüren, Ayhan Yilmaz","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1388409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1388409","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, which aims to determine the levels of heavy metals, in the blood of 20 Anatolian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) aged 12-18 months, raised in Bitlis province, Güroymak District and fed with ready-made feed ad-libitum in pasture + pen conditions. 3 macro minerals and 14 micro minerals were found in the blood. The levels of a total of 18 minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Among the macro minerals levels were Ca 43.896±1.216 ppm, Mg 11.381±0.325 ppm, K 133.175±13.959 ppm and micro minerals levels were Al 0.710±0.090 ppm, As 0.027±0.006 ppm, Ba 0.038±0.006 ppm, Co 0.006±0.002 ppm, Cr 0.055±0.010 ppm, Cu 0.218±0.033 ppm, Fe 0.83 2±0.051 ppm, Mn 0.024±0.003 ppm, Mo 0.009±0.002 ppm, Se 0.084±0.009 ppm, Sr 0.050±0.004 ppm, Ti 0.046±0.011 ppm, V 0.058 ±0.014 ppm and Zn 0.168±0.025 ppm. Relationships between minerals are revealed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient (P≤0.05). In addition, in this study, the ranking of macro and micro minerals and the relative values of some of these minerals (As/Se, Ca/Mg, Ca/Mn, Ca/Zn, Cu/Fe, Cu/Zn, K/Mg, Mn/Fe, Mn/ Mg, Zn/Fe) were presented.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"179 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to assess calf rearing methods applied in 500 cattle farms in the Horasan district of Erzurum province. Data used in this study were obtained through face-to-face interviews with cattle breeders. In 69.5% of the enterprises operating within Horasan county, the exact quantity of milk consumed by calves could not be determined due to the fact that they are fed by nursing from their mothers. On the other hand, the proportions of farms feeding calves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 liters of milk per day were determined as 0.4%, 0.6%, 5.7%, 3.6%, 8.9%, and 11.3%, respectively. In 38.4% of cattle enterprises in the county, calves were fed with milk while their mothers were being milked, whereas in 27.6% of cattle farms, calves were weaned at 4 months of age, and in 24.3% at 5 months. Furthermore, it was also observed that the most of breeders (72.7%) considered the birth weight of calves as a criterion to decide on the quantity of milk to be provided to them. On these farms, the methods of feeding colostrum to calves were by sucking their mothers with a percentage of 54.3%, followed by bottle feeding with a percentage of 45.5% and the bucket method with a very low percentage of 0.2%. Furthermore, calves in Horasan County usually begin to be given calf starter feed either at the age of 2 weeks (28.3%) or 3 weeks (28.1%), while dry hay is generally introduced to the most of calves (42.0%) at the age of 2 weeks. In conclusion, some inaccuracies in calf rearing practices were identified in Horasan county of Erzurum province and solutions were proposed to address these problems.
{"title":"Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Buzağı Yetiştirme Uygulamaları: Erzurum İli Horasan İlçesi Örneği","authors":"Musa Bastem, Mete Yanar","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1381701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1381701","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess calf rearing methods applied in 500 cattle farms in the Horasan district of Erzurum province. Data used in this study were obtained through face-to-face interviews with cattle breeders. In 69.5% of the enterprises operating within Horasan county, the exact quantity of milk consumed by calves could not be determined due to the fact that they are fed by nursing from their mothers. On the other hand, the proportions of farms feeding calves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 liters of milk per day were determined as 0.4%, 0.6%, 5.7%, 3.6%, 8.9%, and 11.3%, respectively. In 38.4% of cattle enterprises in the county, calves were fed with milk while their mothers were being milked, whereas in 27.6% of cattle farms, calves were weaned at 4 months of age, and in 24.3% at 5 months. Furthermore, it was also observed that the most of breeders (72.7%) considered the birth weight of calves as a criterion to decide on the quantity of milk to be provided to them. On these farms, the methods of feeding colostrum to calves were by sucking their mothers with a percentage of 54.3%, followed by bottle feeding with a percentage of 45.5% and the bucket method with a very low percentage of 0.2%. Furthermore, calves in Horasan County usually begin to be given calf starter feed either at the age of 2 weeks (28.3%) or 3 weeks (28.1%), while dry hay is generally introduced to the most of calves (42.0%) at the age of 2 weeks. In conclusion, some inaccuracies in calf rearing practices were identified in Horasan county of Erzurum province and solutions were proposed to address these problems.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inadequate availability, price hikes, and rivalry between food and feed means there is an incessant request for unconventional feedstuffs for livestock. As a result, other sustainable feed material needs to be explored. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical tree known for its apple and nut. Cashew apple, cashew kernel waste meal, and cashew nut shell liquid residue have the potential as a valuable ingredient in livestock feeds and have gained increasing attention. They are becoming more and more valuable ingredients in livestock diets, owing to their availability. Systematic utilization has been shown to drive down feed costs, enhance animal nutrition and productivity making them suitable for incorporation into animal diets. However, available research output on the use of cashew apple, cashew kernel waste meal, and cashew nut shell liquid residue in livestock feed is lacking in consistency among quantified nutritive benefits. This review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the nutrient composition of cashew products, byproducts, and their potential uses as alternative ingredients in livestock diets.
{"title":"Kaju (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Ürünleri ve Yan Ürünleri: Hayvancılık Diyetlerinde Besin Bileşenleri ve Besinsel Faydaları","authors":"Taiwo Ojedi̇ran, Olufela Akande, Adewale Emi̇ola","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1350311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1350311","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate availability, price hikes, and rivalry between food and feed means there is an incessant request for unconventional feedstuffs for livestock. As a result, other sustainable feed material needs to be explored. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical tree known for its apple and nut. Cashew apple, cashew kernel waste meal, and cashew nut shell liquid residue have the potential as a valuable ingredient in livestock feeds and have gained increasing attention. They are becoming more and more valuable ingredients in livestock diets, owing to their availability. Systematic utilization has been shown to drive down feed costs, enhance animal nutrition and productivity making them suitable for incorporation into animal diets. However, available research output on the use of cashew apple, cashew kernel waste meal, and cashew nut shell liquid residue in livestock feed is lacking in consistency among quantified nutritive benefits. This review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the nutrient composition of cashew products, byproducts, and their potential uses as alternative ingredients in livestock diets.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"252 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this presented study, it was aimed to determine some makro and micro mineral levels in the blood of a total of 26 Norduz goats (at the end of 1st lactation (n=10), at the end of 2nd lactation (n=8), at the end of 3rd lactation (n=8)) fed in pasture at Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Research and Application Farm (Van, Turkiye). For this purpose, blood samples were duly taken from goats that had completed the lactation period at the beginning of June. Some macro mineral’s levels (potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na)) and some micro mineral’s levels (cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb)) in samples of serum obtained from blood samples collected from goats were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results were subjected to all statistical analysis using SPSS 24.0 version (IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) (SPSS, 2016). All statistically significant differences (P
{"title":"Comparison of Blood Mineral Levels of Norduz Goats of Different Ages Fed on Pasture at the End of the Lactation Period","authors":"A. Demi̇r, Suna Akkol","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1347793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1347793","url":null,"abstract":"In this presented study, it was aimed to determine some makro and micro mineral levels in the blood of a total of 26 Norduz goats (at the end of 1st lactation (n=10), at the end of 2nd lactation (n=8), at the end of 3rd lactation (n=8)) fed in pasture at Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Research and Application Farm (Van, Turkiye). For this purpose, blood samples were duly taken from goats that had completed the lactation period at the beginning of June. Some macro mineral’s levels (potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na)) and some micro mineral’s levels (cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb)) in samples of serum obtained from blood samples collected from goats were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results were subjected to all statistical analysis using SPSS 24.0 version (IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) (SPSS, 2016). All statistically significant differences (P","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Boğa, Hatice Nur Kılıç, Mutlu Bulut, Demet Canga
Green fodder plants have an important place in animal nutrition in terms of meeting the nutritional needs of animals and increasing their appetite. Especially in dairy cattle breeding, green feeds are needed for milk yield and quality. In meeting the green feed needs of ruminant animals, the scarcity of agricultural areas, water use, environmental and climatic factors have negative effects on agricultural production. The tendency to soilless agriculture is increasing due to the lack of transportation of green feeds, which cannot be sustained in production throughout the year, and the high prices of green feed. For this purpose, it is thought that the elimination of the negative conditions related to the environment and soil will be occurred by hydroponic production, the continuity of green feed production can be ensured throughout the year and feed costs can be reduced. However, the digestibility and feed efficiency of the products to be obtained by green feed production with the hydroponic system will be increased. Meat, milk yield and quality, animal performance and health will, also, be positively affected by the increase in feed utilization.This review was aimed to give information about the use of cereals with a high germination rate grown by hydroponic systems as green feed in animal nutrition and their disadvantages.
{"title":"Hidroponik Sistemle Üretilen Bazı Yem Bitkilerinin Ruminant Hayvan Beslemesinde Kullanımı","authors":"Mustafa Boğa, Hatice Nur Kılıç, Mutlu Bulut, Demet Canga","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1242075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1242075","url":null,"abstract":"Green fodder plants have an important place in animal nutrition in terms of meeting the nutritional needs of animals and increasing their appetite. Especially in dairy cattle breeding, green feeds are needed for milk yield and quality. In meeting the green feed needs of ruminant animals, the scarcity of agricultural areas, water use, environmental and climatic factors have negative effects on agricultural production. The tendency to soilless agriculture is increasing due to the lack of transportation of green feeds, which cannot be sustained in production throughout the year, and the high prices of green feed. For this purpose, it is thought that the elimination of the negative conditions related to the environment and soil will be occurred by hydroponic production, the continuity of green feed production can be ensured throughout the year and feed costs can be reduced. However, the digestibility and feed efficiency of the products to be obtained by green feed production with the hydroponic system will be increased. Meat, milk yield and quality, animal performance and health will, also, be positively affected by the increase in feed utilization.This review was aimed to give information about the use of cereals with a high germination rate grown by hydroponic systems as green feed in animal nutrition and their disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132163963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A survey was conducted using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire in Mutoko district to determine the extent of goat milk consumption and reasons for the possible low-to-non-consumption of goat milk. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected. Fresh goat milk samples were also collected from Mashona and Matabele goat breeds and analysed using a Milko-scan FT 6000 (FOSS, HillerOD, Denmark) to determine nutrient composition. Results from the study indicated that goat milk is lowly utilized – with only 14% of the surveyed households consuming goat milk. The respondents cited that goat milk was lowly utilised because goat milk consumption is traditionally uncommon in the area (57.70%) and has an undesirable strong smell (17.06%). Consuming goat milk was associated with reduced social status (10.66%). Respondents that had access to sufficient cow milk (13.96%) do not consume goat milk. Estimated mean milk yield per goat per milking, as reported in the study was 310.0±114.02 mL. High levels of education were associated with increased tendency to consume goat milk (χ2=246; df=40, p=0.000). Mashona goat milk had higher lactose (4.36%) and protein (4.77%) but lower fat content (3.45%) than Matabele goat milk. While goat milk is less popular in the study area, the milk from these indigenous goat genotypes is characterised by good nutritional value comparable to the accepted values of good quality milk. The quality of the milk, coupled with feeding and breed selection interventions to increase yield, has potential to be a rich nutrient source for small-holder communities threatened by malnutrition.
在Mutoko地区使用预先测试的半结构化问卷进行了一项调查，以确定羊奶消费的程度以及羊奶可能低消费或不消费的原因。随机抽取120名受访者。还从Mashona和Matabele山羊品种收集了新鲜羊奶样品，并使用Milko-scan FT 6000 (FOSS, HillerOD，丹麦)进行分析，以确定营养成分。研究结果表明，羊奶的利用率很低，只有14%的受访家庭食用羊奶。受访者指出，羊奶的利用率很低，因为该地区传统上很少食用羊奶(57.70%)，而且羊奶的气味很难闻(17.06%)。食用羊奶与社会地位降低相关(10.66%)。能够获得足够牛奶的受访者(13.96%)不喝羊奶。据研究报告，每只山羊每次挤奶的估计平均产奶量为310.0±114.02 mL。高教育水平与羊奶消费倾向增加相关(χ2=246;df = 40, p = 0.000)。masona羊奶的乳糖含量(4.36%)和蛋白质含量(4.77%)高于Matabele羊奶，脂肪含量(3.45%)低于Matabele羊奶。虽然羊奶在研究地区不太受欢迎，但这些本地山羊基因型的羊奶具有与优质牛奶相当的营养价值。提高牛奶质量，再加上为提高产量而采取的喂养和品种选择干预措施，有可能成为受到营养不良威胁的小农社区的丰富营养来源。
{"title":"Nutritional Parameters of Goat Milk and Its Consumption in Rural Communities","authors":"R. Magaya, T. Muti̇bvu, D. Mbiriri","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1082482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1082482","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was conducted using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire in Mutoko district to determine the extent of goat milk consumption and reasons for the possible low-to-non-consumption of goat milk. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected. Fresh goat milk samples were also collected from Mashona and Matabele goat breeds and analysed using a Milko-scan FT 6000 (FOSS, HillerOD, Denmark) to determine nutrient composition. Results from the study indicated that goat milk is lowly utilized – with only 14% of the surveyed households consuming goat milk. The respondents cited that goat milk was lowly utilised because goat milk consumption is traditionally uncommon in the area (57.70%) and has an undesirable strong smell (17.06%). Consuming goat milk was associated with reduced social status (10.66%). Respondents that had access to sufficient cow milk (13.96%) do not consume goat milk. Estimated mean milk yield per goat per milking, as reported in the study was 310.0±114.02 mL. High levels of education were associated with increased tendency to consume goat milk (χ2=246; df=40, p=0.000). Mashona goat milk had higher lactose (4.36%) and protein (4.77%) but lower fat content (3.45%) than Matabele goat milk. While goat milk is less popular in the study area, the milk from these indigenous goat genotypes is characterised by good nutritional value comparable to the accepted values of good quality milk. The quality of the milk, coupled with feeding and breed selection interventions to increase yield, has potential to be a rich nutrient source for small-holder communities threatened by malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131573924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saif Adil Abbood AL-JANABI, M. Çinar, Ghulam Asghar Saji̇d, Ahmed Qasim Naji Naji̇, Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) respond to these infections as the first line of defense and trigger the lung's immune response. Knowing the expression dynamics of key immune-related genes in alveolar macrophages against M. haemolytica challenge will help deepen the understanding of disease immunopathogenesis. For this purpose, first time an in vitro experimental model of infection was used to investigate the expression pattern of Interleukin-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and NF-κB in a dose and time-dependent manner. A total of 95% pure alveolar macrophages culture plates were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and treated with three doses (T1: 1800, T2: 2700, T3: 5400 CFU) of M. haemolytica inoculum, while keeping one untreated as a control. Then, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. The real-time quantification data indicated that the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and NF-κB genes were significantly changed as compared to control. Our study revealed that the exposure to M. haemolytica stimulates the immune response in the sheep alveolar macrophages in a dose and time-dependent manner.
{"title":"Koyun alveoler makrofajlarında Mannheimia haemolytica'ya yanıt olarak bağışıklık ile ilişkili genlerin in vitro mRNA ekspresyon dinamikleri","authors":"Saif Adil Abbood AL-JANABI, M. Çinar, Ghulam Asghar Saji̇d, Ahmed Qasim Naji Naji̇, Mahmodul Hasan Sohel","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1255946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1255946","url":null,"abstract":"Alveolar macrophages (AMs) respond to these infections as the first line of defense and trigger the lung's immune response. Knowing the expression dynamics of key immune-related genes in alveolar macrophages against M. haemolytica challenge will help deepen the understanding of disease immunopathogenesis. For this purpose, first time an in vitro experimental model of infection was used to investigate the expression pattern of Interleukin-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and NF-κB in a dose and time-dependent manner. A total of 95% pure alveolar macrophages culture plates were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and treated with three doses (T1: 1800, T2: 2700, T3: 5400 CFU) of M. haemolytica inoculum, while keeping one untreated as a control. Then, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. The real-time quantification data indicated that the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and NF-κB genes were significantly changed as compared to control. Our study revealed that the exposure to M. haemolytica stimulates the immune response in the sheep alveolar macrophages in a dose and time-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126699142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uzun ömürlülük süt sığırcılığı için ekonomik öneme sahip temel bir özelliktir. Bu özellik ıslah programlarında yer almaktadır. Literatürde süt sığırlarında uzun ömürlülük ölçülerinin verim özellikleri ile ilişkilerini, ekonomik ve genetik yönünü inceleyen kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda uzun ömürlülüğü belirlemede çok sayıda süre ve ölçü kullanıldığı bildirilmektedir. Bu terim ve ölçüler için literatürde farklı tanımlamalar yapılmıştır. Bazı kaynaklarda ise aynı tanım, farklı ölçüler için kullanılmaktadır. Bu durum kavram karışıklığına yol açmaktadır. Bazı ölçüler için tanım farklılıkları Türkçe literatür için de söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada hem yabancı hem Türkçe literatürde uzun ömürlülük ölçülerinin tanımları derlenmiştir. Bu derleme ölçü ve tanımlarda birlikteliğe ışık tutmak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için, olayın doğası şekilsel olarak gösterilerek, aynı süre ve aynı ölçü için kullanılabilecek kavramlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca süt sığırlarında verimliliği ölçmede kullanılabilecek standart uzun ömürlülük ölçüleri önerilmiştir.
{"title":"Süt Sığırlarında Uzun Ömürlülük (Longevity) Ölçüleri","authors":"Ö. Akbulut","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1269841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1269841","url":null,"abstract":"Uzun ömürlülük süt sığırcılığı için ekonomik öneme sahip temel bir özelliktir. Bu özellik ıslah programlarında yer almaktadır. Literatürde süt sığırlarında uzun ömürlülük ölçülerinin verim özellikleri ile ilişkilerini, ekonomik ve genetik yönünü inceleyen kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda uzun ömürlülüğü belirlemede çok sayıda süre ve ölçü kullanıldığı bildirilmektedir. Bu terim ve ölçüler için literatürde farklı tanımlamalar yapılmıştır. Bazı kaynaklarda ise aynı tanım, farklı ölçüler için kullanılmaktadır. Bu durum kavram karışıklığına yol açmaktadır. Bazı ölçüler için tanım farklılıkları Türkçe literatür için de söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada hem yabancı hem Türkçe literatürde uzun ömürlülük ölçülerinin tanımları derlenmiştir. Bu derleme ölçü ve tanımlarda birlikteliğe ışık tutmak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için, olayın doğası şekilsel olarak gösterilerek, aynı süre ve aynı ölçü için kullanılabilecek kavramlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca süt sığırlarında verimliliği ölçmede kullanılabilecek standart uzun ömürlülük ölçüleri önerilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132231506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arılar, dünya çapındaki tüm tarımsal türlerin büyük çoğunluğu ve yabani flora için önemli tozlayıcılardır. Son yıllarda dünyadaki arı kolonilerinin sayısında hızlı bir düşüş yaşanmıştır. Bal arıları sosyal böceklerdir, bu da onları mikrobiyal patojenler ve parazitlerin hızla yayılmasına karşı hassas hale getirir. Koloni çöküşüne yol açan tek bir nedensel ajan tanımlanamaz ve işçi arılardaki azalmayla ilgili en yaygın biyolojik etkenlerden biri parazitik microsporidia Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp., esas olarak Vairimorpha (Nosema) apis ve Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae, her ikisi de Apis türlerinde görülen Nosemosis hastalığından sorumludur. Vairimorpha ceranae daha yaygındır ve koloni çöküşü ile ilişkili olan arı bağışıklık tepkisi üzerinde etkilidir. Bu mikrosporidiaların immünosupresif etkisi ve kovan organizasyonun bozulması koloniyi zayıflatır ve koloni kayıplarına yol açar. Bunun da ekolojik, tarımsal ve ekonomik sonuçları oldukça fazladır. Bal arıları mikrobiyal patojenlerin zararlı etkilerini en aza indiren, doğuştan ve sonradan kazanılmış bağışıklığı içeren son derece etkili savunma mekanizmalarına sahiptirler. Bal arılarının en temel savunma sistemi olan hümoral tepki, doğuştan gelen bağışıklığın ikinci kategorisidir ve antimikrobiyal peptidler (AMP' ler) aracılık eder. Stres faktörleri ile başa çıkabilme yeteneğine sahip bal arılarının bağışıklık mekanizmalarına odaklanan araştırmalar, kolonilerin gücünü ve verimliliğini arttırmalarına yardımcı olabilir. Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp’nin arıların bağışıklık sistemi üzerindeki etkisi, karşılıklı ilişkilerini daha iyi anlamak ve etkili arı koruma yöntemleri geliştirmek için daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlaşılmalıdır. Bal arısı bağışıklık sistemleri çözümlendikçe, sosyal böcekler ve bağışıklık fonksiyonları arasındaki potansiyel evrimsel ilişki belirlenebilir. Böylece arı kayıplarını azaltmak için yerel alttür ve ekotipleri koruma stratejileri geliştirilebilir.
{"title":"Effects of Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. on humoral immunity of honey bees via antimicrobial peptides","authors":"C. Tozkar","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1266441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1266441","url":null,"abstract":"Arılar, dünya çapındaki tüm tarımsal türlerin büyük çoğunluğu ve yabani flora için önemli tozlayıcılardır. Son yıllarda dünyadaki arı kolonilerinin sayısında hızlı bir düşüş yaşanmıştır. Bal arıları sosyal böceklerdir, bu da onları mikrobiyal patojenler ve parazitlerin hızla yayılmasına karşı hassas hale getirir. Koloni çöküşüne yol açan tek bir nedensel ajan tanımlanamaz ve işçi arılardaki azalmayla ilgili en yaygın biyolojik etkenlerden biri parazitik microsporidia Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp., esas olarak Vairimorpha (Nosema) apis ve Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae, her ikisi de Apis türlerinde görülen Nosemosis hastalığından sorumludur. Vairimorpha ceranae daha yaygındır ve koloni çöküşü ile ilişkili olan arı bağışıklık tepkisi üzerinde etkilidir. Bu mikrosporidiaların immünosupresif etkisi ve kovan organizasyonun bozulması koloniyi zayıflatır ve koloni kayıplarına yol açar. Bunun da ekolojik, tarımsal ve ekonomik sonuçları oldukça fazladır. Bal arıları mikrobiyal patojenlerin zararlı etkilerini en aza indiren, doğuştan ve sonradan kazanılmış bağışıklığı içeren son derece etkili savunma mekanizmalarına sahiptirler. Bal arılarının en temel savunma sistemi olan hümoral tepki, doğuştan gelen bağışıklığın ikinci kategorisidir ve antimikrobiyal peptidler (AMP' ler) aracılık eder. Stres faktörleri ile başa çıkabilme yeteneğine sahip bal arılarının bağışıklık mekanizmalarına odaklanan araştırmalar, kolonilerin gücünü ve verimliliğini arttırmalarına yardımcı olabilir. Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp’nin arıların bağışıklık sistemi üzerindeki etkisi, karşılıklı ilişkilerini daha iyi anlamak ve etkili arı koruma yöntemleri geliştirmek için daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlaşılmalıdır. Bal arısı bağışıklık sistemleri çözümlendikçe, sosyal böcekler ve bağışıklık fonksiyonları arasındaki potansiyel evrimsel ilişki belirlenebilir. Böylece arı kayıplarını azaltmak için yerel alttür ve ekotipleri koruma stratejileri geliştirilebilir.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128491904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasına paralel olarak ortaya çıkan daha fazla üretme zorunluluğu, gıda üretiminde güvenlik ve kalite gibi bazı özelliklerin göz ardı edilmesi ihtimalini doğurmuştur. Ancak zamanla beslenme bilincinin değişmesine ve gelir seviyesinin yüksek olmasına bağlı olarak bazı toplumlarda yeni talepler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yapı içerisinde şekillenen organik arıcılık, genel olarak ürünün organik bal dışında herhangi bir besin ve kimyasala maruz kalmadan elde edilmesi, bozulmamış ve kirleticilere karşı hassas alanlarda yetiştirilmesi, tüm aşamaların kontrol ve sertifikasyon ile denetlenmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Arıcılıktan elde edilen gelirin artmasını sağlayan ve tüketicilerin istenilen özelliklere sahip ürünler tedarik etmesine olanak sağlayan organik arıcılık, Türkiye'de yeni bir model olarak gelişmektedir. Ancak hem doğal hem de kamusal kaynakların çok daha verimli kullanılması için bazı planların yapılması yerinde olacaktır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan bu çalışmada, ilgili mevzuat dikkate alınarak mevcut durum değerlendirilmiş, diğer yandan koloni yoğunluğunun arttığı ülkede kaynakların verimli kullanılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
{"title":"Türkiye’de Organik Arıcılık","authors":"","doi":"10.51970/jasp.1259089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1259089","url":null,"abstract":"Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasına paralel olarak ortaya çıkan daha fazla üretme zorunluluğu, gıda üretiminde güvenlik ve kalite gibi bazı özelliklerin göz ardı edilmesi ihtimalini doğurmuştur. Ancak zamanla beslenme bilincinin değişmesine ve gelir seviyesinin yüksek olmasına bağlı olarak bazı toplumlarda yeni talepler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yapı içerisinde şekillenen organik arıcılık, genel olarak ürünün organik bal dışında herhangi bir besin ve kimyasala maruz kalmadan elde edilmesi, bozulmamış ve kirleticilere karşı hassas alanlarda yetiştirilmesi, tüm aşamaların kontrol ve sertifikasyon ile denetlenmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Arıcılıktan elde edilen gelirin artmasını sağlayan ve tüketicilerin istenilen özelliklere sahip ürünler tedarik etmesine olanak sağlayan organik arıcılık, Türkiye'de yeni bir model olarak gelişmektedir. Ancak hem doğal hem de kamusal kaynakların çok daha verimli kullanılması için bazı planların yapılması yerinde olacaktır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan bu çalışmada, ilgili mevzuat dikkate alınarak mevcut durum değerlendirilmiş, diğer yandan koloni yoğunluğunun arttığı ülkede kaynakların verimli kullanılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.","PeriodicalId":187814,"journal":{"name":"Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130404954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：