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A Variant of Unified Bare Bone Particle Swarm Optimizer 统一裸骨粒子群优化器的一种变体
Chang-Huang Chen
The simplicity of bare bone particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is attractive since no parameters tuning is required. Nevertheless, it also encounters the issue of premature convergence. To remedy this problem, by integrated global model and local model search strategies, a unified bare bone particle swarm optimization (UBPSO) is appeared in recently where the weightings of global and local search strategies may be constant or random varying. In this paper, a variant of UBPSO is proposed that stresses on global exploration ability in early stages and turns to local exploitation in later stages for searching optimal solution. Numerical results reveal that this variant is competitive to UBPSO and performs better than BPSO and PSO in most of the tested benchmark functions.
裸骨粒子群优化(BPSO)的简单性很有吸引力,因为不需要调整参数。然而,它也遇到了过早收敛的问题。为了解决这一问题,最近出现了一种统一的裸骨粒子群优化(UBPSO),通过整合全局模型和局部模型搜索策略,全局和局部搜索策略的权重可以是恒定的,也可以是随机变化的。本文提出了一种改进的UBPSO,前期注重全局勘探能力,后期转向局部开发,以寻找最优解。数值结果表明,该算法在大多数测试的基准函数中表现优于BPSO和PSO。
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引用次数: 3
HRUL: A Hardware Assisted Recorder for User-Level Application HRUL:用于用户级应用的硬件辅助记录仪
Shibin Tang, Fenglong Song, Lingjun Fan, Yuanchao Xu, Dongrui Fan, Zhiyong Liu
Deterministic replay is a key technique for debugging simultaneous multithreaded programs on multicore processor. With this scheme, software-only implementations generally incur large runtime overhead. Hardware assisted methods can significantly reduce the overhead, but most hardware based recorders are system oriented. They capture all orders happened in monitored application, Operating System, and other applications. This produces inefficiency and inconvenience for application programmers to debug their programs. This paper proposes a hardware assisted recorder (HRUL), which is lightweight and convenient to application programmers. HRUL uses a hybrid hardware-software method to extract dependencies from monitored application in a complex execution environment, and compresses the orders with a combination of online and offline compression algorithm. What' more, It also captures implicit dependencies caused by system call and scheduling in Operating System to make replay faithful. We evaluate the scheme with 16-core runs of PARSEC, our results show that HRUL introduces runtime overhead less than 3% and can reduce log size by 81% (only with online-hardware compression).
确定性重放是在多核处理器上调试多线程程序的关键技术。在这种模式下,纯软件实现通常会产生很大的运行时开销。硬件辅助方法可以显著降低开销,但是大多数基于硬件的记录器都是面向系统的。它们捕获被监视的应用程序、操作系统和其他应用程序中发生的所有订单。这给应用程序程序员调试程序带来了效率低下和不便。本文提出了一种硬件辅助记录仪(HRUL),它轻便、方便应用程序开发人员使用。HRUL在复杂的执行环境中,采用软硬件混合的方法从被监控的应用程序中提取依赖项,并结合在线和离线压缩算法对订单进行压缩。更重要的是,它还捕获了由系统调用和操作系统调度引起的隐式依赖,以使重放忠实。我们用16核的PARSEC运行对该方案进行了评估,结果表明HRUL引入的运行时开销小于3%,并且可以将日志大小减少81%(仅使用在线硬件压缩)。
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引用次数: 1
Using CUDA GPU to Accelerate the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm 利用CUDA GPU加速蚁群优化算法
K. Wei, Chao-Chin Wu, Chien-Ju Wu
Graph Processing Units (GPUs) have recently evolved into a super multi-core and a fully programmable architecture. In the CUDA programming model, the programmers can simply implement parallelism ideas of a task on GPUs. The purpose of this paper is to accelerate Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP) with GPUs. In this paper, we propose a new parallel method, which is called the Transition Condition Method. Experimental results are extensively compared and evaluated on the performance side and the solution quality side. The TSP problems are used as a standard benchmark for our experiments. In terms of experimental results, our new parallel method achieves the maximal speed-up factor of 4.74 than the previous parallel method. On the other hand, the quality of solutions is similar to the original sequential ACO algorithm. It proves that the quality of solutions does not be sacrificed in the cause of speed-up.
图形处理单元(gpu)最近发展成为一个超级多核和完全可编程的架构。在CUDA编程模型中,程序员可以简单地在gpu上实现任务的并行思想。本文的目的是利用gpu加速求解旅行商问题的蚁群优化算法。本文提出了一种新的并行方法,称为过渡条件法。从性能方面和溶液质量方面对实验结果进行了广泛的比较和评价。TSP问题被用作我们实验的标准基准。实验结果表明,该方法的最大加速系数为4.74。另一方面,解的质量与原顺序蚁群算法相似。这证明了在加速的过程中,解决方案的质量并没有被牺牲。
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引用次数: 5
A Parallel Algorithm for 2D Square Packing 二维方形装箱的并行算法
Xiaofan Zhao, Hong Shen
We focus on the parallelization of two-dimensional square packing problem. In square packing problem, a list of square items need to be packed into a minimum number of unit square bins. All square items have side length smaller than or equal to 1 which is also the side length of each unit square bin. The total area of items that has been packed into one bin cannot exceed 1. Using the idea of harmonic, some squares can be put into the same bin without exceeding the bin limitation of side length 1. We try to concurrently pack all the corresponding squares into one bin by a parallel systerm of computation processing. A 9=4-worst case asymptotic error bound algorithm with time complexity (n) is showed. Let OPT(I) and A(I) denote, respectively, the cost of an optimal solution and the cost produced by an approximation algorithmA for an instance Iof the square packing problem. The best upper bound of on-line square packing to date is 2.1439 proved by Han et al. [23] by using complexity weighting functions. However the upper bound of our parallel algorithm is a litter worse than Han's algorithm, the analysis of our algorithm is more simple and the time complexity is improved. Han's algorithm needs O(nlogn) time, while our method only needs (n) time.
重点研究二维方形布局问题的并行化问题。在方形装箱问题中,需要将一列方形物品打包到最小数量的单位方形箱子中。所有正方形物品的边长都小于或等于1,这也是每个单位正方形箱子的边长。已装入一个箱子的物品的总面积不能超过1。利用调和的思想,可以在不超过边长1限制的情况下,将一些正方形放入同一个容器中。我们试图通过并行的计算处理系统将所有相应的方格同时打包到一个箱子中。给出了一种时间复杂度为n的9=4最坏情况渐近误差界算法。设OPT(I)和A(I)分别表示最优解的代价和由近似算法产生的代价,用于方形布局问题的实例I。Han等人[23]利用复杂度加权函数证明了迄今为止在线方形填充的最佳上界为2.1439。然而,我们的并行算法的上界比Han的算法差一些,我们的算法分析更简单,时间复杂度也得到了改善。Han的算法需要O(nlogn)时间,而我们的方法只需要(n)时间。
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引用次数: 0
A Framework for Automated Software Testing on the Cloud 云上自动化软件测试的框架
Gustavo Savio De Oliveira, A. Duarte
This work presents the framework Cloud Testing, a solution to parallelize the execution of a test suite over a distributed cloud infrastructure. The use of a cloud as runtime environment for automated software testing provides a more efficient and effective solution when compared to traditional methods regarding the exploration of diversity and heterogeneity for testing coverage. The objective of this work is evaluate our solution regarding the performance gains achieved with the use of the framework showing that it is possible to improve the software testing process with very little configuration overhead and low costs.
这项工作提出了云测试框架,这是一个在分布式云基础设施上并行执行测试套件的解决方案。与探索测试覆盖的多样性和异质性的传统方法相比,使用云作为自动化软件测试的运行时环境提供了更高效和有效的解决方案。这项工作的目标是评估我们的解决方案,通过使用框架来获得性能收益,表明它可以用很少的配置开销和低成本来改进软件测试过程。
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引用次数: 8
Energy Analysis of Hadoop Cluster Failure Recovery Hadoop集群故障恢复能量分析
Weiyue Xu, Ying Lu
Energy efficiency is now used as an important metric for evaluating a computing system. However, saving energy is a big challenge due to many constraints. For example, in one of the most popular distributed processing frameworks, Hadoop, three replicas of each data block are randomly distributed in order to improve performance and fault tolerance. But such a mechanism limits the largest number of machines that can be turned off to save energy without affecting the data availability. To overcome this limitation, previous research introduces a new mechanism called covering subset which maintains a set of active nodes to ensure the immediate availability of data, even when all other nodes are turned off. This covering subset based mechanism works smoothly if no failure happens. However, a node in the covering subset may fail. In this paper, we study the energy-efficient failure recovery in Hadoop clusters. Rather than only using the replication as adopted by a Hadoop system by default, we investigate both replication and erasure coding as possible redundancy mechanisms. We develop failure recovery algorithms for both systems and analytically compare their energy efficiency.
能源效率现在被用作评估计算系统的一个重要指标。然而,由于诸多限制,节能是一个巨大的挑战。例如,在最流行的分布式处理框架之一Hadoop中,每个数据块的三个副本是随机分布的,以提高性能和容错性。但是这种机制限制了可以在不影响数据可用性的情况下关闭的机器的最大数量。为了克服这一限制,以前的研究引入了一种新的机制,称为覆盖子集,它维护一组活动节点,以确保数据的即时可用性,即使所有其他节点都被关闭。如果没有发生故障,这种基于覆盖子集的机制可以顺利工作。但是,覆盖子集中的一个节点可能会失败。本文主要研究了Hadoop集群中的节能故障恢复问题。我们不是只使用Hadoop系统默认采用的复制,而是研究复制和擦除编码作为可能的冗余机制。我们为这两个系统开发了故障恢复算法,并分析比较了它们的能源效率。
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引用次数: 1
Network-on-Chip Implementation of Midimew-Connected Mesh Network 中连通网状网络的片上网络实现
Md. Rabiul Awal, M. Rahman
Architecture of interconnection network plays a significant role in the performance and energy consumption of Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems. In this paper we propose NoC implementation of Midi mew-connected Mesh Network (MMN). MMN is a Minimal Distance Mesh with Wrap-around (Midi mew) links network of multiple basic modules, in which the basic modules are 2D-mesh networks that are hierarchically interconnected for higher-level networks. For implementing all the links of level-3 MMN, minimum 4 layers are needed which is feasible with current and future VLSI technologies. With innovative combination of diagonal and hierarchical structure, MMN possesses several attractive features including constant node degree, small diameter, low cost, small average distance, and moderate bisection width than that of other conventional and hierarchical interconnection networks.
互连网络的结构对片上网络系统的性能和能耗有着重要的影响。本文提出了Midi新连接网状网络(MMN)的NoC实现方案。MMN是一种由多个基本模块组成的最小距离网格环绕(Midi new)链路网络,其中基本模块是二维网格网络,在更高级别的网络中分层连接。为了实现三级MMN的所有链路,至少需要4层,这在当前和未来的VLSI技术下是可行的。MMN创新地将对角线结构与分层结构相结合,具有节点度恒定、直径小、成本低、平均距离小、对角宽度适中等特点。
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引用次数: 3
On Construction of an Intelligent Environmental Monitoring System for Healthcare 智能医疗环境监测系统的构建
Chao-Tung Yang, Jung-Chun Liu, Chi-Jui Liao, Chia-Cheng Wu, Fang-Yie Leu
Along with the improvement of sanitary conditions and changes of life style, people begin to pay attention to the modern concept of health promotion and preventive medicine. Therefore, we built an intelligent environment monitoring feedback system to collect data of physical conditions of employees and air conditions of the working environment, displayed the collected data with a real time interface, and sent out warming messages to prevent accidents. We hope that based on these real-time data, the proposed system can help people make right and timely decisions, and act on time to maintain a beneficial environment in the monitored area.
随着卫生条件的改善和生活方式的改变,人们开始关注健康促进和预防医学的现代理念。为此,我们搭建了智能环境监测反馈系统,采集员工身体状况和工作环境空气状况数据,并通过实时界面显示采集到的数据,同时发出警示信息,防止事故发生。我们希望基于这些实时数据,提出的系统可以帮助人们做出正确和及时的决策,并及时采取行动,以保持监测区域的有利环境。
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引用次数: 4
Ten Years of Research on Fault Management in Grid Computing: A Systematic Mapping Study 网格计算中故障管理的十年研究:系统映射研究
Pedro Carvalho Filho, Clodoaldo Brasilino, A. Duarte
BACKGROUND: There is a large body of literature on research about fault management in grid computing. Despite being a well-established research area, there are no systematic studies focusing on characterizing the sorts of research that have been conducted, identifying well-explored topics as well as opportunities for further research. OBJECTIVE: This study aims at surveying the existing research on fault management in grid computing in order to identify useful approaches and opportunities for future research. METHOD: We conducted a systematic mapping study to collect, classify and analyze the research literature on fault management in grid computing indexed by the main search engines in the field. RESULTS: Our study selected and classified 257 scientific papers and was able to answer five research questions regarding the distribution of the scientific production over the time and space. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the selected studies focus on fault tolerance, with very few efforts towards fault prevention, prediction and removal.
背景:关于网格计算中的故障管理的研究有大量的文献。尽管这是一个成熟的研究领域,但没有系统的研究集中在描述已经进行的各种研究,确定充分探索的主题以及进一步研究的机会。目的:本研究旨在调查网格计算中故障管理的现有研究,以便为未来的研究找到有用的方法和机会。方法:采用系统的图谱研究方法,对该领域主要搜索引擎收录的网格计算故障管理研究文献进行收集、分类和分析。结果:选取并分类了257篇科学论文,回答了关于科学产出时空分布的5个研究问题。结论:大多数选定的研究都集中在容错上,很少有关于故障预防、预测和消除的研究。
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引用次数: 1
The Storage System for a Multimedia Data Manager Kernel 多媒体数据管理器内核的存储系统
C. R. Valêncio, F. Almeida, J. M. Machado, A. Colombini, L. A. Neves, Rogéria Cristiane Gratão de Souza
One way to boost the performance of a Database Management System (DBMS) is by fetching data in advance of their use, a technique known as prefetching. However, depending on the resource being used (file, disk partition, memory, etc.), the way prefetching is done might be different or even not necessary, forcing a DBMS to be aware of the underlying Storage System. In this paper we propose a Storage System that frees the DBMS of this task by exposing the database through a unique interface, no matter what kind of resource hosts it. We have implemented a file resource that recognizes and exploits sequential access patterns that emerge over time to prefetch adjacent blocks to the requested ones. Our approach is speculative because it considers past accesses, but it also considers hints from the upper layers of the DBMS, which must specify the access context in which a read operation takes place. The informed access context is then mapped to one of the available channels in the file resource, which is equipped with a set of internal buffers, one per channel, for the management of fetched and prefetched data. Prefetched data are moved to the main cache of the DBMS only if really requested by the application, which helps to avoid cache pollution. So, we slightly introduced a two level cache hierarchy without any intervention of the DBMS kernel. We ran the tests with different buffer settings and compared the results against the OBL policy, which showed that it is possible to get a read time up to two times faster in a highly concurrent environment without sacrificing the performance when the system is not under intensive workloads.
提高数据库管理系统(DBMS)性能的一种方法是在使用数据之前获取数据,这种技术称为预获取。然而,根据所使用的资源(文件、磁盘分区、内存等)的不同,预取的方式可能会有所不同,甚至是不必要的,这会迫使DBMS知道底层存储系统。在本文中,我们提出了一个存储系统,它通过一个唯一的接口暴露数据库,从而使DBMS从这个任务中解脱出来,而不管它是由什么样的资源承载的。我们已经实现了一个文件资源,它可以识别并利用随着时间的推移而出现的顺序访问模式,将相邻块预取到请求的块上。我们的方法是推测性的,因为它考虑了过去的访问,但它也考虑了来自DBMS上层的提示,这些提示必须指定读取操作发生的访问上下文。然后将知情访问上下文映射到文件资源中的一个可用通道,该通道配备了一组内部缓冲区,每个通道一个,用于管理已获取和预获取的数据。预取的数据只有在应用程序真正请求时才会移动到DBMS的主缓存中,这有助于避免缓存污染。因此,我们稍微引入了一个两级缓存层次结构,没有任何DBMS内核的干预。我们使用不同的缓冲区设置运行测试,并将结果与OBL策略进行比较,结果表明,在高度并发的环境中,读取时间可以提高两倍,而不会牺牲系统在非密集工作负载下的性能。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2013 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies
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