Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s11569-023-00436-3
Frank Irikefe Akpoviri, Syarul Nataqain Baharum, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol
With the advent of synthetic biology, scientists are increasingly relying on digital sequence information, instead of physical genetic resources. This article examines the potential impact of this shift on the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) regime of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol. These treaties require benefit-sharing with the owners of genetic resources. However, whether "genetic resources" include digital sequence information is unsettled. The CBD conceives genetic resources as genetic material containing functional units of heredity. "Material" implies tangibility, and for some scholars, "functional units of heredity," undefined in both treaties, mean full-coding sequences. This article argues that digital sequence information obtained from physical genetic resources, full-coding or not, should be treated as genetic resources. Literal construction of the CBD risks eroding its usefulness and the ABS regime. This is because through bioinformatics, sequence information can easily be obtained from genetic resources for utilization, without physically moving them or concluding ABS agreement with owners. The CBD must evolve with scientific progress also because sequence functionality depends on the state of knowledge. These arguments are vindicated by domestic ABS laws equating genetic information with genetic resources; Nagoya Protocol provisions deeming research exploiting the genetic composition of genetic resources as utilization of genetic resources; and CBD provisions requiring the sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. Moreover, treaty interpretation and case law demand that generic, scientific terms, such as "genetic resources" and "functional units of heredity" be interpreted in an evolutionary manner to capture scientific developments.
{"title":"Digital Sequence Information and the Access and Benefit-Sharing Obligation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.","authors":"Frank Irikefe Akpoviri, Syarul Nataqain Baharum, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol","doi":"10.1007/s11569-023-00436-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-023-00436-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the advent of synthetic biology, scientists are increasingly relying on digital sequence information, instead of physical genetic resources. This article examines the potential impact of this shift on the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) regime of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol. These treaties require benefit-sharing with the owners of genetic resources. However, whether \"genetic resources\" include digital sequence information is unsettled. The CBD conceives genetic resources as genetic material containing functional units of heredity. \"Material\" implies tangibility, and for some scholars, \"functional units of heredity,\" undefined in both treaties, mean full-coding sequences. This article argues that digital sequence information obtained from physical genetic resources, full-coding or not, should be treated as genetic resources. Literal construction of the CBD risks eroding its usefulness and the ABS regime. This is because through bioinformatics, sequence information can easily be obtained from genetic resources for utilization, without physically moving them or concluding ABS agreement with owners. The CBD must evolve with scientific progress also because sequence functionality depends on the state of knowledge. These arguments are vindicated by domestic ABS laws equating genetic information with genetic resources; Nagoya Protocol provisions deeming research exploiting the genetic composition of genetic resources as utilization of genetic resources; and CBD provisions requiring the sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. Moreover, treaty interpretation and case law demand that generic, scientific terms, such as \"genetic resources\" and \"functional units of heredity\" be interpreted in an evolutionary manner to capture scientific developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10043851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9241822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00427-w
Ying Wenjuan, C. Mitcham
{"title":"Before the Crane Took Flight: Interview with Chinese Philosopher of Technology Yuan Deyu","authors":"Ying Wenjuan, C. Mitcham","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00427-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00427-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00430-1
Paul J. Diduch
{"title":"Tractatus Politico-Technologicus as Common Cause","authors":"Paul J. Diduch","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00430-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00430-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"343-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48820279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00431-0
Ö. Özkan, Melike Şahinol, A. Aydinoğlu, Yeşim AYDIN SON
{"title":"Reflections on Turkish Personal Data Protection Law and Genetic Data in Focus Group Discussions","authors":"Ö. Özkan, Melike Şahinol, A. Aydinoğlu, Yeşim AYDIN SON","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00431-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00431-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"297 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45180757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00433-y
Glen Miller
{"title":"Toward a More Expansive Political Philosophy of Technology","authors":"Glen Miller","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00433-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00433-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"347-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46406543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00428-9
C. Mitcham
{"title":"Political Philosophy of Technology: After Leo Strauss (A Question of Sovereignty)","authors":"C. Mitcham","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00428-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00428-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44887834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00429-8
Yuk Hui
{"title":"For Dialogue Between Strauss and Stiegler","authors":"Yuk Hui","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00429-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00429-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"339-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1007/s11569-022-00424-z
T. Scheidsteger, R. Haunschild, C. Ettl
{"title":"Historical Roots and Seminal Papers of Quantum Technology 2.0","authors":"T. Scheidsteger, R. Haunschild, C. Ettl","doi":"10.1007/s11569-022-00424-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-022-00424-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18802,"journal":{"name":"Nanoethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48123462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号