The challenges encountered by women living with Fabry disease in Japan are not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the experiences of women with Fabry disease and their support networks from both female and male perspectives. A 22-question survey was conducted among patients with Fabry disease and their caregivers (≥18 years) in Japan between August and October 2023. Sixty-two recipients completed the questionnaire (11.5 % response rate); 47 (75.8 %) were female and the mean age was 52.4 years. Overall, 51 respondents (82.3 %) identified as patients, 2 (3.2 %) as caregivers, 6 (9.7 %) as both a patient and caregiver, and 3 (4.8 %) as “other”. In total, 43 respondents (69.4 %) were women with Fabry disease. Among life events surveyed, Fabry disease had the greatest impact for women during family planning. The most commonly reported concerns for women were inheritance of Fabry disease and impact on children, the main reasons for which were prejudice, stigma, and sense of guilt associated with inheritance. In all, 28.1 % of respondents felt family and colleagues understood women's challenges with Fabry disease, while 37.9 % believed their primary care physicians and 48.3 % felt their specialist physicians understood these challenges; 26.3 % thought women received tailored care, and 75.9 % felt the condition affects mental health. Women with Fabry disease in Japan face substantial emotional burdens and lack support from their community and physicians. Healthcare professionals can play a pivotal role by offering genetic counseling and developing support programs to alleviate mental burdens and provide education about the disease and family planning implications.
{"title":"Exploring the burdens of women living with Fabry disease in Japan: A patient survey of 62 respondents","authors":"Masahisa Kobayashi , Ikuko Kaku , Nanae Goto , Mio Tsuchiya , Norio Sakai","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenges encountered by women living with Fabry disease in Japan are not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the experiences of women with Fabry disease and their support networks from both female and male perspectives. A 22-question survey was conducted among patients with Fabry disease and their caregivers (≥18 years) in Japan between August and October 2023. Sixty-two recipients completed the questionnaire (11.5 % response rate); 47 (75.8 %) were female and the mean age was 52.4 years. Overall, 51 respondents (82.3 %) identified as patients, 2 (3.2 %) as caregivers, 6 (9.7 %) as both a patient and caregiver, and 3 (4.8 %) as “other”. In total, 43 respondents (69.4 %) were women with Fabry disease. Among life events surveyed, Fabry disease had the greatest impact for women during family planning. The most commonly reported concerns for women were inheritance of Fabry disease and impact on children, the main reasons for which were prejudice, stigma, and sense of guilt associated with inheritance. In all, 28.1 % of respondents felt family and colleagues understood women's challenges with Fabry disease, while 37.9 % believed their primary care physicians and 48.3 % felt their specialist physicians understood these challenges; 26.3 % thought women received tailored care, and 75.9 % felt the condition affects mental health. Women with Fabry disease in Japan face substantial emotional burdens and lack support from their community and physicians. Healthcare professionals can play a pivotal role by offering genetic counseling and developing support programs to alleviate mental burdens and provide education about the disease and family planning implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101235
Mai Thi Thanh Do , Dung Chi Vu , Mai Thi Chi Tran , Thao Phuong Bui , Ngoc Thi Bich Can , Khanh Ngoc Nguyen
Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) results in elevated LDL cholesterol, contributing to atherosclerosis and early-onset cardiovascular disease. Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene are the most common cause of familial hypercholesterolemia. Information regarding hypercholesterolemia in low- and middle-income nations is inadequate. This research aimed to characterise the phenotype and genotype of Vietnamese children diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Methods
This study included twenty-one children diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia from 15 unrelated families. Data regarding physical characteristics, biochemical testing, cardiac ultrasound, coronary angiography, and dual-source computed tomography were gathered at diagnosis and follow-up. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify disease-causing variants in twenty-one index cases.
Results
We found eighteen heterozygous and two homozygous/one compound heterozygous FH cases. Fourteen distinct variants were identified, with the most prevalent being c.664 T > C and c.681C>G, and exon 15 deletion. Furthermore, we identified the c.161A>C variant, which remains unreported in the literature. The median age at diagnosis was 6.7 years (0.5–17.5) and 8.3 years (6.3–13.3) in heterozygous and homozygous/compound heterozygous groups, respectively. 100 % homozygous/compound heterozygous cases and 16.7 % heterozygous cases presented xanthomas. The median plasma levels of LDL in heterozygous and homozygous/compound heterozygous groups were 6.6 mmol/l (3.8–12) and 10.8 mmol/l (10.7–11.7), respectively.
Conclusions
FH can appear early in childhood, and xanthomas primarily manifest in homozygous FH patients. LDLR gene variants in Vietnamese FH children were diverse, with 14 variants in 21 cases.
{"title":"Family hypercholesterolemia due to LDLR gene in Vietnamese children: characteristics of phenotype and genotype","authors":"Mai Thi Thanh Do , Dung Chi Vu , Mai Thi Chi Tran , Thao Phuong Bui , Ngoc Thi Bich Can , Khanh Ngoc Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) results in elevated LDL cholesterol, contributing to atherosclerosis and early-onset cardiovascular disease. Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene are the most common cause of familial hypercholesterolemia. Information regarding hypercholesterolemia in low- and middle-income nations is inadequate. This research aimed to characterise the phenotype and genotype of Vietnamese children diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included twenty-one children diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia from 15 unrelated families. Data regarding physical characteristics, biochemical testing, cardiac ultrasound, coronary angiography, and dual-source computed tomography were gathered at diagnosis and follow-up. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify disease-causing variants in twenty-one index cases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found eighteen heterozygous and two homozygous/one compound heterozygous FH cases. Fourteen distinct variants were identified, with the most prevalent being c.664 T > C and c.681C>G, and exon 15 deletion. Furthermore, we identified the c.161A>C variant, which remains unreported in the literature. The median age at diagnosis was 6.7 years (0.5–17.5) and 8.3 years (6.3–13.3) in heterozygous and homozygous/compound heterozygous groups, respectively. 100 % homozygous/compound heterozygous cases and 16.7 % heterozygous cases presented xanthomas. The median plasma levels of LDL in heterozygous and homozygous/compound heterozygous groups were 6.6 mmol/l (3.8–12) and 10.8 mmol/l (10.7–11.7), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FH can appear early in childhood, and xanthomas primarily manifest in homozygous FH patients. <em>LDLR</em> gene variants in Vietnamese FH children were diverse, with 14 variants in 21 cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101233
Eugen Mengel , Marc C. Patterson , Rosalia M. Da Riol , Mireia Del Toro , Federica Deodato , Matthias Gautschi , Stephanie Grunewald , Sabine Weller Grønborg , Paul Harmatz , Julia B. Hennermann , Bénédicte Héron , Esther M. Maier , Agathe Roubertie , Saikat Santra , Anna Tylki-Szymanska , Lisa LaGorio , Elizabeth Berry-Kravis , Forbes D. Porter , Beth Solomon , Louise Himmelstrup , Christine í Dali
Background
In the 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2/3 NPC-002 study (NCT02612129), arimoclomol significantly reduced annual disease progression versus placebo, measured by the 5-domain NPC Clinical Severity Scale (5DNPCCSS). Arimoclomol has been approved in the US for treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) in combination with miglustat. This paper introduces the rescored 4-domain NPCCSS (R4DNPCCSS) as a post-hoc primary endpoint in NPC-002, discusses its validation, and presents the results of the post-hoc primary analysis.
Methods
To more accurately assess changes in disease course over a 12-month time period in a heterogeneous group of patients, the Cognition domain was removed from the 5DNPCCSS and the Swallow domain was rescored to reflect linearity in disease progression. Rescoring of the Swallow domain was based on input from clinical NPC and swallow experts from a qualitative interview-based study (N = 12), resulting in the R4DNPCCSS. To supplement prior validation analyses, data supporting the overall validity and reliability of the R4DNPCCSS was gathered through additional analyses of construct and convergent validity. The NPC-002 prespecified primary efficacy endpoint analysis based on the 5DNPCCSS score change from baseline to 12 months was repeated with R4DNPCCSS.
Results
Construct validity analysis demonstrated high agreement between the R4DNPCCSS domain scores and the Clinical Global Impression Scale of Severity (CGI-S) and NPC Clinical Database (NPC-cdb) scores. Convergent validity was confirmed by strong correlations between the R4DNPCCSS domains and corresponding items on the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), 9-hole peg test (9-HPT), and Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) performance tests. The NPC-002 post-hoc primary analysis showed a mean standard error (SE) change in R4DNPCCSS score of 0.35 (0.40) with arimoclomol (N = 34) versus 2.05 (0.54) with placebo (N = 16), and a treatment effect in favor of arimoclomol over placebo of −1.70 (p = 0.0155). In the miglustat subgroup analysis, mean (SE) change in R4DNPCCSS score was −0.23 (1.02) with arimoclomol (N = 22) versus 1.92 (3.37) with placebo (N = 12), representing a treatment effect of −2.21 (p = 0.0077).
Conclusion
The R4DNPCCSS is a valid and reliable measure of disease progression demonstrating consistent outcomes with the prespecified 5DNPCCSS endpoint. Arimoclomol significantly slowed disease progression through 12 months as measured by the R4DNPCCSS versus placebo.
{"title":"Efficacy results from a 12-month double-blind randomized trial of arimoclomol for treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC): Presenting a rescored 4-domain NPC Clinical Severity Scale","authors":"Eugen Mengel , Marc C. Patterson , Rosalia M. Da Riol , Mireia Del Toro , Federica Deodato , Matthias Gautschi , Stephanie Grunewald , Sabine Weller Grønborg , Paul Harmatz , Julia B. Hennermann , Bénédicte Héron , Esther M. Maier , Agathe Roubertie , Saikat Santra , Anna Tylki-Szymanska , Lisa LaGorio , Elizabeth Berry-Kravis , Forbes D. Porter , Beth Solomon , Louise Himmelstrup , Christine í Dali","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2/3 NPC-002 study (<span><span>NCT02612129</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), arimoclomol significantly reduced annual disease progression versus placebo, measured by the 5-domain NPC Clinical Severity Scale (5DNPCCSS). Arimoclomol has been approved in the US for treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) in combination with miglustat. This paper introduces the rescored 4-domain NPCCSS (R4DNPCCSS) as a <em>post-hoc</em> primary endpoint in NPC-002, discusses its validation, and presents the results of the <em>post-hoc</em> primary analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To more accurately assess changes in disease course over a 12-month time period in a heterogeneous group of patients, the Cognition domain was removed from the 5DNPCCSS and the Swallow domain was rescored to reflect linearity in disease progression. Rescoring of the Swallow domain was based on input from clinical NPC and swallow experts from a qualitative interview-based study (<em>N</em> = 12), resulting in the R4DNPCCSS. To supplement prior validation analyses, data supporting the overall validity and reliability of the R4DNPCCSS was gathered through additional analyses of construct and convergent validity. The NPC-002 prespecified primary efficacy endpoint analysis based on the 5DNPCCSS score change from baseline to 12 months was repeated with R4DNPCCSS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Construct validity analysis demonstrated high agreement between the R4DNPCCSS domain scores and the Clinical Global Impression Scale of Severity (CGI-S) and NPC Clinical Database (NPC-cdb) scores. Convergent validity was confirmed by strong correlations between the R4DNPCCSS domains and corresponding items on the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), 9-hole peg test (9-HPT), and Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) performance tests. The NPC-002 <em>post-hoc</em> primary analysis showed a mean standard error (SE) change in R4DNPCCSS score of 0.35 (0.40) with arimoclomol (<em>N</em> = 34) versus 2.05 (0.54) with placebo (<em>N</em> = 16), and a treatment effect in favor of arimoclomol over placebo of −1.70 (<em>p</em> = 0.0155). In the miglustat subgroup analysis, mean (SE) change in R4DNPCCSS score was −0.23 (1.02) with arimoclomol (<em>N</em> = 22) versus 1.92 (3.37) with placebo (N = 12), representing a treatment effect of −2.21 (<em>p</em> = 0.0077).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The R4DNPCCSS is a valid and reliable measure of disease progression demonstrating consistent outcomes with the prespecified 5DNPCCSS endpoint. Arimoclomol significantly slowed disease progression through 12 months as measured by the R4DNPCCSS versus placebo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitochondrial myopathies are progressive muscle disorders caused by impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to reduced adenosine triphosphate production. Skeletal muscles have a high energy demand and are often the first to be affected. In addition to muscular symptoms (muscle weakness, effort intolerance, fatigue), the disease can affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the heart, liver, kidneys and endocrine system (diabetes). Molecular genetic diagnostic is currently based on leukocyte DNA obtained from blood samples, considered less invasive than muscle biopsy. We report four patients from three families with mitochondrial myopathy associated with ptosis, sensorineural hearing loss, epilepsy, tubulointerstitial nephropathy and cardiomyopathy. Genetic studies identified MT-TF variants (m.586G > A, m.601G > A, m.616 T > C) with highly variable heteroplasmy levels in the same patient from one tissue to another (5 % to 70 % mutant load in circulating blood leukocytes and in muscle respectively).
We emphasize the importance of performing mtDNA analysis on muscle DNA, even in patients with negative blood leukocytes mtDNA sequencing, if there is strong clinical suspicion of mitochondrial myopathy.
{"title":"Tissue-specific mitochondrial DNA, MT-TF, pathogenic variants in mitochondrial myopathies","authors":"Sylvia Rose , Aurélien Trimouille , Didier Lacombe , Edoardo Malfatti , Zahra Assouline , Julie Steffann , Isabelle Desguerre , Arnold Munnich , Agnès Rötig , Giulia Barcia","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondrial myopathies are progressive muscle disorders caused by impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to reduced adenosine triphosphate production. Skeletal muscles have a high energy demand and are often the first to be affected. In addition to muscular symptoms (muscle weakness, effort intolerance, fatigue), the disease can affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the heart, liver, kidneys and endocrine system (diabetes). Molecular genetic diagnostic is currently based on leukocyte DNA obtained from blood samples, considered less invasive than muscle biopsy. We report four patients from three families with mitochondrial myopathy associated with ptosis, sensorineural hearing loss, epilepsy, tubulointerstitial nephropathy and cardiomyopathy. Genetic studies identified <em>MT-TF</em> variants (m.586G > A, m.601G > A, m.616 T > C) with highly variable heteroplasmy levels in the same patient from one tissue to another (5 % to 70 % mutant load in circulating blood leukocytes and in muscle respectively).</div><div>We emphasize the importance of performing mtDNA analysis on muscle DNA, even in patients with negative blood leukocytes mtDNA sequencing, if there is strong clinical suspicion of mitochondrial myopathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101232
Ariane De Preter , Anne Rochtus , Peter Witters , Daisy Rymen
Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is rare. It is mainly due to monogenetic disorders, with congenital adrenal hyperplasia being the most common cause in the first year of life. Although several inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have been associated with PAI, increased awareness of PAI in IEM among both metabolic specialists and endocrinologists may improve patient outcomes. Here, we present a case series of patients with PAI and an IEM. Through a literature review, we discuss the various IEM that have been associated with adrenal insufficiency and explore the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these IEM to PAI. Based on the available data, pitfalls in the diagnosis of PAI in IEM are discussed and recommendations for early diagnosis are suggested. In addition, a non-exhaustive list of susceptible IEM was elaborated to encourage screening for PAI in IEM and vice versa.
{"title":"Adrenal insufficiency in inborn errors of metabolism and vice versa: Case reports and review of the literature","authors":"Ariane De Preter , Anne Rochtus , Peter Witters , Daisy Rymen","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is rare. It is mainly due to monogenetic disorders, with congenital adrenal hyperplasia being the most common cause in the first year of life. Although several inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have been associated with PAI, increased awareness of PAI in IEM among both metabolic specialists and endocrinologists may improve patient outcomes. Here, we present a case series of patients with PAI and an IEM. Through a literature review, we discuss the various IEM that have been associated with adrenal insufficiency and explore the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these IEM to PAI. Based on the available data, pitfalls in the diagnosis of PAI in IEM are discussed and recommendations for early diagnosis are suggested. In addition, a non-exhaustive list of susceptible IEM was elaborated to encourage screening for PAI in IEM and vice versa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101234
Dolat Singh Shekhawat , Amit Mittal , Kuldeep Singh
{"title":"Cost analysis of newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy using digital PCR vs. MLPA","authors":"Dolat Singh Shekhawat , Amit Mittal , Kuldeep Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101229
Eamon P. McCarron , Rajkumar Chinnadurai , Jonathan Meyer , Thomas Anderson , Karolina M. Stepien , Reena Sharma , Peter Woolfson , Ana Jovanovic
Introduction
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by alpha-galactosidase A deficiency, leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and progressive damage to the cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular systems.
Aims
This study aimed to assess real-world clinical outcomes in FD patients, focusing on predominantly cardiovascular (CV), but also severe renal, and cerebrovascular outcomes, as well as CV and all-cause mortality. It also explored associations between age at diagnosis, Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI), genetic mutations, and cardiometabolic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity.
Methods
A retrospective observational cohort study of 405 patients with FD was conducted by reviewing medical records from a National Centre over a 20-year period. Clinical outcomes, predominantly cardiovascular, but also severe renal and cerebrovascular events and mortality were assessed. Age at diagnosis, MSSI, and cardiometabolic risk factors were also evaluated. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
Nearly half (48 %) of patients experienced a defined clinical outcome. Higher age at diagnosis and baseline MSSI was observed in patients with poorer outcomes. The c.644 A > G (p.N215S) variant was linked with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiometabolic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity were common in patients with poorer outcomes. A high prevalence of arrhythmia, including paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), was observed. Multi-morbidity was noted in deceased patients. Use of cardiometabolic therapies in at-risk groups (e.g. sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists) was low.
Conclusion
This study highlights the clinical burden of FD, particularly among males with the c.644 A > G (p.N215S) variant. The frequent presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with adverse outcomes reinforces the importance of early diagnosis, comprehensive risk evaluation, and individualised management to improve long-term prognosis.
{"title":"Real-world clinical outcomes in adult patients with Fabry disease: A 20-year retrospective observational cohort study from a single centre","authors":"Eamon P. McCarron , Rajkumar Chinnadurai , Jonathan Meyer , Thomas Anderson , Karolina M. Stepien , Reena Sharma , Peter Woolfson , Ana Jovanovic","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by alpha-galactosidase A deficiency, leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and progressive damage to the cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular systems.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to assess real-world clinical outcomes in FD patients, focusing on predominantly cardiovascular (CV), but also severe renal, and cerebrovascular outcomes, as well as CV and all-cause mortality. It also explored associations between age at diagnosis, Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI), genetic mutations, and cardiometabolic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective observational cohort study of 405 patients with FD was conducted by reviewing medical records from a National Centre over a 20-year period. Clinical outcomes, predominantly cardiovascular, but also severe renal and cerebrovascular events and mortality were assessed. Age at diagnosis, MSSI, and cardiometabolic risk factors were also evaluated. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test and Chi-square test, with significance set at <em>p</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nearly half (48 %) of patients experienced a defined clinical outcome. Higher age at diagnosis and baseline MSSI was observed in patients with poorer outcomes. The c.644 A > G (p.N215S) variant was linked with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiometabolic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity were common in patients with poorer outcomes. A high prevalence of arrhythmia, including paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), was observed. Multi-morbidity was noted in deceased patients. Use of cardiometabolic therapies in at-risk groups (e.g. sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists) was low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the clinical burden of FD, particularly among males with the c.644 A > G (p.N215S) variant. The frequent presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with adverse outcomes reinforces the importance of early diagnosis, comprehensive risk evaluation, and individualised management to improve long-term prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is an X-linked lysosomal-storage disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding alpha-galactosidase A (GLA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with AFD and the types of medical specialists necessary to manage them in a prefecture with a population of 1.48 million.
Method
We included patients with GLA variants among patients diagnosed by genetic testing with AFD and managed at Shiga University of Medical Science from April 2010 and May 2024. The clinical information and data of the specialists engaged for the management of the patients were obtained from their medical records.
Result
In this study, 14 individuals from five families (four males, 29 %) were diagnosed with AFD. The age at diagnosis ranged from 9 to 68 years (mean age 38 ± 20 years). The estimated prevalence in the prefecture was 0.99 per 100,000 people, 0.57 per 100,000 males, and 1.39 per 100,000 females. They received treatment by specialists from eight different departments, and the average number of departments in which they were managed was 3.3 overall, 4.2 for males, and 2.9 for females.
Conclusion
The family history and genetic testing are useful for the precise diagnosis and treatment of patients with AFD. As such patients require interdisciplinary treatment, interdepartmental cooperation should be promoted for their systemic care.
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and interdepartmental collaboration for patients with Anderson–Fabry disease in Shiga Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Daisuke Tomioka , Shunsuke Takagi , Fumiko Nakazeki , Ayano Takagi , Ryosuke Fukazawa , Ueno Yoshiki , Yu Mimura , Koichi Kato , Hiroshi Sakai , Kosuke Yamahara , Shinji Kume , Yoshihisa Nakagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is an X-linked lysosomal-storage disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding alpha-galactosidase A (<em>GLA</em>). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with AFD and the types of medical specialists necessary to manage them in a prefecture with a population of 1.48 million.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We included patients with <em>GLA</em> variants among patients diagnosed by genetic testing with AFD and managed at Shiga University of Medical Science from April 2010 and May 2024. The clinical information and data of the specialists engaged for the management of the patients were obtained from their medical records.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>In this study, 14 individuals from five families (four males, 29 %) were diagnosed with AFD. The age at diagnosis ranged from 9 to 68 years (mean age 38 ± 20 years). The estimated prevalence in the prefecture was 0.99 per 100,000 people, 0.57 per 100,000 males, and 1.39 per 100,000 females. They received treatment by specialists from eight different departments, and the average number of departments in which they were managed was 3.3 overall, 4.2 for males, and 2.9 for females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The family history and genetic testing are useful for the precise diagnosis and treatment of patients with AFD. As such patients require interdisciplinary treatment, interdepartmental cooperation should be promoted for their systemic care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a rare genetic congenital disorder characterized by allelic heterogeneity, affecting the ectodermal structures. We present the case of a 4-month-old boy diagnosed with XLHED, suffering from recurrent aspiration pneumonia due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) since he was 1-month-old. This case highlights that GERD, when severe enough to cause aspiration pneumonia, may be associated with underlying ectodermal dysplasia, such as XLHED. In such cases, tube feeding may reduce the risk of pneumonia in infants with XLHED.
{"title":"X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease","authors":"Yamato Hanawa , Wataru Murasaki , Tatsuya Ando , Yuji Baba , Hiroyuki Namba","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a rare genetic congenital disorder characterized by allelic heterogeneity, affecting the ectodermal structures. We present the case of a 4-month-old boy diagnosed with XLHED, suffering from recurrent aspiration pneumonia due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) since he was 1-month-old. This case highlights that GERD, when severe enough to cause aspiration pneumonia, may be associated with underlying ectodermal dysplasia, such as XLHED. In such cases, tube feeding may reduce the risk of pneumonia in infants with XLHED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101224
Jesse Zhen Cheng Lee , Chit Kwong Chow , Cheuk-Wing Fung , Stephen Tak Yau Lui , Suet-Na Sheila Wong
Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that typically manifests as seizures resistant to conventional anticonvulsants, often presenting in the neonatal period to early infancy. One of the main treatments, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP), carry a risk of liver toxicity. Concerns about liver toxicity have emerged not only with high doses of PLP but also with lower doses, prompting further investigation into the relationship between PLP treatment and liver complications in patients with PNPO deficiency. This report presents the first case report of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a patient with PNPO deficiency receiving PLP Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase (PNPO), identified before reaching teenager. This case underscores the importance of regular liver function monitoring for patients on long-term PLP therapy, suggesting a potential association between PLP treatment and the development of HCC, which has significant implications for clinical management strategies.
{"title":"Case report: Hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency undergoing pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) treatment","authors":"Jesse Zhen Cheng Lee , Chit Kwong Chow , Cheuk-Wing Fung , Stephen Tak Yau Lui , Suet-Na Sheila Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that typically manifests as seizures resistant to conventional anticonvulsants, often presenting in the neonatal period to early infancy. One of the main treatments, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP), carry a risk of liver toxicity. Concerns about liver toxicity have emerged not only with high doses of PLP but also with lower doses, prompting further investigation into the relationship between PLP treatment and liver complications in patients with PNPO deficiency. This report presents the first case report of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a patient with PNPO deficiency receiving PLP Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase (PNPO), identified before reaching teenager. This case underscores the importance of regular liver function monitoring for patients on long-term PLP therapy, suggesting a potential association between PLP treatment and the development of HCC, which has significant implications for clinical management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18814,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 101224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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