Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.006
Ying Wei, Sonia Erfani, David Schweer, Rafael de Gouvea, Javeria Qadir, Junfeng Shi, Kai Cheng, Dabao Wu, Rolf Craven, Yadi Wu, Thibault Olivier, Lauren A Baldwin, Binhua Zhou, Ying Zhou, Weidong Zhao, Burton B Yang, Frederick R Ueland, Xiuwei H Yang
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been sought as therapeutic targets for EOC, as they are frequently hyperactivated in primary tumors and drive disease relapse, progression, and metastasis. More recently, these oncogenic drivers have been implicated in EOC response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and epigenome-interfering agents. This evidence revives RTKs as promising targets for therapeutic intervention of EOC. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of RTKs in EOC malignancy and the use of their inhibitors for clinical treatment. Our focus is on the ERBB family, c-Met, and VEGFR, as they are linked to drug resistance and targetable using commercially available drugs. The importance of these RTKs and their inhibitors is highlighted by their impact on signal transduction and intratumoral heterogeneity in EOC and successful use as maintenance therapy in the clinic through suppression of the VEGF/VEGFR axis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of RTK inhibitors is discussed in the context of combinatorial targeting via co-inhibiting proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, epigenomic/transcriptional programs, and harnessing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors and programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 immune checkpoint therapies.
{"title":"Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer: Genomic dysregulation, clinical evaluation of inhibitors, and potential for combinatorial therapies.","authors":"Ying Wei, Sonia Erfani, David Schweer, Rafael de Gouvea, Javeria Qadir, Junfeng Shi, Kai Cheng, Dabao Wu, Rolf Craven, Yadi Wu, Thibault Olivier, Lauren A Baldwin, Binhua Zhou, Ying Zhou, Weidong Zhao, Burton B Yang, Frederick R Ueland, Xiuwei H Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been sought as therapeutic targets for EOC, as they are frequently hyperactivated in primary tumors and drive disease relapse, progression, and metastasis. More recently, these oncogenic drivers have been implicated in EOC response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and epigenome-interfering agents. This evidence revives RTKs as promising targets for therapeutic intervention of EOC. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of RTKs in EOC malignancy and the use of their inhibitors for clinical treatment. Our focus is on the ERBB family, c-Met, and VEGFR, as they are linked to drug resistance and targetable using commercially available drugs. The importance of these RTKs and their inhibitors is highlighted by their impact on signal transduction and intratumoral heterogeneity in EOC and successful use as maintenance therapy in the clinic through suppression of the VEGF/VEGFR axis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of RTK inhibitors is discussed in the context of combinatorial targeting via co-inhibiting proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, epigenomic/transcriptional programs, and harnessing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors and programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 immune checkpoint therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/2a/main.PMC9999170.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9775616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease known for its dense tumor stroma. Focal adhesion kinase inhibitor (FAKi), a non-receptor type tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces the tumor stroma. G47Δ, a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, destroys tumor cells selectively and induces antitumor immune responses. This study evaluates the efficacy of FAKi and G47Δ in PDAC models in combination with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors. G47Δ was effective in human PDAC cell lines in vitro and in subcutaneous as well as orthotopic tumor models. Transgenic mouse-derived #146 cells were used to generate subcutaneous PDAC tumors with rich stroma in immunocompetent mice. In this #146 tumor model, the efficacy of FAKi was synergistically augmented when combined with G47Δ, which reflected not only a decreased stromal content but also a significant shifting of the tumor microenvironment toward immune stimulation. In transgenic autochthonous PKF mice, a rare model that develops stroma-rich PDAC with a 100% penetrance and resembles human PDAC in various aspects, the prolongation of survival compared with FAKi alone was achieved only when FAKi was combined with G47Δ and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The FAKi combination therapy may be useful to overcome the treatment resistance of stroma-rich PDAC.
{"title":"Overcoming resistance of stroma-rich pancreatic cancer with focal adhesion kinase inhibitor combined with G47Δ and immune checkpoint inhibitors.","authors":"Tomoharu Yamada, Ryosuke Tateishi, Miwako Iwai, Minoru Tanaka, Hideaki Ijichi, Makoto Sano, Kazuhiko Koike, Tomoki Todo","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease known for its dense tumor stroma. Focal adhesion kinase inhibitor (FAKi), a non-receptor type tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces the tumor stroma. G47Δ, a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, destroys tumor cells selectively and induces antitumor immune responses. This study evaluates the efficacy of FAKi and G47Δ in PDAC models in combination with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors. G47Δ was effective in human PDAC cell lines <i>in vitro</i> and in subcutaneous as well as orthotopic tumor models. Transgenic mouse-derived #146 cells were used to generate subcutaneous PDAC tumors with rich stroma in immunocompetent mice. In this #146 tumor model, the efficacy of FAKi was synergistically augmented when combined with G47Δ, which reflected not only a decreased stromal content but also a significant shifting of the tumor microenvironment toward immune stimulation. In transgenic autochthonous PKF mice, a rare model that develops stroma-rich PDAC with a 100% penetrance and resembles human PDAC in various aspects, the prolongation of survival compared with FAKi alone was achieved only when FAKi was combined with G47Δ and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The FAKi combination therapy may be useful to overcome the treatment resistance of stroma-rich PDAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/c2/main.PMC9801088.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.005
Jeffrey D Bryant, Jennifer S Lee, Ana De Almeida, Judy Jacques, Ching-Hung Chang, William Fassler, Christophe Quéva, Lorena Lerner, Edward M Kennedy
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) promote the anti-tumor immune response as their replication, and the subsequent lysis of tumor cells, triggers the activation of immune-sensing pathways. Arming OVs by expressing transgenes with the potential to promote immune cell recruitment and activation is an attractive strategy to enhance OVs' therapeutic benefit. For picornaviruses, a family of OVs with clinical experience, the expression of a transgene is limited by multiple factors: genome physical packaging limits, high rates of recombination, and viral-mediated inhibition of transgene secretion. Here, we evaluated strategies for arming Seneca Valley virus (SVV) with relevant immunomodulatory transgenes. Specificially in the contex of arming SVV, we evaluated transgene maximum size and stabiltity, transgene secretion, and the impact of transgene inclusion on viral fitness. We find that SVV is not capable of expressing secreted payloads and has a transgene packaging capacity of ∼10% of viral genome size. To enable transgene expression, we developed SVV replicons with greater transgene size capacity and secretion capabilities. SVV replicons can be packaged in trans by virus in co-infected cells to express immunomodulatory transgenes in surrounding cells, thus providing a means to enhance the potential of this therapeutic to augment the anti-tumor immune response.
{"title":"Seneca Valley virus replicons are packaged in <i>trans</i> and have the capacity to overcome the limitations of viral transgene expression.","authors":"Jeffrey D Bryant, Jennifer S Lee, Ana De Almeida, Judy Jacques, Ching-Hung Chang, William Fassler, Christophe Quéva, Lorena Lerner, Edward M Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncolytic viruses (OVs) promote the anti-tumor immune response as their replication, and the subsequent lysis of tumor cells, triggers the activation of immune-sensing pathways. Arming OVs by expressing transgenes with the potential to promote immune cell recruitment and activation is an attractive strategy to enhance OVs' therapeutic benefit. For picornaviruses, a family of OVs with clinical experience, the expression of a transgene is limited by multiple factors: genome physical packaging limits, high rates of recombination, and viral-mediated inhibition of transgene secretion. Here, we evaluated strategies for arming Seneca Valley virus (SVV) with relevant immunomodulatory transgenes. Specificially in the contex of arming SVV, we evaluated transgene maximum size and stabiltity, transgene secretion, and the impact of transgene inclusion on viral fitness. We find that SVV is not capable of expressing secreted payloads and has a transgene packaging capacity of ∼10% of viral genome size. To enable transgene expression, we developed SVV replicons with greater transgene size capacity and secretion capabilities. SVV replicons can be packaged in <i>trans</i> by virus in co-infected cells to express immunomodulatory transgenes in surrounding cells, thus providing a means to enhance the potential of this therapeutic to augment the anti-tumor immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/0d/main.PMC10018389.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.008
Giulia Diluvio, Tanya T Kelley, Mohini Lahiry, Annamil Alvarez-Trotta, Ellen M Kolb, Elena Shersher, Luisana Astudillo, Rhett A Kovall, Stephan C Schürer, Anthony J Capobianco
Notch activation complex kinase (NACK) is a component of the Notch transcriptional machinery critical for the Notch-mediated tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism through which NACK regulates Notch-mediated transcription is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that NACK binds and hydrolyzes ATP and that only ATP-bound NACK can bind to the Notch ternary complex (NTC). Considering this, we sought to identify inhibitors of this ATP-dependent function and, using computational pipelines, discovered the first small-molecule inhibitor of NACK, Z271-0326, that directly blocks the activity of Notch-mediated transcription and shows potent antineoplastic activity in PDX mouse models. In conclusion, we have discovered the first inhibitor that holds promise for the efficacious treatment of Notch-driven cancers by blocking the Notch activity downstream of the NTC.
{"title":"A novel chemical attack on Notch-mediated transcription by targeting the NACK ATPase.","authors":"Giulia Diluvio, Tanya T Kelley, Mohini Lahiry, Annamil Alvarez-Trotta, Ellen M Kolb, Elena Shersher, Luisana Astudillo, Rhett A Kovall, Stephan C Schürer, Anthony J Capobianco","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Notch activation complex kinase (NACK) is a component of the Notch transcriptional machinery critical for the Notch-mediated tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism through which NACK regulates Notch-mediated transcription is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that NACK binds and hydrolyzes ATP and that only ATP-bound NACK can bind to the Notch ternary complex (NTC). Considering this, we sought to identify inhibitors of this ATP-dependent function and, using computational pipelines, discovered the first small-molecule inhibitor of NACK, Z271-0326, that directly blocks the activity of Notch-mediated transcription and shows potent antineoplastic activity in PDX mouse models. In conclusion, we have discovered the first inhibitor that holds promise for the efficacious treatment of Notch-driven cancers by blocking the Notch activity downstream of the NTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/5e/main.PMC10015116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.003
Dmitry V Chouljenko, Yanal M Murad, I-Fang Lee, Zahid Delwar, Jun Ding, Guoyu Liu, Xiaohu Liu, Xuexian Bu, Yi Sun, Ismael Samudio, William Wei-Guo Jia
VG2025 is a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that uses transcriptional and translational dual regulation (TTDR) of critical viral genes to enhance virus safety and promote tumor-specific virus replication without reducing virulence. The TTDR platform is based on transcriptional control of the essential HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP27 using a tumor-specific carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter, coupled with translational control of the neurovirulence factor ICP34.5 using multiple microRNA (miR)-binding sites. VG2025 further incorporates IL-12 and the IL-15/IL-15 receptor alpha subunit complex to enhance the antitumor and immune stimulatory properties of oncolytic HSVs. The TTDR strategy was verified in vitro and shown to be highly selective. Strong in vivo antitumor efficacy was observed following both intratumoral and intravenous administration. Clear abscopal and immune memory effects were also evident, indicating a robust antitumor immune response. Gene expression profiling of treated tumors revealed increased immune cell infiltration and activation of multiple immune-signaling pathways when compared with the backbone virus. Absence of neurotoxicity was verified in mice and in rhesus monkeys. Taken together, the enhanced tumor clearance, excellent safety profile, and positive correlation between CEA levels and viral replication efficiency may provide an opportunity for using biomarker-based precision medicine in oncolytic virotherapy.
{"title":"Targeting carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumors using a novel transcriptional and translational dual-regulated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1.","authors":"Dmitry V Chouljenko, Yanal M Murad, I-Fang Lee, Zahid Delwar, Jun Ding, Guoyu Liu, Xiaohu Liu, Xuexian Bu, Yi Sun, Ismael Samudio, William Wei-Guo Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>VG2025 is a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that uses transcriptional and translational dual regulation (TTDR) of critical viral genes to enhance virus safety and promote tumor-specific virus replication without reducing virulence. The TTDR platform is based on transcriptional control of the essential HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP27 using a tumor-specific carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter, coupled with translational control of the neurovirulence factor ICP34.5 using multiple microRNA (miR)-binding sites. VG2025 further incorporates IL-12 and the IL-15/IL-15 receptor alpha subunit complex to enhance the antitumor and immune stimulatory properties of oncolytic HSVs. The TTDR strategy was verified <i>in vitro</i> and shown to be highly selective. Strong <i>in vivo</i> antitumor efficacy was observed following both intratumoral and intravenous administration. Clear abscopal and immune memory effects were also evident, indicating a robust antitumor immune response. Gene expression profiling of treated tumors revealed increased immune cell infiltration and activation of multiple immune-signaling pathways when compared with the backbone virus. Absence of neurotoxicity was verified in mice and in rhesus monkeys. Taken together, the enhanced tumor clearance, excellent safety profile, and positive correlation between CEA levels and viral replication efficiency may provide an opportunity for using biomarker-based precision medicine in oncolytic virotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/c3/main.PMC10018392.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.008
Yu-Ting Kao, Hsin-I Wang, Chi-Ting Shie, Chiou-Feng Lin, Michael M C Lai, Chia-Yi Yu
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive malignant brain cancer and is chemo- and radioresistant, with poor therapeutic outcomes. The "double-edged sword" of virus-induced cell death could be a potential solution if the oncolytic virus specifically kills cancer cells but spares normal ones. Zika virus (ZIKV) has been defined as a prospective oncolytic virus by selectively targeting GBM cells, but unclear understanding of how ZIKV kills GBM and the consequences hinders its application. Here, we found that the cellular gasdermin D (GSDMD) is required for the efficient death of a human GBM cell line caused by ZIKV infection. The ZIKV protease specifically cleaves human GSDMD to activate caspase-independent pyroptosis, harming both viral protease-harboring and naive neighboring cells. Analyzing human GSDMD variants showed that most people were susceptible to ZIKV-induced cytotoxicity, except for those with variants that resisted ZIKV cleavage or were defective in oligomerizing the N terminus GSDMD cleavage product. Consistently, ZIKV-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and cytolytic activity were both stopped by a small-molecule inhibitor targeting GSDMD oligomerization. Thus, potential ZIKV oncolytic therapy for GBM would depend on the patient's GSDMD genetic background and could be abolished by GSDMD inhibitors if required.
{"title":"Zika virus cleaves GSDMD to disseminate prognosticable and controllable oncolysis in a human glioblastoma cell model.","authors":"Yu-Ting Kao, Hsin-I Wang, Chi-Ting Shie, Chiou-Feng Lin, Michael M C Lai, Chia-Yi Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive malignant brain cancer and is chemo- and radioresistant, with poor therapeutic outcomes. The \"double-edged sword\" of virus-induced cell death could be a potential solution if the oncolytic virus specifically kills cancer cells but spares normal ones. Zika virus (ZIKV) has been defined as a prospective oncolytic virus by selectively targeting GBM cells, but unclear understanding of how ZIKV kills GBM and the consequences hinders its application. Here, we found that the cellular gasdermin D (GSDMD) is required for the efficient death of a human GBM cell line caused by ZIKV infection. The ZIKV protease specifically cleaves human GSDMD to activate caspase-independent pyroptosis, harming both viral protease-harboring and naive neighboring cells. Analyzing human GSDMD variants showed that most people were susceptible to ZIKV-induced cytotoxicity, except for those with variants that resisted ZIKV cleavage or were defective in oligomerizing the N terminus GSDMD cleavage product. Consistently, ZIKV-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and cytolytic activity were both stopped by a small-molecule inhibitor targeting GSDMD oligomerization. Thus, potential ZIKV oncolytic therapy for GBM would depend on the patient's GSDMD genetic background and could be abolished by GSDMD inhibitors if required.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9178067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively non-invasive anti-cancer therapy that employs a photosensitizer with a specific wavelength of light irradiation. PDT induces direct cell killing and enhancement effects on tumor immunity, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we perform a basic analysis of the anti-tumor effect of talaporfin sodium (TS)-PDT as well as its synergism with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody. We estimate the cell death mechanism induced by TS-PDT and the induction of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by TS-PDT in vitro. We establish a syngeneic mouse model of bilateral flank tumors and verify the enhancement of the abscopal effect on the non-irradiated side. TS-PDT induced apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-associated cell death in vitro. TS-PDT induced the release and/or expression of DAMPs in vitro. Tumor growth was inhibited in the TS-PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody combination group compared with other single-treatment or non-treatment groups in vivo. In summary, TS-PDT induces the release and/or expression of DAMPs, indicating that it activates innate immunity. PD-1 blockage enhances the anti-tumor immunity induced by TS-PDT. Thus, our results demonstrate that the combination of TS-PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody can potentially be used for anti-tumor therapy.
{"title":"Anti-tumor immunity enhancement by photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium and anti-programmed death 1 antibody.","authors":"Makiko Sasaki, Mamoru Tanaka, Yuki Kojima, Hirotada Nishie, Takaya Shimura, Eiji Kubota, Hiromi Kataoka","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively non-invasive anti-cancer therapy that employs a photosensitizer with a specific wavelength of light irradiation. PDT induces direct cell killing and enhancement effects on tumor immunity, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we perform a basic analysis of the anti-tumor effect of talaporfin sodium (TS)-PDT as well as its synergism with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody. We estimate the cell death mechanism induced by TS-PDT and the induction of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by TS-PDT <i>in vitro</i>. We establish a syngeneic mouse model of bilateral flank tumors and verify the enhancement of the abscopal effect on the non-irradiated side. TS-PDT induced apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-associated cell death <i>in vitro</i>. TS-PDT induced the release and/or expression of DAMPs <i>in vitro</i>. Tumor growth was inhibited in the TS-PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody combination group compared with other single-treatment or non-treatment groups <i>in vivo</i>. In summary, TS-PDT induces the release and/or expression of DAMPs, indicating that it activates innate immunity. PD-1 blockage enhances the anti-tumor immunity induced by TS-PDT. Thus, our results demonstrate that the combination of TS-PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody can potentially be used for anti-tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9209022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.007
Ga-Ram Hwang, John G Yuen, Andrew Fesler, Hannah Farley, John D Haley, Jingfang Ju
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for most cases. Despite advances in cancer therapeutics, the 5-year survival rate has remained poor due to several contributing factors, including its resistance to therapeutics. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop therapeutics that can overcome resistance. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), have been found to contribute to cancer resistance and therapeutics by modulating the expression of several targets involving multiple key mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of miR-129 modified with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in NSCLC. Our results show that 5-FU modified miR-129 (5-FU-miR-129) inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and retains function as an miRNA in NSCLC cell lines A549 and Calu-1. Notably, we observed that 5-FU-miR-129 was able to overcome resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy in cell lines resistant to erlotinib or 5-FU. Furthermore, we observed that the inhibitory effect of 5-FU-miR-129 can also be achieved in NSCLC cells under vehicle-free conditions. Finally, 5-FU-miR-129 inhibited NSCLC tumor growth and extended survival in vivo without toxic side effects. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of 5-FU-miR-129 as a highly potent cancer therapeutic in NSCLC.
肺癌是美国癌症相关死亡的主要原因,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占大多数病例。尽管癌症治疗取得了进展,但由于几种因素,包括对治疗药物的耐药性,5年生存率仍然很低。因此,迫切需要开发能够克服耐药性的治疗方法。非编码rna,包括microRNAs (miRNAs),已被发现通过调节涉及多个关键机制的几个靶点的表达来促进癌症抵抗和治疗。在这项研究中,我们研究了5-氟尿嘧啶修饰的miR-129在NSCLC中的治疗潜力。我们的研究结果表明,5-FU修饰的miR-129 (5-FU-miR-129)在NSCLC细胞系A549和Calu-1中抑制增殖,诱导凋亡,并保留miRNA的功能。值得注意的是,我们观察到5-FU- mir -129能够在对厄洛替尼或5-FU耐药的细胞系中克服对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和化疗的耐药性。此外,我们观察到在无载体条件下,5-FU-miR-129也可以在NSCLC细胞中实现抑制作用。最后,5-FU-miR-129抑制NSCLC肿瘤生长,延长体内生存期,无毒副作用。总之,我们的研究结果证明了5-FU-miR-129作为一种高效的非小细胞肺癌治疗药物的潜力。
{"title":"Development of a 5-FU modified miR-129 mimic as a therapeutic for non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Ga-Ram Hwang, John G Yuen, Andrew Fesler, Hannah Farley, John D Haley, Jingfang Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for most cases. Despite advances in cancer therapeutics, the 5-year survival rate has remained poor due to several contributing factors, including its resistance to therapeutics. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop therapeutics that can overcome resistance. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), have been found to contribute to cancer resistance and therapeutics by modulating the expression of several targets involving multiple key mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of miR-129 modified with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in NSCLC. Our results show that 5-FU modified miR-129 (5-FU-miR-129) inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and retains function as an miRNA in NSCLC cell lines A549 and Calu-1. Notably, we observed that 5-FU-miR-129 was able to overcome resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy in cell lines resistant to erlotinib or 5-FU. Furthermore, we observed that the inhibitory effect of 5-FU-miR-129 can also be achieved in NSCLC cells under vehicle-free conditions. Finally, 5-FU-miR-129 inhibited NSCLC tumor growth and extended survival <i>in vivo</i> without toxic side effects<i>.</i> Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of 5-FU-miR-129 as a highly potent cancer therapeutic in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/2c/main.PMC9995506.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9102587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been documented to be involved in cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, approaches designed to target these genes may facilitate the development of promising strategies for treating HCC. Previously, we showed that lncRNA BBOX1-AS1 was highly expressed and played an oncogenic role in HCC. However, the potential functions and mechanisms through which BBOX1-AS1 regulates HCC progression and drug resistance remain unclear. This study revealed that BBOX1-AS1 could promote tumor progression, autophagy, and drug resistance by upregulating PHF8 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, BBOX1-AS1 enhanced the stability of PHF8 mRNA by targeting the PHF8 inhibitor miR-361-3p to regulate tumor progression and autophagy in HCC. The functional rescue experiments showed that PHF8 acted as a key factor in regulating the biological effects induced by BBOX1-AS1 and miR-361-3p in HCC, indicating that BBOX1-AS1 promotes tumor progression and sorafenib resistance by regulating miR-361-3p/PHF8. Finally, mouse tumor models and patient-derived organoid models were established to further confirm these findings. Taken together, the results demonstrate that BBOX1-AS1 promotes HCC progression and sorafenib resistance via the miR-361-3p/PHF8 axis.
{"title":"Oncogenic lncRNA BBOX1-AS1 promotes PHF8-mediated autophagy and elicits sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Haisu Tao, Yuxin Zhang, Jiang Li, Junjie Liu, Tong Yuan, Wenqiang Wang, Huifang Liang, Erlei Zhang, Zhiyong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been documented to be involved in cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, approaches designed to target these genes may facilitate the development of promising strategies for treating HCC. Previously, we showed that lncRNA BBOX1-AS1 was highly expressed and played an oncogenic role in HCC. However, the potential functions and mechanisms through which BBOX1-AS1 regulates HCC progression and drug resistance remain unclear. This study revealed that BBOX1-AS1 could promote tumor progression, autophagy, and drug resistance by upregulating PHF8 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, BBOX1-AS1 enhanced the stability of PHF8 mRNA by targeting the PHF8 inhibitor miR-361-3p to regulate tumor progression and autophagy in HCC. The functional rescue experiments showed that PHF8 acted as a key factor in regulating the biological effects induced by BBOX1-AS1 and miR-361-3p in HCC, indicating that BBOX1-AS1 promotes tumor progression and sorafenib resistance by regulating miR-361-3p/PHF8. Finally, mouse tumor models and patient-derived organoid models were established to further confirm these findings. Taken together, the results demonstrate that BBOX1-AS1 promotes HCC progression and sorafenib resistance via the miR-361-3p/PHF8 axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9852557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9191149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.006
David S J Allan, Chuanfeng Wu, Ryland D Mortlock, Mala Chakraborty, Katayoun Rezvani, Jan K Davidson-Moncada, Cynthia E Dunbar, Richard W Childs
Multiple clinical trials exploring the potential of adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy for cancer have employed ex vivo expansion using feeder cells to obtain large numbers of NK cells. We have previously utilized the rhesus macaque model to clonally track the NK cell progeny of barcode-transduced CD34+ stem and progenitor cells after transplant. In this study, NK cells from barcoded rhesus macaques were used to study the changes in NK cell clonal patterns that occurred during ex vivo expansion using culture protocols similar to those employed in clinical preparation of human NK cells including irradiated lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) feeder cells or K562 cells expressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-21 (IL-21). NK expansion cultures resulted in the proliferation of clonally diverse NK cells, which, at day 14 harvest, contained greater than 50% of the starting barcode repertoire. Diversity as measured by Shannon index was maintained after culture. With both LCL and K562 feeders, proliferation of long-lived putative memory-like NK cell clones was observed, with these clones continuing to constitute a mean of 31% of the total repertoire of expanded cells. These experiments provide insight into the clonal makeup of expanded NK cell clinical products.
{"title":"Expanded NK cells used for adoptive cell therapy maintain diverse clonality and contain long-lived memory-like NK cell populations.","authors":"David S J Allan, Chuanfeng Wu, Ryland D Mortlock, Mala Chakraborty, Katayoun Rezvani, Jan K Davidson-Moncada, Cynthia E Dunbar, Richard W Childs","doi":"10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple clinical trials exploring the potential of adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy for cancer have employed <i>ex vivo</i> expansion using feeder cells to obtain large numbers of NK cells. We have previously utilized the rhesus macaque model to clonally track the NK cell progeny of barcode-transduced CD34<sup>+</sup> stem and progenitor cells after transplant. In this study, NK cells from barcoded rhesus macaques were used to study the changes in NK cell clonal patterns that occurred during <i>ex vivo</i> expansion using culture protocols similar to those employed in clinical preparation of human NK cells including irradiated lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) feeder cells or K562 cells expressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-21 (IL-21). NK expansion cultures resulted in the proliferation of clonally diverse NK cells, which, at day 14 harvest, contained greater than 50% of the starting barcode repertoire. Diversity as measured by Shannon index was maintained after culture. With both LCL and K562 feeders, proliferation of long-lived putative memory-like NK cell clones was observed, with these clones continuing to constitute a mean of 31% of the total repertoire of expanded cells. These experiments provide insight into the clonal makeup of expanded NK cell clinical products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18869,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Therapy Oncolytics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/57/main.PMC9842935.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9178064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}