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Investigating the Effect of Gypsum Powder on Chemical Constituents of Soil and Selected Crops, Adigudem, Tigray, Ethiopia 石膏粉对埃塞俄比亚提格雷Adigudem土壤和选定作物化学成分影响的研究
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v13i1.9
Berhe Hailu, S. Estifanos
This paper investigates the effects of gypsum powder from the gypsum plant in Adigudem on chemical properties of soil as well as the yield of two major crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Three mixes of 10kg of soil with 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% proportion of gypsum powder were used for pot experiments under glasshouse conditions at Mekelle University. One bulk soil sample was collected from a spot at 4 km from the eastern side of the plant. The chemical concentration of major elements Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Mn, and trace elements, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Fe in soil and plant parts were determined using an Atomic absorption spectrometer as well as NO3, PO4 and SO4 using UV-spectrometer. The results suggest that the gypsum powder enhances metals and anion content in soil and in crop parts compared to the control sample. The chemical constituents in soil and crop parts showed negligible variation with increasing proportions of gypsum powder. Gypsum loaded Ca, SO4, Mn, and Pb onto the soil, which exhibited higher Mg, Cu, Mo, Cd, NO3, and PO4 but the comparable concentrations of Fe, K, Zn, and Cr in decreasing order. However, a direct relationship was noted in chemical constituent loadings along the pathway:  powder-soil-crop in a similar fashion in the three mixes. Factor analyses revealed that wheat parts have a higher accumulation of nutrients than the barley parts with higher content in its growth soil blends.  As an extension of this research, the in-situ investigation is recommended to assess the direct impact of the gypsum powder emitted over the soil and crops.
本文研究了Adigudem石膏厂生产的石膏粉对土壤化学性质的影响,以及对两种主要作物小麦和大麦产量的影响。采用石膏粉掺量为0%、10%、30%和50%的3种10kg混合土,在Mekelle大学的温室条件下进行盆栽试验。在距工厂东侧4公里处的一个地点采集了一大块土壤样本。采用原子吸收光谱法测定了土壤和植物各部位主要元素Ca、K、Na、Mg、Mn和微量元素Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Fe的化学浓度,采用紫外光谱法测定了NO3、PO4、SO4的化学浓度。结果表明,与对照样品相比,石膏粉提高了土壤和作物部位的金属和阴离子含量。土壤和作物部位的化学成分随石膏粉掺量的增加变化不大。石膏在土壤中加载Ca、SO4、Mn和Pb,土壤中Mg、Cu、Mo、Cd、NO3和PO4的浓度较高,而Fe、K、Zn和Cr的浓度依次递减。然而,在化学成分负荷中发现了直接的关系:粉末-土壤-作物在三种混合物中以类似的方式存在。因子分析表明,小麦部分的养分积累量高于大麦部分。作为本研究的延伸,建议进行现场调查,以评估排放的石膏粉对土壤和作物的直接影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Some Botanical Extracts Against Major Insect Pests (Leafminer, Armored scale and Woolly Whitefly) of Citrus Plants in Central Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷中部地区几种植物提取物对柑橘类植物主要害虫(叶螨、甲鳞虫和白蝇)的防治效果评价
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-07-07 DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v11i2.6
F. Ibrahim, Tsehaye Hadush, G. Abraha, A. Alemu
Citrus fruit production is suffering from various yield-limiting factors particularly the sucking pests viz, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella , woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus and scale insects especially armored scales Aonidiella auriantii . The present paper tries to identify the effective botanical insecticides against these insect pests on citrus orange. An experiment was conducted in the established citrus orange farm in Kolla Temben at two farmer’s fields, Adiha and Agibe during the off-season of 2018 under irrigation growing condition in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and replicated thrice. The findings in both experimental sites showed that the neem seed extract had a significantly (P=0.001) lower leafminer infestation levels compared to the untreated control which is on par to the insecticide treatment of dimethoate. On the other hand, in both areas, whitefly mortality of more than 81% on average was recorded from neem seed extract followed by Tree tobacco (70%) (P=0.001). For scale insects however, in both experimental sites, the highest mean percent mortality was recorded from the insecticide dimethoate 40% EC (86.9%, 87.2 & 86.0%on average) followed by neem seed and tree tobacco extracts,70.1 and 65.4% respectively. The botanicals particularly the neem seed extracts followed by tree tobacco are as effective as the chemical insecticide, dimethoate 40% EC, even superior in some cases, in controlling the target pests. Therefore, these botanicals could be used as an IPM component for against the target pests.
柑桔生产受到各种产量限制因素的影响,特别是吸吮性害虫柑桔叶蝉、绵粉虱、絮状粉虱和蚧虫,尤其是甲鳞螟。本文试图寻找有效的植物性杀虫剂来防治柑桔害虫。本试验于2018年休季在Kolla Temben的两个农户田Adiha和Agibe进行,采用随机完全区组设计,6个处理,重复3次,在灌溉生长条件下进行。两个试验点的研究结果表明,与未经处理的对照相比,印楝籽提取物的叶螨侵染水平显著(P=0.001)降低,与杀虫剂处理的乐果相当。另一方面,在这两个地区,印楝籽提取物的白蝇平均死亡率均超过81%,其次是烟叶(70%)(P=0.001)。然而,在两个试验点,杀虫剂乐果40% EC的平均死亡率最高,分别为86.9%、87.2和86.0%,其次是印楝籽和树烟提取物,分别为70.1%和65.4%。在控制目标害虫方面,植物药,特别是印度楝籽提取物,然后是树烟草,与化学杀虫剂,乐果40% EC一样有效,在某些情况下甚至更好。因此,这些植物制剂可作为防治目标害虫的IPM成分。
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引用次数: 1
Performance of Micro and Small Enterprisers in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷地区微型和小型企业家的业绩
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v12i1.7
Gebretsadik Gebru Wubet, G. Mmopelwa
Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) have become the focus of attention for the economic development, economic growth and job creations in the world. Majority of the firms worldwide are dominated by businesses of micro and small enterprises. In developing countries, the informal sector that mainly establishes MSE remains the major source of employment and income for the urban population. A study was conducted to examine the performance of MSE in three zones of Tigray State, namely, Southern zone, Mekelle zone and Eastern zone. The data was collected using structured questionnaire on 246 MSE business owners. The data are analyzed using multiple linear regressions (dummy), Cross tabulations and chi-square test for test of independence. The result revealed that Gender, initial capital, enterprise and job type are found to be important factors of performance of MSE. There is a gender difference on sector type, education level and work sheds of micro and small enterprises business owner. The result also showed that initial capital has positively affected the performance of business owners and men headed business owners have better performance than female headed business owners. Keywords: Micro- and Small Enterprises, Performance, Gender, Tigray, Ethiopia.
微型和小型企业已成为世界各国经济发展、经济增长和创造就业的焦点。世界上大多数公司都是由微型和小型企业主导的。在发展中国家,主要建立MSE的非正规部门仍然是城市人口就业和收入的主要来源。进行了一项研究,以检查提格雷州三个地区,即南部地区、Mekelle地区和东部地区的MSE表现。采用结构化问卷对246名中小微企业主进行调查。数据分析采用多元线性回归(虚拟)、交叉表和卡方检验进行独立性检验。结果发现,性别、初始资本、企业和工作类型是影响中小企业家绩效的重要因素。小微企业企业主的行业类型、受教育程度和工作场所存在性别差异。结果还显示,初始资本对企业主的绩效有正向影响,男性企业主的绩效优于女性企业主。关键词:小微企业,绩效,性别,提格雷,埃塞俄比亚
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引用次数: 4
Second Degree Generalized Successive Over Relaxation Method for Solving System of Linear Equations 求解线性方程组的二阶广义逐次过松弛方法
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/MEJS.V12I1.4
Firew Hailu, G. Gonfa, Hailu Muleta Chemeda
In this paper, a second degree generalized successive over relaxation iterative method for solving system of linear equations based on the decomposition  A= Dm+Lm+Um  is presented and the convergence properties of the proposed method are discussed. Two numerical examples are considered to show the efficiency of the proposed method. The results presented in tables show that the Second Degree Generalized Successive Over Relaxation Iterative method is more efficient than the other methods considered based on number of iterations, computational running time and accuracy. Keywords: Second Degree, Generalized Gauss Seidel, Successive over relaxation, Convergence.
本文提出了一种基于分解a=Dm+Lm+Um求解线性方程组的二阶广义逐次过松弛迭代方法,并讨论了该方法的收敛性。通过两个算例验证了该方法的有效性。表中的结果表明,基于迭代次数、计算运行时间和精度,二阶广义逐次过松弛迭代方法比其他方法更有效。关键词:二阶,广义高斯-塞德尔,逐次超松弛,收敛性。
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引用次数: 4
A Seven-Step Block Multistep Method for the Solution of First Order Stiff Differential Equations 求解一阶刚性微分方程的七步块多步方法
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v12i1.5
S. Gebregiorgis, H. Muleta
In this paper, a seven-step block method for the solution of first order initial value problem in ordinary differential equations based on collocation of the differential equation and interpolation of the approximate solution using power series have been formed. The method is found to be consistent and zero-stable which guarantees convergence. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the method.  Keywords: Power series, Collocation, Interpolation, Block method, Stiff.
本文在微分方程配置和幂级数近似解插值的基础上,提出了求解常微分方程一阶初值问题的七步法。该方法具有一致性和零稳定性,保证了算法的收敛性。最后通过数值算例说明了该方法的准确性和有效性。关键词:幂级数,配位,插值,块法,Stiff。
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引用次数: 1
Economic Contribution of Cart Horses to the Livelihoods of Families in Gondar Town Ethiopia 马车对埃塞俄比亚贡达尔镇家庭生计的经济贡献
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v12i1.9
Hamelmal Asfaw, Gebrehiwot Tadesse
Equines are providing traction power and transport services, like pulling cart, packing and riding, at low cost in both rural and urban areas of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar city from November 2014 to April 2015 to assess major health problems and to investigate the economic contribution of cart horses to livelihood of the community. Cart horses were randomly selected from the study area. Observational study was also conducted and semi-structured questionnaire survey was administered to all cart horse owners. The study revealed that behavioral responses, skin coat and dental conditions were significantly associated with body condition and age of cart horses (p<0.05). Wound and musculoskeletal problem had no significant association with body condition and age of working horses. Young horses with good body conditions were more prone to wounds (75%) than the older horses with poor body conditions. The majority of the carthorse owners used their horses for transportation for long hours (> 8 hours) per a day, 5-6 days per week and loaded them 500-700 kg. The income in cash for the cart horse owners was recorded as 80-100 ETB per day. The current study indicated that the cart horse contribution to livelihood of communities is considerable. The working animals deserve better husbandry and veterinary care to sustain their contribution. We suggest a more detailed and systematic study be conducted in the study area to influence policy makers towards better regulation in animal welfare. Keywords: Cart horses, Economic contribution, Gondar, Ethiopia.
在埃塞俄比亚的农村和城市地区,马以低廉的价格提供牵引动力和运输服务,如拉车、打包和骑马。2014年11月至2015年4月在贡达尔市进行了一项横断面研究,以评估主要健康问题并调查马车对社区生计的经济贡献。从研究区域中随机选择马车。同时对所有马主进行了观察性研究和半结构化问卷调查。研究表明,行为反应、皮肤和牙齿状况与马车的身体状况和年龄显著相关(每天8小时,每周5-6天),并使它们负重500-700公斤。马车主人的现金收入记录为每天80-100 ETB。目前的研究表明,马车对社区生计的贡献是相当大的。劳动动物应该得到更好的饲养和兽医照顾,以维持它们的贡献。我们建议在研究区域进行更详细和系统的研究,以影响政策制定者更好地监管动物福利。关键词:马车,经济贡献,贡达尔,埃塞俄比亚。
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引用次数: 1
CORRECTION to "Study on gross pulmonary lesions in lungs of slaughtered animals and their economics importance in Tigray, Ethiopia” MEJS, 2015, 7(1): 46-54. 更正“埃塞俄比亚提格雷屠宰动物肺部严重肺部病变及其经济重要性研究”,MEJS,2015,7(1):46-54。
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/MEJS.V12I1
Mejs
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Salt Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Camelina sativa L. 盐胁迫对亚麻荠种子萌发及幼苗早期生长的影响。
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/MEJS.V12I1.1
G. Yohannes, Leul Kidane, B. Abraha, Tadesse Beyene
Camelina sativa is a promising low-input, high yielding biodiesel crop that can be suitable to grow on marginal lands and is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. But, saltiness is an overall issue of agriculture that constrains the germination, development and productivity of plant because of osmotic and ionic poisonous quality impacts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of salinity (NaCl and KCl) on germination and early seedling growth of Camelina sativa. Camelina sativa seeds were obtained from agricultural research sector of Wachemo University. In the laboratory, six salinity levels of NaCl and KCl (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/L) were prepared and arranged in completely randomized design with four replications. The result of the study revealed that C. sativa seedlings were differ significantly (p<0.05) on speed of germination, germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, vigor index, root shoot ratio and seedling fresh weight, relative injury rates  of NaCl and KCl, shoot height reduction and root height reduction. However, there is no significant effect between salt type versus salinity level and salt type in all parameters tested except shoot length and shoot height reduction at 5% significant level. The increase in both salts (NaCl and KCl) concentration in culture medium causes a significant decreases in speed of germination, germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, vigor index, root shoot ratio and seedling fresh weight of the salt treated C. sativa seeds as compared with the control (C. sativa seeds watered with distilled water). Similarly, relative injury rates NaCl and KCl shoot height reduction, root height reduction were highly increased as salinity level increases. Generally, as the concentration of NaCl and KCl was increased the overall germination and early seedling performance of C. sativa decreased. The effect of salinity on physiology, molecular and biochemical of properties of C. sativa should be studied. Keywords: Camelina sativa, Salinity effect, NaCl, KCl, Seed germination, Seedling growth.
Camelina sativa是一种很有前途的低投入、高产生物柴油作物,适合在边缘土地上种植,是ω-3脂肪酸的良好来源。但是,盐分是农业的一个整体问题,由于渗透性和离子毒性的质量影响,它限制了植物的发芽、发育和生产力。本研究的目的是评估盐度(NaCl和KCl)对Camelina sativa发芽和幼苗早期生长的影响。Camelina sativa种子是从瓦切莫大学的农业研究部门获得的。在实验室中,制备了六种盐度水平的NaCl和KCl(0、1、2、3、4和5g/L),并以完全随机设计的方式进行了四次重复。研究结果表明,紫花苜蓿幼苗在发芽速度、发芽率、发芽指数、芽长、根长、活力指数、根冠比和幼苗鲜重、NaCl和KCl的相对伤害率、芽高降低和根高降低等方面存在显著差异(p<0.05)。然而,在所有测试的参数中,盐类型与盐度水平和盐类型之间没有显著影响,除了在5%显著水平下降低芽长和芽高。培养基中盐(NaCl和KCl)浓度的增加导致盐处理的紫花苜蓿种子的发芽速度、发芽率、发芽指数、芽长、根长、活力指数、根冠比和幼苗鲜重与对照(蒸馏水灌溉的紫花苜蓿)相比显著降低。同样,相对伤害率NaCl和KCl地上部高度降低、根系高度降低均随盐度的增加而显著增加。一般来说,随着NaCl和KCl浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿的整体发芽率和幼苗早期生长性能下降。应研究盐度对紫花苜蓿生理、分子和生化特性的影响。关键词:骆驼花;盐度效应;NaCl、KCl;种子萌发;幼苗生长。
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引用次数: 4
Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Model: A Tool for Water Quality Interpretation 多元线性回归(MLR)模型:一种水质解释工具
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/MEJS.V12I1.8
Ogbozige F. J, Toko M. A, Arawo C.C
The lack of standard water analysis equipment as well as inadequate trained personnel especially in the developing countries has discouraged many researchers in such countries to execute water quality researches. Hence, this paper presents developed mathematical relationship among some physicochemical parameters in order to aid the determination of the concentrations of certain parameters with the use of minimal equipment. This was achieved by weekly analyzing 7 physicochemical parameters of two sources of potable water (tap water and borehole water) stored in different containers for a period of 6 weeks using standard methods. The storage containers used were black plastic tank, blue plastic tank, green plastic tank, coated steel metal tank, uncoated steel metal tank and clay pot. The parameters examined were turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, alkalinity, chloride ion (Cl-), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total hardness. Results showed that the relationship between electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity (Alk), total hardness (TH) and chloride ion (Cl-) is given as; EC = -224.8066493 + 6.244028022(Alk) + 0.28204735(TH) + 0.000518108(Cl-). A programing language was written on the models using Visual Basic.Net (VB.Net) version 2018. Keywords: Water, Physicochemical, Parameters, Function, Equation.
缺乏标准的水分析设备以及受过培训的人员不足,尤其是在发展中国家,阻碍了这些国家的许多研究人员进行水质研究。因此,本文提出了一些物理化学参数之间的数学关系,以帮助使用最小设备确定某些参数的浓度。这是通过使用标准方法每周分析储存在不同容器中6周的两种饮用水来源(自来水和钻孔水)的7个物理化学参数来实现的。所用的储存容器有黑色塑料罐、蓝色塑料罐、绿色塑料罐、涂层钢金属罐、涂层金属钢罐和粘土罐。检测的参数包括浊度、电导率(EC)、pH、碱度、氯离子(Cl-)、溶解氧(DO)和总硬度。结果表明,电导率(EC)、碱度(Alk)、总硬度(TH)和氯离子(Cl-)之间的关系为:;EC=-224.8066493+6.244028022(Alk)+0.28204735(TH)+0.000518108(Cl-)。使用Visual Basic.Net(VB.Net)2018版在模型上编写了一种编程语言。关键词:水,理化,参数,函数,方程。
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引用次数: 1
MHD Partial Slip Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids through a Porous Medium Over a Stretching Sheet with Convective Boundary Condition 具有对流边界条件的纳米流体在多孔介质上的MHD部分滑移流动和传热
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v12i1.3
Y. Yirga
This paper investigates the boundary layer analysis for magnetohydrodynamic partial slip flow and heat transfer of nanofluids through porous media over a stretching sheet with convective boundary condition. Four types of nanoparticles, namely copper, alumina, copper oxide and titanium oxide in the ethylene glycol (50%, i.e., Pr = 29.86) and water (i.e., Pr = 6.58) based fluids are studied. The governing highly nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations are solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting techniques. The velocity and temperature profiles are obtained and utilized to compute the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number for different values of the governing parameters viz. nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, magnetic field parameter, porosity parameter, velocity slip parameter and convective parameter. It is found that the velocity distribution of the nanofluids is a decreasing function of the magnetic parameter, porosity parameter, and velocity slip parameter. However, temperature of the nanofluids is an increasing function of magnetic field parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, porosity parameter, velocity slip parameter and convective parameter. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the four nanofluids are compared. Moreover, comparison of the numerical results is made with previously published works for special cases and an excellent agreement is found.  Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics, Partial Slip, Porous medium, Convective boundary, Nanofluid.
本文研究了具有对流边界条件的纳米流体通过多孔介质的磁流体力学部分滑移流动和传热的边界层分析。研究了四种纳米粒子,即铜、氧化铝、氧化铜和氧化钛在乙二醇(50%,即Pr = 29.86)和水(即Pr = 6.58)基流体中的分布情况。采用四阶龙格-库塔法结合射击技术对控制的高度非线性耦合偏微分方程进行了数值求解。得到速度和温度曲线,并利用其计算纳米颗粒体积分数参数、磁场参数、孔隙度参数、速度滑移参数和对流参数不同值下的表面摩擦系数和局部努塞尔数。研究发现,纳米流体的速度分布是磁性参数、孔隙度参数和速度滑移参数的递减函数。而纳米流体的温度与磁场参数、纳米颗粒体积分数参数、孔隙度参数、速度滑移参数和对流参数呈递增关系。比较了四种纳米流体的流动和传热特性。在特殊情况下,将数值计算结果与前人的研究结果进行了比较,得到了很好的一致性。关键词:磁流体力学,局部滑移,多孔介质,对流边界,纳米流体
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引用次数: 0
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Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science
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