The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of urea-fortified concentrate corncob diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Fifteen WAD goats with an average weight of 9.33 kg were studied. The animals were weighted and randomly assigned to five (5) treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were of different levels i.e. 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of urea in corncob-based concentrate diets. Results showed variation (P<0.05) in the live weight among all the treatments while no effect was observed in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio, carcass and non-carcass characteristics among the treatment groups. However, the physicochemical properties of the meat showed that meat water holding capacity, moisture, dry matter, crude fibre and ash were not influenced by urea but there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in meat pH and meat crude protein among the treated groups. In conclusion, for better performance in the live weight gain of WAD goats, 3% best level inclusion of urea fortified corncob diet should be taken into cognizance. Keywords: Carcass characteristics; Corncob; Urea; West African Dwarf Goats; Nigeria.
{"title":"Influence of urea-fortified corncob diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics in West African dwarf goats","authors":"U. M. Kolo, A. Adeloye, M. Yousuf","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of urea-fortified concentrate corncob diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Fifteen WAD goats with an average weight of 9.33 kg were studied. The animals were weighted and randomly assigned to five (5) treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were of different levels i.e. 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of urea in corncob-based concentrate diets. Results showed variation (P<0.05) in the live weight among all the treatments while no effect was observed in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio, carcass and non-carcass characteristics among the treatment groups. However, the physicochemical properties of the meat showed that meat water holding capacity, moisture, dry matter, crude fibre and ash were not influenced by urea but there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in meat pH and meat crude protein among the treated groups. In conclusion, for better performance in the live weight gain of WAD goats, 3% best level inclusion of urea fortified corncob diet should be taken into cognizance. Keywords: Carcass characteristics; Corncob; Urea; West African Dwarf Goats; Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46936887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proper sterilization of reusable medical devices and surgical instruments are critical aspects of modern health care delivery system that can also directly affect the patients. In off grid health centers and health posts, solar autoclave can have great contribution to facilitate modern heath care delivery by sterilizing medical infected equipment and reduces associated health risks. This research has developed a solar thermal based autoclave and analyzed its performance. The numerical and experimental results have validated with standard sterilization techniques and show successful and efficient results. The laboratory and community trial of the autoclave achieved temperatures of about 145°C and it was maintained it for more than 20 minutes that complies the sterilization process and procedures that has proved by the sterilization monitoring techniques. The field trial of the system was an encouraging comment to promote the technology and disseminate the technology. Keywords: Solar autoclave; Autoclave performance testing; Solar sterilization; Rural health post; Off grid sterilization.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Solar Autoclave for Rural Health Center","authors":"A. Tesfay, Ashenafi Kebedom Abriha, E. Minas","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Proper sterilization of reusable medical devices and surgical instruments are critical aspects of modern health care delivery system that can also directly affect the patients. In off grid health centers and health posts, solar autoclave can have great contribution to facilitate modern heath care delivery by sterilizing medical infected equipment and reduces associated health risks. This research has developed a solar thermal based autoclave and analyzed its performance. The numerical and experimental results have validated with standard sterilization techniques and show successful and efficient results. The laboratory and community trial of the autoclave achieved temperatures of about 145°C and it was maintained it for more than 20 minutes that complies the sterilization process and procedures that has proved by the sterilization monitoring techniques. The field trial of the system was an encouraging comment to promote the technology and disseminate the technology. Keywords: Solar autoclave; Autoclave performance testing; Solar sterilization; Rural health post; Off grid sterilization.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43858502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gebru Equar, G. Gebremedhin, A. Gebrekidan, T. Asmelash, Giday Yirga
Present paper evaluates the antimicrobial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts of Beciumgrandiflorum, Meriandrabengalensis, Tamarindusindica, Balanitesaegyptiaca and Otostegiaintegrifolia . Comparative study was made for the selected traditional medicinal plants. The results of phytochemical test indicate that the bioactive chemical components show presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, saponins and terpenoids. The antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaf and stem were determined on the selected bacteria strains. The results indicate that the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Meriandrabengalensis show better antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pneumonia with inhibition zone diameters of 15.97 ± 0.09 and 19.03 ± 0.15 mm respectively, significant at (P<0.05) compared to other extracts. From the phytochemical components tested, carbohydrate was present in Becium grandiflorum extract. The lowest inhibition zone (4.5 ± 0.29 mm) was achieved for the extract of Balanitesaegyptiaca. The phytochemical component saponinis significantly present in Meriandrabengalensis in the aqueous leaf extract. In the comparative study made for the extraction solvents aqueous and ethanol, the aqueous extraction had strong inhibition zone. Therefore, a study need to be done on the isolation, identification, and quantitative determination of antimicrobial components present in the Meriandrabengalensis for its application in both animal and human pharmaceutical industries. Keywords : Antimicrobial activities; Phytochemical screening; Extracts; Inhibition zone; Medicinal plants; Tigray; Ethiopia.
{"title":"Determination of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants in Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Gebru Equar, G. Gebremedhin, A. Gebrekidan, T. Asmelash, Giday Yirga","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Present paper evaluates the antimicrobial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts of Beciumgrandiflorum, Meriandrabengalensis, Tamarindusindica, Balanitesaegyptiaca and Otostegiaintegrifolia . Comparative study was made for the selected traditional medicinal plants. The results of phytochemical test indicate that the bioactive chemical components show presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, saponins and terpenoids. The antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaf and stem were determined on the selected bacteria strains. The results indicate that the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Meriandrabengalensis show better antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pneumonia with inhibition zone diameters of 15.97 ± 0.09 and 19.03 ± 0.15 mm respectively, significant at (P<0.05) compared to other extracts. From the phytochemical components tested, carbohydrate was present in Becium grandiflorum extract. The lowest inhibition zone (4.5 ± 0.29 mm) was achieved for the extract of Balanitesaegyptiaca. The phytochemical component saponinis significantly present in Meriandrabengalensis in the aqueous leaf extract. In the comparative study made for the extraction solvents aqueous and ethanol, the aqueous extraction had strong inhibition zone. Therefore, a study need to be done on the isolation, identification, and quantitative determination of antimicrobial components present in the Meriandrabengalensis for its application in both animal and human pharmaceutical industries. Keywords : Antimicrobial activities; Phytochemical screening; Extracts; Inhibition zone; Medicinal plants; Tigray; Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross sectional study is carried out in selected dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa on the prevalence of fasciolosis in Ethiopia, in four sub-cities, locally called Kifele Ketemas. The dairy farms were under intensive and semi-intensive management systems. A total of 384 cattle were randomly selected and sampled which accounts for 95% (N=365) and 5% (N=19) of the samples for intensive and semi-intensive dairy farms, respectively. Fecal samples were examined using the direct fecal microscopic examination and Benedict's sedimentation tests. Out of 384 samples examined, 57 samples were found to be positive using both tests, giving a prevalence of 14.84% (N=57). The prevalence of fasciolosis in study areas (Kifele Ketemas) is 52.63% (N=30) in Yeka, 33.33% (N=19) in Bole, 10.35% (N=6) in Gullele and 3.51% (N=2) in Kality area. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Yeka is significantly higher (P 0.05) is observed between the age groups. Keywords: Bovine; Fasciolosis; Prevalence; Chi-square; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia.
{"title":"Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Selected Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Dejene Berhanu, Gebrehiwot Tadesse","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.8","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study is carried out in selected dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa on the prevalence of fasciolosis in Ethiopia, in four sub-cities, locally called Kifele Ketemas. The dairy farms were under intensive and semi-intensive management systems. A total of 384 cattle were randomly selected and sampled which accounts for 95% (N=365) and 5% (N=19) of the samples for intensive and semi-intensive dairy farms, respectively. Fecal samples were examined using the direct fecal microscopic examination and Benedict's sedimentation tests. Out of 384 samples examined, 57 samples were found to be positive using both tests, giving a prevalence of 14.84% (N=57). The prevalence of fasciolosis in study areas (Kifele Ketemas) is 52.63% (N=30) in Yeka, 33.33% (N=19) in Bole, 10.35% (N=6) in Gullele and 3.51% (N=2) in Kality area. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Yeka is significantly higher (P 0.05) is observed between the age groups. Keywords: Bovine; Fasciolosis; Prevalence; Chi-square; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I2.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42964210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abijata-Shalla Soda Ash Share Company in the central Main Ethiopian Rift is producing soda ash (Na2CO3)by evaporating brine water from Abijata Lake. A study was undertaken to assess the challenges associated with the mining practices and quality of soda ash. Presently, 5000t of soda ash is produced annually with a grade of about 90% against the expected 20,000t with 97% grade. During fieldwork, a geological map is prepared and collected soil, trona, soda ash and water samples for chemical analysis. Water samples were collected from the lake and from different evaporation ponds. Soil samples were collected around the ponds and soda ash samples from the processing plant. All the samples were analyzed for major cations and anions in addition to pH and other parameters. The field and laboratory data suggest that the mining method, pond design, and the timing of transfer of brine water from one pond to another are the major challenges that are affecting the quality of soda ash. New pond design is suggested with minor modification to the existing design which is expected to increase the grade close to 97% Na2CO3. Keywords: Abijata-Shalla Lakes; Brine water; Evaporation; Trona; Soda Ash; Ethiopia.
{"title":"Challenges Associated with Quality of Soda Ash, Abijata Lake, Central Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia","authors":"Berihu Gidey, B. Konka","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V11I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V11I1","url":null,"abstract":"Abijata-Shalla Soda Ash Share Company in the central Main Ethiopian Rift is producing soda ash (Na2CO3)by evaporating brine water from Abijata Lake. A study was undertaken to assess the challenges associated with the mining practices and quality of soda ash. Presently, 5000t of soda ash is produced annually with a grade of about 90% against the expected 20,000t with 97% grade. During fieldwork, a geological map is prepared and collected soil, trona, soda ash and water samples for chemical analysis. Water samples were collected from the lake and from different evaporation ponds. Soil samples were collected around the ponds and soda ash samples from the processing plant. All the samples were analyzed for major cations and anions in addition to pH and other parameters. The field and laboratory data suggest that the mining method, pond design, and the timing of transfer of brine water from one pond to another are the major challenges that are affecting the quality of soda ash. New pond design is suggested with minor modification to the existing design which is expected to increase the grade close to 97% Na2CO3. Keywords: Abijata-Shalla Lakes; Brine water; Evaporation; Trona; Soda Ash; Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"124-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V11I1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70566633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akinyose Fc, P. Tchokossa, M. Orosun, S. O. Oluyde, M. Umakha, K. K. Ochommadu, T. Olaniyan, O. Ajibade
Radionuclides are found naturally in air, water and soil. They are even found in vegetation, consumer products and in human body. Everyone on the planet is exposed to some background level of ionizing radiation through external exposures that occurs as a result of irradiation, and internal exposures that occurs as a result of ingestion and inhalation. Studies have shown that tobacco contains minute quantities of radioisotopes from uranium and thorium-decay series which are radioactive and carcinogenic. Tobacco product increases both external and internal exposure due to these radioisotopes. In fact, tobacco products have been considered to be one of the most significant causes of lung cancer. Owing to the large-scale consumption of tobacco in Nigeria at the present time, locally produced tobacco products in Nigeria were collected from the market and the naturally-occurring 238U and 232Th decay series, as well as non-series decay 40K in these products were measured using γ-ray spectrometer. The radiological impacts of the radionuclides in these products were assessed from their specific activities. The average values of the absorbed dose rate were 19.72 and 17.59 nGy h -1 for snuff and cigarette products respectively. The average values of the effective doses due to daily inhalation of smoke by consumers from one wrap of snuff and one stick of cigarette products is 592.32 and 66.62 μSv yr -1 respectively. Similarly, the values of the radium equivalent activity index for snuff and cigarette samples were 40.95 and 38.95 Bq kg -1 respectively. Also the external radiation hazard index were 0.12 and 0.11 for snuff and cigarette samples respectively while the internal radiation hazard index were 0.17 and 0.15 for the two samples respectively. The average excess lifetime cancer risk (x 10 -3 ) values for daily inhalation of smoke from one wrap of snuff and one (1) stick of cigarette were 2.07 and 0.23 x 10 -3 respectively. The estimated values of some of these parameters were found to be lower than the recommended limit by UNSCEAR (2000). However, the effective dose poses a serious health risk to addicted consumers of the product when three (3) or more wraps of snuff and one (1) or more packs of cigarette products are consumed daily. The mean excess lifetime cancer risks values estimated were also much higher than the recommended limits by UNSCEAR (2000). This then makes the risk of suffering cancer and other radiation injuries to be high. Keywords : Radiological impacts, Tobacco, Cigarette, Snuff, Cancer, Radiation injury, Nigeria.
放射性核素天然存在于空气、水和土壤中。它们甚至存在于植物、消费品和人体中。地球上的每个人都暴露在某种背景水平的电离辐射下，这是由于辐射引起的外部暴露，以及由于摄入和吸入引起的内部暴露。研究表明，烟草中含有微量铀和钍衰变系列的放射性同位素，这些放射性同位素具有放射性并致癌。由于这些放射性同位素，烟草制品增加了外部和内部暴露。事实上，烟草制品被认为是癌症最重要的病因之一。由于尼日利亚目前烟草消费量大，从市场上收集了尼日利亚当地生产的烟草产品，并使用γ射线光谱仪测量了这些产品中天然存在的238U和232Th衰变系列以及非系列衰变40K。这些产品中放射性核素的放射性影响是根据其具体活动进行评估的。鼻烟和卷烟制品的吸收剂量率平均值分别为19.72和17.59nGy h-1。消费者每天从一包鼻烟和一根香烟产品中吸入烟雾的有效剂量平均值分别为592.32和66.62μSv yr-1。同样，鼻烟和香烟样品的镭当量活度指数分别为40.95和38.95 Bq kg-1。鼻烟和香烟样品的外辐射危害指数分别为0.12和0.11，而两个样品的内辐射危害指数则分别为0.17和0.15。每日吸入一包鼻烟和一（1）支香烟烟雾的平均超过寿命癌症风险（x 10-3）值分别为2.07和0.23 x 10-3。其中一些参数的估计值低于UNSCEAR（2000年）的建议限值。然而，当每天食用三（3）包或三（3个）包以上的鼻烟和一（1）包或一包以上的香烟产品时，有效剂量会对该产品的成瘾消费者造成严重的健康风险。估计的癌症平均超额寿命风险值也远高于UNSCEAR（2000）的建议限值。这使得患癌症和其他辐射损伤的风险很高。关键词：辐射影响，烟草，香烟，鼻烟，癌症，辐射损伤，尼日利亚。
{"title":"Radiological Impacts of Natural Radioactivity in Locally Produced Tobacco Products in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Akinyose Fc, P. Tchokossa, M. Orosun, S. O. Oluyde, M. Umakha, K. K. Ochommadu, T. Olaniyan, O. Ajibade","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Radionuclides are found naturally in air, water and soil. They are even found in vegetation, consumer products and in human body. Everyone on the planet is exposed to some background level of ionizing radiation through external exposures that occurs as a result of irradiation, and internal exposures that occurs as a result of ingestion and inhalation. Studies have shown that tobacco contains minute quantities of radioisotopes from uranium and thorium-decay series which are radioactive and carcinogenic. Tobacco product increases both external and internal exposure due to these radioisotopes. In fact, tobacco products have been considered to be one of the most significant causes of lung cancer. Owing to the large-scale consumption of tobacco in Nigeria at the present time, locally produced tobacco products in Nigeria were collected from the market and the naturally-occurring 238U and 232Th decay series, as well as non-series decay 40K in these products were measured using γ-ray spectrometer. The radiological impacts of the radionuclides in these products were assessed from their specific activities. The average values of the absorbed dose rate were 19.72 and 17.59 nGy h -1 for snuff and cigarette products respectively. The average values of the effective doses due to daily inhalation of smoke by consumers from one wrap of snuff and one stick of cigarette products is 592.32 and 66.62 μSv yr -1 respectively. Similarly, the values of the radium equivalent activity index for snuff and cigarette samples were 40.95 and 38.95 Bq kg -1 respectively. Also the external radiation hazard index were 0.12 and 0.11 for snuff and cigarette samples respectively while the internal radiation hazard index were 0.17 and 0.15 for the two samples respectively. The average excess lifetime cancer risk (x 10 -3 ) values for daily inhalation of smoke from one wrap of snuff and one (1) stick of cigarette were 2.07 and 0.23 x 10 -3 respectively. The estimated values of some of these parameters were found to be lower than the recommended limit by UNSCEAR (2000). However, the effective dose poses a serious health risk to addicted consumers of the product when three (3) or more wraps of snuff and one (1) or more packs of cigarette products are consumed daily. The mean excess lifetime cancer risks values estimated were also much higher than the recommended limits by UNSCEAR (2000). This then makes the risk of suffering cancer and other radiation injuries to be high. Keywords : Radiological impacts, Tobacco, Cigarette, Snuff, Cancer, Radiation injury, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Locally available absorber and antireflection coating materials for solar thermal collectors have been assessed and tested for performance compared to ordinary commercial black paint used in solar water heaters and solar cookers. Absorber plates made of aluminum and iron sheet metals coated with blackboard paint, commercial black paint, and black ABRO spray were prepared. These materials were tested for thermal performance on a natural circulation flat plate solar water heater and plastic bottles. Comparison has been made separately for both absorber material and coating materials which showed that the iron sheet and black ABRO spray to have the highest absorptance. On a clear sky radiation of 973.5W/m 2 , a maximum stagnation temperature of 99.2°C and 107.5°C is achieved on the black ABRO spray painted aluminum sheet metal and iron sheet metal respectively. This is because ABRO black paint has the highest absorptance for wavelengths of below 2.5μm and low thermal emittance for wavelengths above 2.5μm. During the testing of solar water heaters, an increase in temperature of 14.9°C at the outlet from absorber plate and 7.5°C at the surface of storage tanker has been achieved when using ABRO black spray. This is attributed to the highest absorptance for wave lengths of below 2.5μm and low thermal emittance for wave lengths above 2.5μm of ABRO black paint. As can be concluded, iron sheet metal which is cheap and easily available is best for solar thermal applications and provides significant benefit in cost reduction. Furthermore, the cost for ABRO black paint is similar to other coating materials and it can easily be applied on the surface of absorber materials. Keywords : Thermal collectors, Antireflection, Absorptance, Ethiopia.
{"title":"Comparative study of antireflection coating materials for solar thermal collectors","authors":"Fana Filli, P. Gebray, Ashenafi Kebedom","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Locally available absorber and antireflection coating materials for solar thermal collectors have been assessed and tested for performance compared to ordinary commercial black paint used in solar water heaters and solar cookers. Absorber plates made of aluminum and iron sheet metals coated with blackboard paint, commercial black paint, and black ABRO spray were prepared. These materials were tested for thermal performance on a natural circulation flat plate solar water heater and plastic bottles. Comparison has been made separately for both absorber material and coating materials which showed that the iron sheet and black ABRO spray to have the highest absorptance. On a clear sky radiation of 973.5W/m 2 , a maximum stagnation temperature of 99.2°C and 107.5°C is achieved on the black ABRO spray painted aluminum sheet metal and iron sheet metal respectively. This is because ABRO black paint has the highest absorptance for wavelengths of below 2.5μm and low thermal emittance for wavelengths above 2.5μm. During the testing of solar water heaters, an increase in temperature of 14.9°C at the outlet from absorber plate and 7.5°C at the surface of storage tanker has been achieved when using ABRO black spray. This is attributed to the highest absorptance for wave lengths of below 2.5μm and low thermal emittance for wave lengths above 2.5μm of ABRO black paint. As can be concluded, iron sheet metal which is cheap and easily available is best for solar thermal applications and provides significant benefit in cost reduction. Furthermore, the cost for ABRO black paint is similar to other coating materials and it can easily be applied on the surface of absorber materials. Keywords : Thermal collectors, Antireflection, Absorptance, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fertility is one of the important components of population change, the other two being mortality and migration. When vital statistical data on number of births is readily available it is estimated directly using various direct measures of fertility such as the crude birth rate (CBR). When the information on number of births is not directly available, fertility is measured using the census information on child woman ratios (CWR) of various types. CWR has several limitations, but gained importance with the attempts made by Rele in 1963, and followed by several other researchers such as Hauer and his co-authors in 2013 deriving TFR from it. In the present study yet another attempt is made to use CWRs to derive not only TFR but also other summary indicators such as the TMFR. A set of simple mathematical formula have been used to estimate the fertility and marital fertility using the CWR of the ages 0-9. The 2011 census age-sex data of districts in India was used to derive a set of fertility estimates for total, rural and urban areas of all districts. Further, these estimates of 2011 have been compared with the estimates of 2011 earlier made by Guilmoto and Rajan to analyse the robustness of the estimates. Keywords : Fertility, Child Women Ratio, Indirect Estimation, Age-sex data, TFR, TMFR, India.
{"title":"Indirect Estimation of Selected Measures of Fertility and Marital Fertility from Information on CWR (0-9): An Application to India /States /Districts","authors":"K. M. Ponnapalli, Ravi Kant Soren","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility is one of the important components of population change, the other two being mortality and migration. When vital statistical data on number of births is readily available it is estimated directly using various direct measures of fertility such as the crude birth rate (CBR). When the information on number of births is not directly available, fertility is measured using the census information on child woman ratios (CWR) of various types. CWR has several limitations, but gained importance with the attempts made by Rele in 1963, and followed by several other researchers such as Hauer and his co-authors in 2013 deriving TFR from it. In the present study yet another attempt is made to use CWRs to derive not only TFR but also other summary indicators such as the TMFR. A set of simple mathematical formula have been used to estimate the fertility and marital fertility using the CWR of the ages 0-9. The 2011 census age-sex data of districts in India was used to derive a set of fertility estimates for total, rural and urban areas of all districts. Further, these estimates of 2011 have been compared with the estimates of 2011 earlier made by Guilmoto and Rajan to analyse the robustness of the estimates. Keywords : Fertility, Child Women Ratio, Indirect Estimation, Age-sex data, TFR, TMFR, India.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"89-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habtu Alemayehu, J. Venkateswararao, A. Satyanarayana
This manuscript is a study on Birkhoff centre of a Pre-A*-algebra. In fact, it is proved that Birkhoff centre of a Pre A*-algebra is also a Pre A*-algebra and identified that the centre of Birkhoff centre of a Pre A*-algebra is a Boolean algebra. Keywords: Pre A*-algebra, Centre, Birkoff centre, Boolean algebra.
{"title":"Explicit Pre A*-algebra","authors":"Habtu Alemayehu, J. Venkateswararao, A. Satyanarayana","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript is a study on Birkhoff centre of a Pre-A*-algebra. In fact, it is proved that Birkhoff centre of a Pre A*-algebra is also a Pre A*-algebra and identified that the centre of Birkhoff centre of a Pre A*-algebra is a Boolean algebra. Keywords: Pre A*-algebra, Centre, Birkoff centre, Boolean algebra.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Destaalem Gebremeskel, Buruh Abebe, Kidane Gidey, T. Berihu
Rhamnus prinoide (Gesho) intercropping is a common practice with significant socioeconomic and ecological importance in Ganta-afoshum district. However, this practice is not well explored so far, especially from the perspective of its impact on sustainable land management while land degradation and low productivity is a challenge in the district. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of R. prinoide intercropping on soil nutrient and moisture. The study was conducted in Ganta-afoshum district, eastern zone of Tigray regional state where smallholder farmers practice R. prinoide intercropping. Soil samples were taken from farmland with dense, medium and sparse density of R. prinoide intercropping and from farmland without trees as a control for analysis. The density of the trees significantly affected the soil bulk density (P<0.05). Soil moisture content significantly increased with increasing soil depth and by the interaction effects of soil depth and density (P<0.05). Soil nitrogen concentration significantly influenced by the density and soil depth (P<0.05). Soil phosphorus and potassium concentration significantly affected by soil depth (P<0.05). Lower mean soil pH values were observed for soils under the farm with dense trees as compared to soils in open farm. Overall, the enhancing and exploitative effects of R. prinoide intercropping on soil nutrient and moisture is minimal. This could be the reason for being practiced and maintained by most farmers.
{"title":"Effect of Rhamnus prinoide (Gesho) Intercropping in Wheat Field on Soil Nutrient and Moisture in the Drylands of North Ethiopia","authors":"Destaalem Gebremeskel, Buruh Abebe, Kidane Gidey, T. Berihu","doi":"10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Rhamnus prinoide (Gesho) intercropping is a common practice with significant socioeconomic and ecological importance in Ganta-afoshum district. However, this practice is not well explored so far, especially from the perspective of its impact on sustainable land management while land degradation and low productivity is a challenge in the district. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of R. prinoide intercropping on soil nutrient and moisture. The study was conducted in Ganta-afoshum district, eastern zone of Tigray regional state where smallholder farmers practice R. prinoide intercropping. Soil samples were taken from farmland with dense, medium and sparse density of R. prinoide intercropping and from farmland without trees as a control for analysis. The density of the trees significantly affected the soil bulk density (P<0.05). Soil moisture content significantly increased with increasing soil depth and by the interaction effects of soil depth and density (P<0.05). Soil nitrogen concentration significantly influenced by the density and soil depth (P<0.05). Soil phosphorus and potassium concentration significantly affected by soil depth (P<0.05). Lower mean soil pH values were observed for soils under the farm with dense trees as compared to soils in open farm. Overall, the enhancing and exploitative effects of R. prinoide intercropping on soil nutrient and moisture is minimal. This could be the reason for being practiced and maintained by most farmers.","PeriodicalId":18948,"journal":{"name":"Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MEJS.V10I1.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48124752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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