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2017 22nd International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)最新文献

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Big valley in scheduling problems landscape — Metaheuristics with reduced searching area 大河谷调度问题中的景观-缩小搜索面积的元启发式算法
W. Bożejko, Czeslaw Smutnicki, Mariusz Uchroński, M. Wodecki
Created in the 90s of the past century methods of constructing algorithms (metaheuristic), inspired by the no free lunch theorem of Wolpert and Macready, using specific properties of problems, do not meet present expectations of practitioners. Commonly used artificial intelligence algorithms in recent years have also proved to be ineffective in solving a large group of extremely difficult instances of various problems. In the work we present some empirical methods of exploration of solution space in optimization problems whose solutions are represented by permutations. While sampling the set of permissible solutions we designate the histogram of the frequency of occurrence of local minima and on this basis we verify the statistical hypothesis concerning the (normal) distribution of occurrence of these minima. Due to this process we can flexibly change the “radius” of the searched area. Computational experiments performed on examples of the job shop problem are promising and inspire to conduct further research in this direction.
创建于上世纪90年代的构造算法的方法(元启发式),受Wolpert和Macready的没有免费的午餐定理的启发,利用问题的特定性质,不符合从业者目前的期望。近年来常用的人工智能算法在解决各种问题的大量极难实例时也被证明是无效的。在工作中,我们提出了一些经验方法来探索解由置换表示的优化问题的解空间。在对允许解集进行抽样时,我们指定了局部极小值出现频率的直方图,并在此基础上验证了关于这些极小值出现的(正态)分布的统计假设。由于这个过程,我们可以灵活地改变搜索区域的“半径”。对作业车间问题的算例进行了计算实验,得到了很好的结果,并启发了该方向的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 2
Adaptive head movements tracking algorithms for AR interface controlled telepresence robot AR界面控制的远程呈现机器人自适应头部运动跟踪算法
A. Shchekoldin, A. D. Shevyakov, Nikolay U. Dema, S. Kolyubin
The paper describes the design of the telepresence robot controlled via the head-mounted display equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). To control the robot and the camera gimbal motion independently with only 3 DOF reference, we developed algorithms based on nonlinear filtering to process IMU measurements and capture head motion patterns. The system is adaptable to different operators' behaviour and works in real-time using only natural head movements. We implement this solution for shared autonomy remotely controlled robots with an augmented reality (AR) interface, which are in a rising demand for technical drills, monitoring and maintenance applications as well as for indoor guided tours.
本文介绍了一种通过头戴式显示器控制的远程临场感机器人,该头戴式显示器装有惯性测量单元(IMU)。为了在仅3自由度的情况下独立控制机器人和相机框架的运动,我们开发了基于非线性滤波的算法来处理IMU测量并捕获头部运动模式。该系统可适应不同操作员的行为,并且仅使用自然的头部运动即可实时工作。我们为具有增强现实(AR)接口的共享自主遥控机器人实施该解决方案,这些机器人在技术演习,监控和维护应用以及室内导游方面的需求不断增长。
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引用次数: 3
Robust identification of quadrocopter model for control purposes 用于控制目的的四旋翼飞行器模型鲁棒辨识
K. Arminski, T. Zubowicz
The paper addresses a problem of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (so-called X4-flyer or quadrocopter) utility model identification for control design purposes. To that goal the quadrotor model is assumed to be composed of two abstracted subsystems, namely a rigid body (plant) and four motors equipped with blades (actuators). The model of the former is acquired based on a well-established dynamic equations of motion while the latter is to be identified as a static relationship from laboratory experiments data. Moreover, the actuator model is to account for the on-flight battery power source voltage drop effects. The actuator parameter identification algorithm is kept in a set-membership framework. In addition a mechanism to reduce the conservativeness of the solution is proposed and applied. Numerical illustration of the results is provided.
本文解决了四旋翼无人机(X4-flyer或quadrocopter)实用新型识别的控制设计问题。为此,假设四旋翼模型由两个抽象子系统组成,即刚体(植物)和四个配备叶片的电机(致动器)。前者的模型是根据已建立的动力学运动方程得到的,而后者是根据实验室实验数据确定的静态关系。此外,执行器模型还考虑了飞行中电池电源电压降的影响。执行器参数辨识算法保持在集隶属度框架中。此外,提出并应用了一种降低求解保守性的机制。给出了计算结果的数值说明。
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引用次数: 5
On-line spectrophotometric measurements of isopropanol concentration in process of nebulization 雾化过程中异丙醇浓度的在线分光光度测定
D. Choiński, W. Ilewicz, P. Krauze, Piotr Skupin, Zdzislaw Bielecki
The paper presents preliminary results for online measurement method of isopropanol concentration in the ultrasonic nebulization process using BW-Tek compact UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The experimental setup with nebulization vessel was constructed with a probe for on-line measurements. The tests were performed using a standard mixture of isopropanol and water with the volume isopropanol concentration in the range 19% to 83%. The results of on-line spectrophotometric method were verified using stationary spectrophotometer and a gas chromatography method. Linear calibration for the obtained data was performed and measurement uncertainties for the tested method were evaluated as confidence intervals.
本文介绍了用BW-Tek型紫外/可见分光光度计在线测量超声雾化过程中异丙醇浓度的初步结果。建立了带雾化容器的实验装置,并用探针进行了在线测量。使用异丙醇和水的标准混合物进行测试,异丙醇的体积浓度在19%至83%之间。用固定式分光光度计和气相色谱法对在线分光光度计法的结果进行了验证。对所获得的数据进行线性校准,并以置信区间评估所测试方法的测量不确定度。
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引用次数: 0
Semi-symbolic operational computation for robust control system design 鲁棒控制系统设计的半符号运算
L. Gil, M. Radetzki
Semi-symbolic simulation is becoming popular for inclusion of parameter uncertainties in the system design analysis. For robust control system design optimization, computational methods enabling fast semi-symbolic simulations are necessary. We propose an operational computation method based on orthogonal signals that is faster than step integration methods and allows the direct evaluation of system robustness to parameter variations. In order to improve the simulation performance during design optimization, we derive a novel operational method to compute the multiplication of signal expansions. Thus, common nonlinear cost functions can be directly computed, using only signal coefficients. The evaluation of signals during the optimization is avoided by this method, which is a significant advantage compared to other known approaches for dynamic system simulation. We validate the capability of our design methodology for the improvement of system performance and robustness by optimizing a DC motor control. The obtained results show that affine arithmetic computations are well suited for robust control system design optimization in the time domain.
由于在系统设计分析中包含了参数的不确定性,半符号仿真越来越受欢迎。为了实现鲁棒控制系统的设计优化,需要能够实现快速半符号仿真的计算方法。我们提出了一种基于正交信号的运算计算方法,它比阶跃积分方法更快,并且可以直接评估系统对参数变化的鲁棒性。为了在设计优化过程中提高仿真性能,我们推导了一种新的运算方法来计算信号展开的乘法。因此,一般的非线性代价函数可以直接计算,只使用信号系数。该方法避免了优化过程中信号的评估,与其他已知的动态系统仿真方法相比具有显著的优势。我们验证了我们的设计方法的能力,以改善系统性能和鲁棒性通过优化直流电机控制。研究结果表明,仿射算法适用于鲁棒控制系统的时域优化设计。
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引用次数: 1
Rotational speed control of multirotor UAV's propulsion unit based on fractional-order PI controller 基于分数阶PI控制器的多旋翼无人机推进单元转速控制
Wojciech Giernacki, Talar Sadalla, Jarosław Gośliński, P. Kozierski, J. Coelho, S. Sladic
In this paper the synthesis of a rotational speed closed-loop control system based on a fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller is presented. In particular, it is proposed the use of the SCoMR-FOPI procedure as the controller tuning method for an unmanned aerial vehicle's propulsion unit. In this framework, both the Hermite-Biehler and Pontryagin theorems are used to predefine a stability region for the controller. Several simulations were conducted in order to try to answer the questions — is the FOPI controller good enough to be an alternative to more complex FOPID controllers? In what circumstances can it be advantageous over the ubiquitous PID? How robust this fractional-order controller is regarding the parametric uncertainty of considered propulsion unit model?
本文提出了一种基于分数阶比例积分(FOPI)控制器的转速闭环控制系统的综合。在此基础上,提出了采用scom - fopi程序作为无人机推进单元控制器整定方法。在这个框架中,使用Hermite-Biehler定理和Pontryagin定理来预先定义控制器的稳定区域。为了回答这个问题,我们进行了几次模拟——FOPI控制器是否足够好,可以替代更复杂的FOPID控制器?在什么情况下,它比无处不在的PID更有优势?对于所考虑的推进单元模型的参数不确定性,分数阶控制器的鲁棒性如何?
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引用次数: 3
Stiffness variations in granular jamming robots; an experimental method 颗粒堵塞机器人的刚度变化实验方法
Seyed Mohammad Zeyb Sayyadan, M. Moniri, F. Gharib
One of the most challenging issues of granular jamming robots is both predicting and measuring the stiffness variations which are a direct function of elastic module. In this regard, in previous researches, it had demonstrated that the elastic module of robot's bulk is a fundamental function of vacuum pressure and must be acquired by experimental tests. However, there was not a unique formulation for both computing and predicting the accurate elastic module in each unique amount of vacuum pressure. Therefore, in this paper, for addressing the problem, the elastic module of jammable segments is calculated in each considered vacuum pressure and we have introduced a both simple and beneficial formulation to predict the amounts of stiffness based on variations of vacuum pressure. The proposed procedure was examined by performing an experimental test as well. On the other hand, the necessity of identifying organic material was felt due to introduction of just one organic granular material in previous researches for applying. Hence, four new organic granular materials were selected and also tested. Consequently, a usable blend of two of them was presented which was mixed of black Pepper seeds and Datura grains. This blend had a lightweight construction with high ratio of strength under external forces, therefore, it can be applied when a both high-strength and lightweight jammable structure in robotics is required.
颗粒阻塞机器人最具挑战性的问题之一是预测和测量弹性模块的刚度变化。对此,在以往的研究中,已经证明了机器人体的弹性模量是真空压力的基本函数,必须通过实验测试获得。然而,没有一个唯一的公式来计算和预测准确的弹性模量在每一个独特的真空压力。因此,在本文中,为了解决这个问题,我们计算了每个考虑真空压力的可堵塞段的弹性模量,并引入了一个既简单又有益的公式来预测基于真空压力变化的刚度量。提出的程序进行了检验,并进行了实验测试。另一方面,由于以往的研究只介绍了一种有机颗粒材料进行应用,因此有必要进行有机物质的鉴定。因此,选择了四种新的有机颗粒材料并进行了测试。因此,提出了一种可用的两种混合物,即黑胡椒种子和曼陀罗谷物的混合物。该混合材料具有轻量化结构,在外力作用下具有较高的强度比,因此可以应用于机器人技术中同时需要高强度和轻量化的可阻塞结构。
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引用次数: 3
Accelerating the rate of convergence for LMS-like on-line identification and adaptation algorithms. Part 1: Basic ideas 加快lms类在线识别和自适应算法的收敛速度。第1部分:基本思想
J. Figwer, M. I. Michalczyk, T. Glówka
In the paper a modification enabling acceleration of the rate of convergence for LMS-like on-line identification and adaptation algorithms is proposed. This is based on an artificial decaying of initial conditions in recursive identification as well as adaptation algorithms. The decaying is done using a set of the most recent measurements. Properties of the algorithms with the proposed modification are compared with non-accelerated identification and adaptation algorithms in simulations of a practical adaptive control system.
本文提出了一种改进方法,可以加快类lms在线辨识和自适应算法的收敛速度。这是基于递归识别中初始条件的人工衰减以及自适应算法。衰变是通过一组最新的测量完成的。在实际的自适应控制系统仿真中,将改进后的算法与非加速识别和自适应算法的性能进行了比较。
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引用次数: 4
Object identification by tactile sensors with improved sensor resolution 提高传感器分辨率的触觉传感器目标识别
Christian Thormann, A. Winkler
In the case that tactile sensor matrices are placed at the fingers of a robotic gripper, it is possible to identify objects during grasping. This feature may be useful e.g. for sorting workpieces. In this article we present an approach for object identification using tactile information. For verification a test scenario is developed where the robot should sort workpieces which are based on Lego bricks. In comparison to images of camera systems commonly used in robotics, the resolution of force images provided by tactile sensors is much lower. For that reason it may be in some case useful to increase the resolution of tactile measurement to perform some tasks of object identification successfully. It can be achieved by grasping the object on different positions and merge the measured values of the tactile sensor cells (taxeis). This article additionally includes an algorithm to improve the resolution of tactile sensors. For the verification of the proposed approach a test scenario is worked out, where the orientation of a Lego brick should be detected. For this purpose a method for identification of the different sides is developed. AII algorithms are implemented with a real robot system and experimental results are presented.
在这种情况下,触觉传感器矩阵被放置在机器人抓手的手指上,它有可能在抓取过程中识别物体。这个功能可能是有用的,例如对工件进行分类。在本文中,我们提出了一种利用触觉信息进行物体识别的方法。为了验证,开发了一个测试场景,其中机器人应该对基于乐高积木的工件进行分类。与机器人中常用的摄像系统图像相比,触觉传感器提供的力图像分辨率要低得多。因此,在某些情况下,提高触觉测量的分辨率可能有助于成功执行某些目标识别任务。它可以通过在不同位置抓取物体并合并触觉传感器单元(taxeis)的测量值来实现。本文还介绍了一种提高触觉传感器分辨率的算法。为了验证所提出的方法,设计了一个测试场景,其中应该检测乐高积木的方向。为此,开发了一种识别不同侧面的方法。在实际机器人系统中实现了所有算法,并给出了实验结果。
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引用次数: 0
Learning process for nonstationary filtering network using genetic algorithms 非平稳滤波网络的遗传算法学习过程
A. Sztandera, Katarzyna Wiechetek
In the paper a concept of nonstationary network consisted of 1st order elements is presented. Research in order to approximate the assumed frequency response using the filtering network were conducted. Learning the network was achieved by minimizing the assumed error function using genetic algorithms. Introducing time function in place of time constant reduced the duration of the transition processes.
提出了由一阶元组成的非平稳网络的概念。为了利用滤波网络逼近假定的频率响应,进行了研究。通过遗传算法最小化假设误差函数来实现网络的学习。引入时间函数代替时间常数,缩短了过渡过程的持续时间。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2017 22nd International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)
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