Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00869-8
Bram Spruijtenburg, Antonio Rezusta, Jos Houbraken, Ferry Hagen, Theun de Groot, Jacques F Meis, Eelco F J Meijer
The genus Aspergillus consists of a vast number of medically and environmentally relevant species. Aspergillus species classified in series Versicolores are ubiquitous in the environment and include the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus sydowii, which is associated with onychomycosis and superficial skin infections. Despite frequent clinical reports of A. sydowii and related series Versicolores species, antifungal susceptibility data are scarce, hampering optimal treatment choices and subsequent patient outcomes. Here, we employed antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) based on microbroth dilution on a set of 155 series Versicolores strains using the common antifungals amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and micafungin with the addition of luliconazole and olorofim. All strains were identified using partial calmodulin gene sequencing, with 145 being A. sydowii, seven A. creber and three A. versicolor, using the latest taxonomic insights. Overall, tested antifungals were potent against the entire strain collection. In comparison to A. fumigatus, azole and amphotericin B MICs were slightly elevated for some strains. AFST with luliconazole and olorofim, here reported for the first time, displayed the highest in vitro activity, making these antifungals interesting alternative drugs but clinical studies are warranted for future therapeutic use.
曲霉属由大量与医学和环境相关的菌种组成。Versicolores系列曲霉菌在环境中无处不在,其中包括机会性病原体Aspergillus sydowii,它与甲癣和表皮感染有关。尽管临床上经常有关于A. sydowii和相关系列Versicolores菌的报道,但抗真菌药敏数据却很少,这影响了最佳治疗选择和患者的后续治疗效果。在此,我们采用微流稀释法对 155 株 Versicolores 系列菌株进行了抗真菌药敏试验(AFST),使用了两性霉素 B、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑、异武康唑和米卡芬等常用抗真菌药,并添加了卢立康唑和奥罗芬。所有菌株都通过部分钙调蛋白基因测序进行了鉴定,其中 145 株为 A. sydowii,7 株为 A. creber,3 株为 A. versicolor。总体而言,测试的抗真菌药物对所有菌株都有很强的抑制作用。与烟曲霉相比,某些菌株的唑类和两性霉素 B MIC 值略有升高。首次报道的氟环唑和奥罗芬的 AFST 体外活性最高,使这些抗真菌药物成为有趣的替代药物,但未来的治疗用途还需要进行临床研究。
{"title":"Susceptibility Testing of Environmental and Clinical Aspergillus sydowii Demonstrates Potent Activity of Various Antifungals.","authors":"Bram Spruijtenburg, Antonio Rezusta, Jos Houbraken, Ferry Hagen, Theun de Groot, Jacques F Meis, Eelco F J Meijer","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00869-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00869-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Aspergillus consists of a vast number of medically and environmentally relevant species. Aspergillus species classified in series Versicolores are ubiquitous in the environment and include the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus sydowii, which is associated with onychomycosis and superficial skin infections. Despite frequent clinical reports of A. sydowii and related series Versicolores species, antifungal susceptibility data are scarce, hampering optimal treatment choices and subsequent patient outcomes. Here, we employed antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) based on microbroth dilution on a set of 155 series Versicolores strains using the common antifungals amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and micafungin with the addition of luliconazole and olorofim. All strains were identified using partial calmodulin gene sequencing, with 145 being A. sydowii, seven A. creber and three A. versicolor, using the latest taxonomic insights. Overall, tested antifungals were potent against the entire strain collection. In comparison to A. fumigatus, azole and amphotericin B MICs were slightly elevated for some strains. AFST with luliconazole and olorofim, here reported for the first time, displayed the highest in vitro activity, making these antifungals interesting alternative drugs but clinical studies are warranted for future therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00867-w
Flávio Guinsburg Hamburger, Ana Cristina Gales, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
Introduction: Candidemia, a bloodstream infection predominantly affecting critically ill patients, poses a significant global health threat especially with the emergence of non-albicans Candida species, including drug-resistant strains. In Brazil, limited access to advanced diagnostic tools and trained microbiologists hampers accurate identification of Candida species and susceptibility to antifungals testing hindering surveillance efforts.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review spanning publications from 2017 to 2023 addressing Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility among Brazilian patients with candidemia.
Results: Despite initially identifying 7075 records, only 16 met inclusion criteria providing accurate information of 2305 episodes of candidemia. The predominant species were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, followed by notable proportions of Nakaseomyces glabratus. Limited access to diagnostic tests was evident as only 5 out of 16 studies on candidemia were able to report antifungal susceptibility testing results. In vitro resistance to echinocandins was rare (only 6/396 isolates, 1,5%). In counterpart, fluconazole exhibited resistance rates ranging from 0 to 43%, with great heterogeneity among different studies and species of Candida considered.
Conclusion: Our review underscores the critical need for enhanced surveillance and research efforts to address the evolving landscape of candidemia and antifungal resistance in Brazil. Despite some limitations, available data suggest that while resistance to echinocandins and amphotericin B remains rare, there is a growing concern regarding resistance to fluconazole among Candida species.
{"title":"Systematic Review of Candidemia in Brazil: Unlocking Historical Trends and Challenges in Conducting Surveys in Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Flávio Guinsburg Hamburger, Ana Cristina Gales, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00867-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00867-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Candidemia, a bloodstream infection predominantly affecting critically ill patients, poses a significant global health threat especially with the emergence of non-albicans Candida species, including drug-resistant strains. In Brazil, limited access to advanced diagnostic tools and trained microbiologists hampers accurate identification of Candida species and susceptibility to antifungals testing hindering surveillance efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review spanning publications from 2017 to 2023 addressing Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility among Brazilian patients with candidemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite initially identifying 7075 records, only 16 met inclusion criteria providing accurate information of 2305 episodes of candidemia. The predominant species were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, followed by notable proportions of Nakaseomyces glabratus. Limited access to diagnostic tests was evident as only 5 out of 16 studies on candidemia were able to report antifungal susceptibility testing results. In vitro resistance to echinocandins was rare (only 6/396 isolates, 1,5%). In counterpart, fluconazole exhibited resistance rates ranging from 0 to 43%, with great heterogeneity among different studies and species of Candida considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our review underscores the critical need for enhanced surveillance and research efforts to address the evolving landscape of candidemia and antifungal resistance in Brazil. Despite some limitations, available data suggest that while resistance to echinocandins and amphotericin B remains rare, there is a growing concern regarding resistance to fluconazole among Candida species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00843-4
Xiaoxi Xu, Junwen Huang, Li Luo, Yuping Ran
{"title":"A Giant Panda's Skin and Hairs Infection of Nannizzia Gypsum on Lumbosacral Region Successfully Treated by Oral Terbinafine and Topic Naftifine-ketoconazole Cream.","authors":"Xiaoxi Xu, Junwen Huang, Li Luo, Yuping Ran","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00843-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00843-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dermatophyte biofilms frequently count for inadequate responses and resistance to standard antifungal treatments, resulting in refractory chronic onychomycosis infection. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has clinically proven to exert significant antifungal effects or even capable of eradicating dermatophyte biofilms, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying aPDT and the potential dysregulation of signaling networks that could antagonize its action. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlining aPDT combat against dermatophyte biofilm in recalcitrant onychomycosis and to decipher the potential detoxification processes elicited by aPDT, facilitating the development of more effective photodynamic interventions. We applied genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate how aPDT disrupting onychomycosis biofilm formed by three distinct dermatophytes, including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum, the most frequently occurring pathogenic species. In total, 352.13 Gb of clean data were obtained for the transcriptomes of dermatophyte biofilms with or without aPDT treatment, resulting in 2,422.42 million reads with GC content of 51.84%, covering 99.9%, 98.5% and 99.4% of annotated genes of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum, respectively. The genome-wide orthologous analysis identified 6624 transcribed single-copy orthologous genes in all three species, and 36.5%, 6.8% and 17.9% of which were differentially expressed following aPDT treatment. Integrative orthology analysis demonstrated the upregulation of oxidoreductase activities is a highly conserved detoxification signaling alteration in response to aPDT across all investigated dermatophyte biofilms. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underneath anti-dermatophyte biofilm effects of aPDT and successfully identified a conserved detoxification regulation upon the aPDT application.
{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum Dermatophyte Biofilms in Response to Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Borui Chen, Jinyan Zhang, Juanjuan Li, Yuwen Qian, Binbin Huang, Xiaomo Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00865-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00865-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatophyte biofilms frequently count for inadequate responses and resistance to standard antifungal treatments, resulting in refractory chronic onychomycosis infection. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has clinically proven to exert significant antifungal effects or even capable of eradicating dermatophyte biofilms, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying aPDT and the potential dysregulation of signaling networks that could antagonize its action. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlining aPDT combat against dermatophyte biofilm in recalcitrant onychomycosis and to decipher the potential detoxification processes elicited by aPDT, facilitating the development of more effective photodynamic interventions. We applied genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate how aPDT disrupting onychomycosis biofilm formed by three distinct dermatophytes, including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum, the most frequently occurring pathogenic species. In total, 352.13 Gb of clean data were obtained for the transcriptomes of dermatophyte biofilms with or without aPDT treatment, resulting in 2,422.42 million reads with GC content of 51.84%, covering 99.9%, 98.5% and 99.4% of annotated genes of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum, respectively. The genome-wide orthologous analysis identified 6624 transcribed single-copy orthologous genes in all three species, and 36.5%, 6.8% and 17.9% of which were differentially expressed following aPDT treatment. Integrative orthology analysis demonstrated the upregulation of oxidoreductase activities is a highly conserved detoxification signaling alteration in response to aPDT across all investigated dermatophyte biofilms. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underneath anti-dermatophyte biofilm effects of aPDT and successfully identified a conserved detoxification regulation upon the aPDT application.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00858-x
M-A Bovy, P Beckers, F Defawe, F Lifrange, J Cheret, M-P Hayette, N Layios
A 67 year-old male was admitted in the ICU because of multi-organ failure due to sepsis secondary to Fournier's gangrene. He had sustained radical prostatectomy in the last 48 hours. Peritoneal fluid and fatty tissue biopsies grew Aspergillus Fumigatus without concomitant pulmonary involvement. Postoperative acquisition via exogenous and endogenous routes is discussed, as this nosocomial entity is very rarely reported apart from peritoneal dialysis, especially in non-immunosuppressed patients.
{"title":"Aspergillus fumigatus Postoperative Fasciitis and Peritonitis.","authors":"M-A Bovy, P Beckers, F Defawe, F Lifrange, J Cheret, M-P Hayette, N Layios","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00858-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00858-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 67 year-old male was admitted in the ICU because of multi-organ failure due to sepsis secondary to Fournier's gangrene. He had sustained radical prostatectomy in the last 48 hours. Peritoneal fluid and fatty tissue biopsies grew Aspergillus Fumigatus without concomitant pulmonary involvement. Postoperative acquisition via exogenous and endogenous routes is discussed, as this nosocomial entity is very rarely reported apart from peritoneal dialysis, especially in non-immunosuppressed patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00864-z
Vera Portillo, Dionysios Neofytos
The incidence of breakthrough mold infections (bIMI) has been increasing, due to routine administration of broad-spectrum antifungal prophylaxis and an increasing pool of high-risk patient populations, with fungi more challenging to treat, resulting in a sustained high mortality, despite progress in diagnostic and therapeutic options. Pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs, fungal, and host, including genetic, factors play a role in the emergence of bIMI. Suggested therapeutic approaches have included change of antifungal class treatment, with amphotericin-B products predominating as first-line empirical treatment and switching from one broad-spectrum azole to another remaining the most frequently used treatment modalities. Future perspectives include determining individual susceptibility to IMI to tailor prophylaxis and treatment strategies, improved diagnostic tests, and the introduction of new antifungal agents that may reduce morbidity and mortality caused by bIMI.
{"title":"An Update on Breakthrough Invasive Mold Infections.","authors":"Vera Portillo, Dionysios Neofytos","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00864-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00864-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of breakthrough mold infections (bIMI) has been increasing, due to routine administration of broad-spectrum antifungal prophylaxis and an increasing pool of high-risk patient populations, with fungi more challenging to treat, resulting in a sustained high mortality, despite progress in diagnostic and therapeutic options. Pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs, fungal, and host, including genetic, factors play a role in the emergence of bIMI. Suggested therapeutic approaches have included change of antifungal class treatment, with amphotericin-B products predominating as first-line empirical treatment and switching from one broad-spectrum azole to another remaining the most frequently used treatment modalities. Future perspectives include determining individual susceptibility to IMI to tailor prophylaxis and treatment strategies, improved diagnostic tests, and the introduction of new antifungal agents that may reduce morbidity and mortality caused by bIMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11176211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00857-y
D A J Agokeng, S Dabou, J Kabtani, K B D Agokeng, K Diongue, G S S Njateng, S Ranque
Data on the epidemiology of tinea capitis (TC), an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, are scarce in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC among school-children in the Dschang Subdivision, Western Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2021 in Dschang including pupils aged 5-13. First, a standardized questionnaire was administered to participant for the collection of sociodemographic data. Then, samples were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Gentamicin Agar. The etiological agents were identified based on their morphological features and with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1070 children were clinically examined and 108 (10.1%) children presented with TC lesions. The mean age of the 1070 participants was 8.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 5-13 years); 772 (72.2%) were males. The use of borehole water (OR = 0.01, 95%CI[0.001-0.03]), spring water (OR = 0.2, 95%CI[0.08-0.50]), rainwater (OR = 0.004, 95%CI[0.001-0.016]), and hairdressing salons visits (OR = 0.413, 95%CI[0.196-0.872]) were associated with a decreased TC risk in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. In contrast, sharing bed with siblings (OR = 4.48, 95%CI[2.095-9.60]) was associated with an increased TC risk in children. Among the 32 dermatophytes isolated in culture, Microsporum audouinii was the most frequent (43.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (25.0%) and T. soudanense (25.0%). Microsporum canis and T. violaceum were both rarely isolated. Further studies are warranted to assess the association of TC with domestic water usage that has been highlighted in this study.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Tinea Capitis Among School-Children in Dschang, Western Cameroon.","authors":"D A J Agokeng, S Dabou, J Kabtani, K B D Agokeng, K Diongue, G S S Njateng, S Ranque","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00857-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00857-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on the epidemiology of tinea capitis (TC), an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, are scarce in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC among school-children in the Dschang Subdivision, Western Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2021 in Dschang including pupils aged 5-13. First, a standardized questionnaire was administered to participant for the collection of sociodemographic data. Then, samples were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Gentamicin Agar. The etiological agents were identified based on their morphological features and with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1070 children were clinically examined and 108 (10.1%) children presented with TC lesions. The mean age of the 1070 participants was 8.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 5-13 years); 772 (72.2%) were males. The use of borehole water (OR = 0.01, <sub>95%</sub>CI[0.001-0.03]), spring water (OR = 0.2, <sub>95%</sub>CI[0.08-0.50]), rainwater (OR = 0.004, <sub>95%</sub>CI[0.001-0.016]), and hairdressing salons visits (OR = 0.413, <sub>95%</sub>CI[0.196-0.872]) were associated with a decreased TC risk in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. In contrast, sharing bed with siblings (OR = 4.48, <sub>95%</sub>CI[2.095-9.60]) was associated with an increased TC risk in children. Among the 32 dermatophytes isolated in culture, Microsporum audouinii was the most frequent (43.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (25.0%) and T. soudanense (25.0%). Microsporum canis and T. violaceum were both rarely isolated. Further studies are warranted to assess the association of TC with domestic water usage that has been highlighted in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00854-1
Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho, Andreia Ferreira Nery, Marcia Hueb, Ivana Garcia, Armando Guevara, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Rosane Christine Hahn
Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species commonly found in soil, mosses, and decaying plant matter. The lymphocutaneous manifestation, historically associated with occupational activities and sapronotic transmission, has recently been observed to also occur through animal contact, particularly notable in Brazil. We describe a rare case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with simultaneous pulmonary complications resulting from the scratching of a southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus, primarily inhabiting the arid forests of South America's central region. Speciation using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) established the etiological agent as S. schenckii s. str., while amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis unveiled a novel genotype circulating in the Midwest of Brazil. The patient received treatment with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for two months, leading to substantial clinical improvement of cutaneous and pulmonary symptoms. This case highlights the critical role of animal-mediated transmission in sporotrichosis epidemiology, particularly within regions with diverse armadillo species. The unusual epidemiology and genetic characteristics of this case emphasize the need for enhanced awareness and diagnostic vigilance in atypical sporotrichosis presentations.
孢子丝菌病是一种分布于全球的皮下真菌病,由常见于土壤、苔藓和腐烂植物中的二形孢子丝菌引起。淋巴皮肤表现历来与职业活动和无菌传播有关,但最近观察到也可通过动物接触发生,这在巴西尤为显著。我们描述了一例罕见的淋巴皮肤孢子丝菌病病例,该病例因搔抓主要栖息于南美洲中部干旱森林的南方三带犰狳(Tolypeutes matacus)而引起,同时伴有肺部并发症。利用多重定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)进行的物种鉴定确定了病原体为S. schenckii s. str.,而扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分析则揭示了一种在巴西中西部地区流行的新型基因型。患者接受了为期两个月的伊曲康唑(200 毫克/天)治疗,皮肤和肺部症状得到了显著改善。该病例凸显了动物媒介传播在孢子丝菌病流行病学中的关键作用,尤其是在犰狳种类繁多的地区。该病例不寻常的流行病学和遗传特征强调了在非典型孢子丝菌病病例中提高意识和诊断警惕的必要性。
{"title":"Multifocal Sporotrichosis Associated with Armadillo Hunting in Midwest Brazil: An In-Depth Case Study and Comprehensive Literature Analysis.","authors":"Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho, Andreia Ferreira Nery, Marcia Hueb, Ivana Garcia, Armando Guevara, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Rosane Christine Hahn","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00854-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00854-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species commonly found in soil, mosses, and decaying plant matter. The lymphocutaneous manifestation, historically associated with occupational activities and sapronotic transmission, has recently been observed to also occur through animal contact, particularly notable in Brazil. We describe a rare case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with simultaneous pulmonary complications resulting from the scratching of a southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus, primarily inhabiting the arid forests of South America's central region. Speciation using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) established the etiological agent as S. schenckii s. str., while amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis unveiled a novel genotype circulating in the Midwest of Brazil. The patient received treatment with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for two months, leading to substantial clinical improvement of cutaneous and pulmonary symptoms. This case highlights the critical role of animal-mediated transmission in sporotrichosis epidemiology, particularly within regions with diverse armadillo species. The unusual epidemiology and genetic characteristics of this case emphasize the need for enhanced awareness and diagnostic vigilance in atypical sporotrichosis presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00853-2
Aleksandra Barac, Ankica Vujovic, Jovan Peric, Ivan Tulic, Maja Stojanovic, Mihailo Stjepanovic
Aspergillosis encompasses a wide range of clinical conditions based on the interaction between Aspergillus and the host. It ranges from colonization to invasive aspergillosis. The human lung provides an entry door for Aspergillus. Aspergillus has virulence characteristics such as conidia, rapid growth at body temperature, and the production of specific proteins, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites that allow A. fumigatus to infiltrate the lung's alveoli and cause invasive aspergillosis. Alveolar epithelial cells play an important role in both fungus clearance and immune cell recruitment via cytokine release. Although the innate immune system quickly clears conidia in immunocompetent hosts, A. fumigatus has evolved multiple virulence factors in order to escape immune response such as ROS detoxifying enzymes, the rodlet layer, DHN-melanin and toxins. Bacterial co-infections or interactions can alter the immune response, impact Aspergillus growth and virulence, enhance biofilm formation, confound diagnosis, and reduce treatment efficacy. The gut microbiome's makeup influences pulmonary immune responses generated by A. fumigatus infection and vice versa. The real-time PCR for Aspergillus DNA detection might be a particularly useful tool to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis. Metagenomics analyses allow quick and easy detection and identification of a great variety of fungi in different clinical samples, although optimization is still required particularly for the use of NGS techniques. This review will analyze the current state of aspergillosis in light of recent discoveries in the microbiota and mycobiota.
曲霉菌病包括各种基于曲霉菌与宿主相互作用的临床症状。它包括从定植到侵袭性曲霉菌病。人的肺部是曲霉菌的入口。曲霉菌具有分生孢子、在体温下快速生长以及产生特定蛋白质、碳水化合物和次生代谢物等毒力特征,这些特征使得烟曲霉菌能够渗入肺泡并引起侵袭性曲霉菌病。肺泡上皮细胞在清除真菌和通过释放细胞因子招募免疫细胞方面都发挥着重要作用。虽然先天性免疫系统能迅速清除免疫功能正常宿主的分生孢子,但烟曲霉已进化出多种毒力因子,以逃避免疫反应,如 ROS 解毒酶、小杆层、DHN-黑色素和毒素。细菌合并感染或相互作用会改变免疫反应,影响曲霉菌的生长和毒力,促进生物膜的形成,混淆诊断并降低治疗效果。肠道微生物组的构成会影响烟曲霉感染产生的肺部免疫反应,反之亦然。用于检测曲霉菌 DNA 的实时 PCR 可能是诊断肺曲霉菌病的一种特别有用的工具。元基因组学分析可快速、简便地检测和鉴定不同临床样本中的多种真菌,但仍需优化,特别是在使用 NGS 技术时。本综述将根据微生物群和真菌生物群的最新发现分析曲霉菌病的现状。
{"title":"Rethinking Aspergillosis in the Era of Microbiota and Mycobiota.","authors":"Aleksandra Barac, Ankica Vujovic, Jovan Peric, Ivan Tulic, Maja Stojanovic, Mihailo Stjepanovic","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00853-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00853-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillosis encompasses a wide range of clinical conditions based on the interaction between Aspergillus and the host. It ranges from colonization to invasive aspergillosis. The human lung provides an entry door for Aspergillus. Aspergillus has virulence characteristics such as conidia, rapid growth at body temperature, and the production of specific proteins, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites that allow A. fumigatus to infiltrate the lung's alveoli and cause invasive aspergillosis. Alveolar epithelial cells play an important role in both fungus clearance and immune cell recruitment via cytokine release. Although the innate immune system quickly clears conidia in immunocompetent hosts, A. fumigatus has evolved multiple virulence factors in order to escape immune response such as ROS detoxifying enzymes, the rodlet layer, DHN-melanin and toxins. Bacterial co-infections or interactions can alter the immune response, impact Aspergillus growth and virulence, enhance biofilm formation, confound diagnosis, and reduce treatment efficacy. The gut microbiome's makeup influences pulmonary immune responses generated by A. fumigatus infection and vice versa. The real-time PCR for Aspergillus DNA detection might be a particularly useful tool to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis. Metagenomics analyses allow quick and easy detection and identification of a great variety of fungi in different clinical samples, although optimization is still required particularly for the use of NGS techniques. This review will analyze the current state of aspergillosis in light of recent discoveries in the microbiota and mycobiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}