Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241940
A. Ivanov, S. Vasiliev
Development of laser torch forming near the irradiated surface was investigated by means of fast holographic filming. It is shown that the density of plasma formation on the border of irradiated spot and in the centre are different. This effect is connected with different conditions of energy dissipation from the plasma connected with lateral unloading. The difference of concentration maximums on different regimes of laser treating is also observed. For instance, during mono-pulse action maximum is disposed in the centre of irradiated spot, during two-pulse action two maximums symmetrically removed from the centre are observed. This effect can be connected with the refraction of laser radiation in the already existing plasma. It is also shown that each laser pulse brings separate contribution in laser plasma formation on the surface of irradiated sample. For plasma plumes forming by the second and by next laser pulses presence of several plasma fronts supported by laser radiation and spreading along the laser beam in the already existing plasma is characteristic.
{"title":"Plasma Formation During Pulse-Periodical Laser Treating of Metals","authors":"A. Ivanov, S. Vasiliev","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241940","url":null,"abstract":"Development of laser torch forming near the irradiated surface was investigated by means of fast holographic filming. It is shown that the density of plasma formation on the border of irradiated spot and in the centre are different. This effect is connected with different conditions of energy dissipation from the plasma connected with lateral unloading. The difference of concentration maximums on different regimes of laser treating is also observed. For instance, during mono-pulse action maximum is disposed in the centre of irradiated spot, during two-pulse action two maximums symmetrically removed from the centre are observed. This effect can be connected with the refraction of laser radiation in the already existing plasma. It is also shown that each laser pulse brings separate contribution in laser plasma formation on the surface of irradiated sample. For plasma plumes forming by the second and by next laser pulses presence of several plasma fronts supported by laser radiation and spreading along the laser beam in the already existing plasma is characteristic.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124919199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242182
A. Nogai, A. Nogai, S. Stefanovich, Jusupbek Salikhodzha, D. Uskenbayev
This article researched the phase transitions and conductive properties of solid solutions Na3SC2(1-x)M2x(PO4)3, where M = Cr, Yb in the concentration range x = 0 - 0.03. The peculiarities of ionic conductivity in the $alpha$- and $beta$-, $gamma$- phases of the studied solid solutions were clarified. The concentration dependences of the phase transition temperatures $T_{alpharightarrowbeta}$ and $T_{betarightarrowgamma}$ of solid solutions of substitution Na3SC2(1-x)M2x(PO4)3, where M = Sc, Cr have been established.
{"title":"Substitutions Influence on Ionic Conductivity and Phase Transitions of Solid Solutions Na3Sc2(1-x)M2x(PO4)3, where M = Cr, Yb","authors":"A. Nogai, A. Nogai, S. Stefanovich, Jusupbek Salikhodzha, D. Uskenbayev","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242182","url":null,"abstract":"This article researched the phase transitions and conductive properties of solid solutions Na<sub>3</sub>SC<sub>2(1-x)</sub>M<sub>2x</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, where M = Cr, Yb in the concentration range x = 0 - 0.03. The peculiarities of ionic conductivity in the <tex>$alpha$</tex>- and <tex>$beta$</tex>-, <tex>$gamma$</tex>- phases of the studied solid solutions were clarified. The concentration dependences of the phase transition temperatures <tex>$T_{alpharightarrowbeta}$</tex> and <tex>$T_{betarightarrowgamma}$</tex> of solid solutions of substitution Na<sub>3</sub>SC<sub>2(1-x)</sub>M<sub>2x</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, where M = Sc, Cr have been established.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124948719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242171
D. Shmelev, M. M. Tsventoukh, I. Uimanov, Lijun Wang, S. Barengolts
Self-consistent modeling of anode heating by a vacuum arc during 50 Hz half-wave of a current with contact opening speed of 1 m/s is carried out. As a result of the simulation, the heating of the anode to the temperature at which the metal vapor begins to enter the interelectrode gap with the formation of an anode plasma plume (similar to that found in experiments) was obtained. It is shown that the energy flux of linear radiation from the interelectrode plasma to the anode is a critical reason of the appearance and maintenance of the anode plume.
{"title":"Selfconsistent Simulation of Development of Anode Spot in High Current Vacuum Arc","authors":"D. Shmelev, M. M. Tsventoukh, I. Uimanov, Lijun Wang, S. Barengolts","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242171","url":null,"abstract":"Self-consistent modeling of anode heating by a vacuum arc during 50 Hz half-wave of a current with contact opening speed of 1 m/s is carried out. As a result of the simulation, the heating of the anode to the temperature at which the metal vapor begins to enter the interelectrode gap with the formation of an anode plasma plume (similar to that found in experiments) was obtained. It is shown that the energy flux of linear radiation from the interelectrode plasma to the anode is a critical reason of the appearance and maintenance of the anode plume.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125004781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241912
N. Zubarev, K. Sharypov, S. Shunailov, A. Sadykova, V. Shpak, M. Yalandin
We analyze features of the burst of fast electrons arriving to the anode of elongated, air-filled gap with a sharply inhomogeneous electric field with a delay relative to the primary picosecond runaway electron flow. Sufficiently high energy of the secondary particles qualifies them also as runaway electrons. The secondary flow appearance suggests impact ionization of the gas in the main part of the gap by the primary runaway electrons, as well as the presence of a residual electric field and its dynamic transformation due to propagation of the fast ionization wave toward the anode. Considering this concept, one can explain the sensitivity of the delay between two electron flows to the cathode-anode distance and to the regime of the ionization wave cut-off by an additional, floating-potential foil electrode partially transparent for primary electrons. The use of an ionization agent in the form of bremsstrahlung from a similar, tantalum foil electrode opaque to primary electrons leads to an earlier arrival of the secondary fast electrons to the anode.
{"title":"Formation of the Secondary Runaway Electron Flow in an Elongated Atmospheric Gap","authors":"N. Zubarev, K. Sharypov, S. Shunailov, A. Sadykova, V. Shpak, M. Yalandin","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241912","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze features of the burst of fast electrons arriving to the anode of elongated, air-filled gap with a sharply inhomogeneous electric field with a delay relative to the primary picosecond runaway electron flow. Sufficiently high energy of the secondary particles qualifies them also as runaway electrons. The secondary flow appearance suggests impact ionization of the gas in the main part of the gap by the primary runaway electrons, as well as the presence of a residual electric field and its dynamic transformation due to propagation of the fast ionization wave toward the anode. Considering this concept, one can explain the sensitivity of the delay between two electron flows to the cathode-anode distance and to the regime of the ionization wave cut-off by an additional, floating-potential foil electrode partially transparent for primary electrons. The use of an ionization agent in the form of bremsstrahlung from a similar, tantalum foil electrode opaque to primary electrons leads to an earlier arrival of the secondary fast electrons to the anode.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125158848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241934
N. Kuksanov, Y. Golubenko, Alexander Lavruchin, D. Kogut, I. Chakin, S. Fadeev, P. Nemytov, A. Semenov, E. Domarov, V. Cherepkov, R. Salimov, A. Korchagin, M. Golkovsky, Denis Vorobiev
Electron-beam technologies have been used extensively in radiation treatment of polymer compositions. The use of these technologies enabled to develop the manufacture of a wide range of wires, cables and heatshrinking goods, films, bands, etc. All of them are of high security and reliability during operation as under standard and extreme operating conditions. The powerful industrial electron accelerators are perfect instruments for radiation treatment of polymers. This paper reviews the development and status of the ELV electron accelerators that are intent for industrial application.
{"title":"High Power DC Electron Accelerators of ELV-Type for Research and Industrial Application","authors":"N. Kuksanov, Y. Golubenko, Alexander Lavruchin, D. Kogut, I. Chakin, S. Fadeev, P. Nemytov, A. Semenov, E. Domarov, V. Cherepkov, R. Salimov, A. Korchagin, M. Golkovsky, Denis Vorobiev","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241934","url":null,"abstract":"Electron-beam technologies have been used extensively in radiation treatment of polymer compositions. The use of these technologies enabled to develop the manufacture of a wide range of wires, cables and heatshrinking goods, films, bands, etc. All of them are of high security and reliability during operation as under standard and extreme operating conditions. The powerful industrial electron accelerators are perfect instruments for radiation treatment of polymers. This paper reviews the development and status of the ELV electron accelerators that are intent for industrial application.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242081
D. Dukhopelnikov, D. Kirillov
Vacuum arcs discharge is widely used in industry to coat the parts with wear-resistant, heat-resistant, tribological and decorative coatings. The disadvantage of the method is macroparticle fraction, which is emitted from a cathode spot region. One of the way to suppress the macroparticles is arched magnetic field applied to cathode surface. It is considered that the productivity of the arc evaporators is depended only on cathode material and arc current. In this work we found out that this rule is enforced when the arched magnetic field is used for different meterials (the semiconductor and the set of metals). The possible reasons were considered. The influence of each reason was calculated.
{"title":"Influence of the Arched Magnetic Field on the Cathode Erosion Rate of the Vacuum Arc Discharge","authors":"D. Dukhopelnikov, D. Kirillov","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242081","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum arcs discharge is widely used in industry to coat the parts with wear-resistant, heat-resistant, tribological and decorative coatings. The disadvantage of the method is macroparticle fraction, which is emitted from a cathode spot region. One of the way to suppress the macroparticles is arched magnetic field applied to cathode surface. It is considered that the productivity of the arc evaporators is depended only on cathode material and arc current. In this work we found out that this rule is enforced when the arched magnetic field is used for different meterials (the semiconductor and the set of metals). The possible reasons were considered. The influence of each reason was calculated.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125620546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241933
N. Mamedov, A. Rohmanenkov, S. Maslennikov, I. Sorokin, A. Solodovnikov, D. Kolodko
The paper presents the results of experiments and PIC (particle-in-cell) simulations of ignition characteristics of miniature pulsed penning ion source. Also the dependence of the discharge current pulse on the gas pressure and magnetic field are presented. Plasma behavior (electron and ion density in axial and radial dimensional) depending on magnitude (and configuration) of the magnetic field and pressure (working gas is deuterium) was shown.
{"title":"Plasma Behavior in E×H Pulse Discharge","authors":"N. Mamedov, A. Rohmanenkov, S. Maslennikov, I. Sorokin, A. Solodovnikov, D. Kolodko","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241933","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of experiments and PIC (particle-in-cell) simulations of ignition characteristics of miniature pulsed penning ion source. Also the dependence of the discharge current pulse on the gas pressure and magnetic field are presented. Plasma behavior (electron and ion density in axial and radial dimensional) depending on magnitude (and configuration) of the magnetic field and pressure (working gas is deuterium) was shown.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122832852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241953
Loy Nadezhda, Doroshkevich Sergey, S. Natalya, Suslova Olga, V. Maxim, Gulina Svetlana, Chizh Taras
The influence of presowing low-energy electron irradiation on the damage to the seeds of spring wheat varieties Setora with diseases and on the sowing quality of seeds was studied. It has been shown that presowing irradiation of seeds effectively reduces incidence by pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. and their prevalence depending on the radiation dose, dose rate and post-radiation period, stimulates laboratory germination, increases dry biomass, seedling length and seedling root length.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Electron Radiation Application for Preseep Treatment of Spring Wheat","authors":"Loy Nadezhda, Doroshkevich Sergey, S. Natalya, Suslova Olga, V. Maxim, Gulina Svetlana, Chizh Taras","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9241953","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of presowing low-energy electron irradiation on the damage to the seeds of spring wheat varieties Setora with diseases and on the sowing quality of seeds was studied. It has been shown that presowing irradiation of seeds effectively reduces incidence by pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. and their prevalence depending on the radiation dose, dose rate and post-radiation period, stimulates laboratory germination, increases dry biomass, seedling length and seedling root length.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131268053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242050
E. Oreshkin
X-ray and gamma flares observed in the Earth's atmosphere during a thunderstorm are associated with the generation of runaway electrons in the atmospheric electric field. It is assumed that the main role in high-altitude discharges observed in a thunderstorm atmosphere is played by avalanches of runaway electrons initiated by cosmic rays. Using numerical calculations, in which the process of electron acceleration under the influence of a constant electrostatic force was simulated, the patterns of the evolution of avalanches of runaway electrons in air are investigated and the parameters of the critical avalanche of runaway electrons are determined.
{"title":"The Magnetic Field Generated by a Critical Avalanche of Runaway Electrons","authors":"E. Oreshkin","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242050","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray and gamma flares observed in the Earth's atmosphere during a thunderstorm are associated with the generation of runaway electrons in the atmospheric electric field. It is assumed that the main role in high-altitude discharges observed in a thunderstorm atmosphere is played by avalanches of runaway electrons initiated by cosmic rays. Using numerical calculations, in which the process of electron acceleration under the influence of a constant electrostatic force was simulated, the patterns of the evolution of avalanches of runaway electrons in air are investigated and the parameters of the critical avalanche of runaway electrons are determined.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131522545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-14DOI: 10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242007
R. Vazirov, S. Sokovnin, E. Agdantseva, A. Tsmokalyuk
In this work a qualitative analysis is carried out by EPR methods in the middle region dose level. Using the EPR method it was found that the irradiated materials contain a small amount of steam, magnetic centers of free radicals. However, after irradiation its number increases respectively to the dose and electron energy. It is important that the EPR method allows establishing not only the fact of product irradiation but also the value of the absorbed dose.
{"title":"Radiation-Induced Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance Signal for Monitoring Radiation Processing of Food Products","authors":"R. Vazirov, S. Sokovnin, E. Agdantseva, A. Tsmokalyuk","doi":"10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EFRE47760.2020.9242007","url":null,"abstract":"In this work a qualitative analysis is carried out by EPR methods in the middle region dose level. Using the EPR method it was found that the irradiated materials contain a small amount of steam, magnetic centers of free radicals. However, after irradiation its number increases respectively to the dose and electron energy. It is important that the EPR method allows establishing not only the fact of product irradiation but also the value of the absorbed dose.","PeriodicalId":190249,"journal":{"name":"2020 7th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131567879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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