Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04141-4
Priscilla K Brastianos,Katharine Dooley,Susan Geyer,Elizabeth R Gerstner,Timothy J Kaufmann,A John Iafrate,Maria Martinez-Lage,Mohammed Milhem,Mary Roberta Welch,Thomas J Kaley,Jan Drappatz,Amy Chan,Priya Kumthekar,Carlos Kamiya Matsuoka,Roy E Strowd,Adam L Cohen,Kurt Jaeckle,Lindsay Robell,Rajiv S Magge,Joo Yeon Nam,Nicholas Blondin,Nawal Shaikh,Ian Rabinowitz,Alissa A Thomas,David E Piccioni,Paul Brown,Stefan Kaluziak,Elizabeth Codd,Daniel P Cahill,Sandro Santagata,Frederick G Barker,Evanthia Galanis
Systemic treatments are limited for patients with meningiomas that have progressed after surgery or radiation. Loss of NF2 and CDKN2A/CDKN2B is common in higher-grade meningiomas and promotes progression in preclinical models. We evaluated the efficacy of abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, as one arm of the Alliance umbrella trial A071401, a genomically driven phase 2 study in recurrent and progressive meningiomas. Eligible patients with grade 2 or 3 tumors and NF2 mutations or CDK pathway alterations were treated with abemaciclib. Two co-primary endpoints were used: progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and response rate as defined by local review; the trial would be declared positive if either endpoint was met. The success threshold for PFS6 was 8 or more of 24 patients; for the response rate, it was 3 or more of 24 patients. Ninety-six patients were screened and 36 patients received treatment. The mean number of treatment cycles was nine and the median follow-up was 21 months. The first 24 patients who met the eligibility criteria and began treatment could be evaluated for the primary endpoint. The observed PFS6 rate was 58% (14 of 24 patients, 95% confidence interval = 37-78%), thus meeting the PFS6 criteria for promising activity. The best response was stable disease in 16 of 24 patients. Of the 36 patients who started treatment, nine had a grade 3 and two had grade 4 adverse events at least possibly related to treatment. Grade 4 toxicities included alanine aminotransferase elevation (1), aspartate aminotransferase elevation (1) and vomiting (1). The trial met its primary endpoint. Abemaciclib was well tolerated and resulted in improved PFS6. Abemaciclib warrants further investigation for patients with progressive grade 2 or 3 meningiomas harboring NF2 or CDK pathway alterations. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02523014 .
{"title":"Abemaciclib in meningiomas with somatic NF2 or CDK pathway alterations: the phase 2 Alliance A071401 trial.","authors":"Priscilla K Brastianos,Katharine Dooley,Susan Geyer,Elizabeth R Gerstner,Timothy J Kaufmann,A John Iafrate,Maria Martinez-Lage,Mohammed Milhem,Mary Roberta Welch,Thomas J Kaley,Jan Drappatz,Amy Chan,Priya Kumthekar,Carlos Kamiya Matsuoka,Roy E Strowd,Adam L Cohen,Kurt Jaeckle,Lindsay Robell,Rajiv S Magge,Joo Yeon Nam,Nicholas Blondin,Nawal Shaikh,Ian Rabinowitz,Alissa A Thomas,David E Piccioni,Paul Brown,Stefan Kaluziak,Elizabeth Codd,Daniel P Cahill,Sandro Santagata,Frederick G Barker,Evanthia Galanis","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04141-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04141-4","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic treatments are limited for patients with meningiomas that have progressed after surgery or radiation. Loss of NF2 and CDKN2A/CDKN2B is common in higher-grade meningiomas and promotes progression in preclinical models. We evaluated the efficacy of abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, as one arm of the Alliance umbrella trial A071401, a genomically driven phase 2 study in recurrent and progressive meningiomas. Eligible patients with grade 2 or 3 tumors and NF2 mutations or CDK pathway alterations were treated with abemaciclib. Two co-primary endpoints were used: progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and response rate as defined by local review; the trial would be declared positive if either endpoint was met. The success threshold for PFS6 was 8 or more of 24 patients; for the response rate, it was 3 or more of 24 patients. Ninety-six patients were screened and 36 patients received treatment. The mean number of treatment cycles was nine and the median follow-up was 21 months. The first 24 patients who met the eligibility criteria and began treatment could be evaluated for the primary endpoint. The observed PFS6 rate was 58% (14 of 24 patients, 95% confidence interval = 37-78%), thus meeting the PFS6 criteria for promising activity. The best response was stable disease in 16 of 24 patients. Of the 36 patients who started treatment, nine had a grade 3 and two had grade 4 adverse events at least possibly related to treatment. Grade 4 toxicities included alanine aminotransferase elevation (1), aspartate aminotransferase elevation (1) and vomiting (1). The trial met its primary endpoint. Abemaciclib was well tolerated and resulted in improved PFS6. Abemaciclib warrants further investigation for patients with progressive grade 2 or 3 meningiomas harboring NF2 or CDK pathway alterations. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02523014 .","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04169-6
Xiaoxu Li,Giorgia Benegiamo,Archana Vijayakumar,Natalie Sroda,Masaki Kimura,Ryan S Huss,Steve Weng,Eisuke Murakami,Brian J Kirby,Giacomo V G von Alvensleben,Claus Kremoser,Edward J Gane,Takanori Takebe,Robert P Myers,G Mani Subramanian,Johan Auwerx
Despite advances in lipid-lowering treatment, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality, underscoring the need to address residual risk. Targeting both the synthesis and clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins is a promising approach. Liver X receptor (LXR) repression can reduce plasma TG and cholesterol and improve insulin sensitivity by suppressing de novo lipogenesis and intestinal lipid absorption and enhancing clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins, but its clinical utility remains unexplored. Here we demonstrate the role of LXR inverse agonists in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases in preclinical models and humans. Given concerns that systemic LXR repression may impair reverse cholesterol transport, we developed TLC-2716, an orally administered, gut- and liver-restricted LXR inverse agonist. In human liver organoids modeling steatohepatitis, TLC-2716 reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed inflammation and fibrotic gene expression. In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial, 14-day treatment with TLC-2716 was well tolerated (primary endpoints) and resulted in placebo-adjusted reductions up to 38.5% in plasma TG and 61% in postprandial remnant cholesterol (secondary endpoints). In conclusion, these results highlight the tolerability and therapeutic potential of TLC-2716 as a treatment for managing dyslipidemia and reducing residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in humans. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05483998 .
尽管降脂治疗取得了进展，但动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病仍然是导致死亡的主要原因，这强调了解决剩余风险的必要性。靶向合成和清除富含甘油三酯（TG）的脂蛋白是一种很有前途的方法。抑制肝脏X受体（Liver X receptor， LXR）可通过抑制新生脂肪生成和肠道脂质吸收，增强富含TG的脂蛋白的清除，从而降低血浆TG和胆固醇，改善胰岛素敏感性，但其临床应用尚不明确。在这里，我们在临床前模型和人类中证明了LXR逆激动剂在脂质代谢和代谢性疾病中的作用。考虑到系统性LXR抑制可能会损害胆固醇的逆向运输，我们开发了TLC-2716，一种口服的，限制肠道和肝脏的LXR逆激动剂。在人类肝类器官模拟脂肪性肝炎中，TLC-2716减少脂质积累，抑制炎症和纤维化基因表达。在一项随机、安慰剂对照的1期临床试验中，TLC-2716治疗14天耐受性良好（主要终点），经安慰剂调整后血浆TG降低38.5%，餐后残余胆固醇降低61%（次要终点）。总之，这些结果突出了TLC-2716作为控制血脂异常和降低人类残余动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险的治疗方法的耐受性和治疗潜力。ClinicalTrials.gov识别码：NCT05483998。
{"title":"An oral, liver-restricted LXR inverse agonist for dyslipidemia: preclinical development and phase 1 trial.","authors":"Xiaoxu Li,Giorgia Benegiamo,Archana Vijayakumar,Natalie Sroda,Masaki Kimura,Ryan S Huss,Steve Weng,Eisuke Murakami,Brian J Kirby,Giacomo V G von Alvensleben,Claus Kremoser,Edward J Gane,Takanori Takebe,Robert P Myers,G Mani Subramanian,Johan Auwerx","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04169-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04169-6","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances in lipid-lowering treatment, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality, underscoring the need to address residual risk. Targeting both the synthesis and clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins is a promising approach. Liver X receptor (LXR) repression can reduce plasma TG and cholesterol and improve insulin sensitivity by suppressing de novo lipogenesis and intestinal lipid absorption and enhancing clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins, but its clinical utility remains unexplored. Here we demonstrate the role of LXR inverse agonists in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases in preclinical models and humans. Given concerns that systemic LXR repression may impair reverse cholesterol transport, we developed TLC-2716, an orally administered, gut- and liver-restricted LXR inverse agonist. In human liver organoids modeling steatohepatitis, TLC-2716 reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed inflammation and fibrotic gene expression. In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial, 14-day treatment with TLC-2716 was well tolerated (primary endpoints) and resulted in placebo-adjusted reductions up to 38.5% in plasma TG and 61% in postprandial remnant cholesterol (secondary endpoints). In conclusion, these results highlight the tolerability and therapeutic potential of TLC-2716 as a treatment for managing dyslipidemia and reducing residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in humans. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05483998 .","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04188-3
{"title":"A low-toxicity linezolid analog has potential for use in all patients with tuberculosis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04188-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04188-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04071-1
Atul Malhotra, Ronald Grunstein, Ali Azarbarzin, Scott Sands, Virend K. Somers, Louis J. Aronne, Ania M. Jastreboff, Jitong Lou, Sujatro Chakladar, Julia P. Dunn, Mathijs C. Bunck, Josef Bednarik
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk. The SURMOUNT-OSA master protocol comprised two, 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (study 1 and study 2) and demonstrated a significant reduction of a number of cardiometabolic risk measures in participants with OSA and obesity following treatment with tirzepatide. Here we report prespecified analysis of cardiometabolic risk measures in SURMOUNT-OSA. Post hoc analyses include changes in a homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and mediation analysis to determine the proportion of observed changes attributable to reductions in body weight, apnea–hypopnea index and sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden. In both study 1 and study 2 of SURMOUNT-OSA, tirzepatide treatment was associated with greater alleviation of cardiometabolic risk factors than placebo. Independent mediation effect of changes in OSA metrics was observed on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and triglycerides. The combination of changes in weight and OSA metrics, as well as weight alone, had a significant mediation effect on systolic blood pressure, but there was no significant mediation effect of weight or OSA metrics observed on diastolic blood pressure. Based on the mediation analysis, treating both sleep-disordered breathing and obesity is likely required to optimize the treatment effect on cardiometabolic benefits for patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number for this study is NCT05412004.
{"title":"Tirzepatide on obstructive sleep apnea-related cardiometabolic risk: secondary outcomes of the SURMOUNT-OSA randomized trial","authors":"Atul Malhotra, Ronald Grunstein, Ali Azarbarzin, Scott Sands, Virend K. Somers, Louis J. Aronne, Ania M. Jastreboff, Jitong Lou, Sujatro Chakladar, Julia P. Dunn, Mathijs C. Bunck, Josef Bednarik","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04071-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04071-1","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk. The SURMOUNT-OSA master protocol comprised two, 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (study 1 and study 2) and demonstrated a significant reduction of a number of cardiometabolic risk measures in participants with OSA and obesity following treatment with tirzepatide. Here we report prespecified analysis of cardiometabolic risk measures in SURMOUNT-OSA. Post hoc analyses include changes in a homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and mediation analysis to determine the proportion of observed changes attributable to reductions in body weight, apnea–hypopnea index and sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden. In both study 1 and study 2 of SURMOUNT-OSA, tirzepatide treatment was associated with greater alleviation of cardiometabolic risk factors than placebo. Independent mediation effect of changes in OSA metrics was observed on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and triglycerides. The combination of changes in weight and OSA metrics, as well as weight alone, had a significant mediation effect on systolic blood pressure, but there was no significant mediation effect of weight or OSA metrics observed on diastolic blood pressure. Based on the mediation analysis, treating both sleep-disordered breathing and obesity is likely required to optimize the treatment effect on cardiometabolic benefits for patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number for this study is NCT05412004.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04121-8
Matthew Ho, Luca Paruzzo, Julia Han Noll, Federico Stella, Pooja Devi, Sonia Ndeupen, Yael A. Day, Gregory M. Chen, Ivan J. Cohen, Angel Ramirez-Fernandez, Adam Waxman, Shivani Kapur, Fang Chen, Rong Xu, Andrew Huff, Danuta Jarocha, Vrutti Patel, Audrey C. Bochi-Layec, Ranjani Ramasubramanian, Shan Liu, Riemke Bouvier, Vitor B. de Souza, Heta Patel, Ziyu Li, Alberto Carturan, Peter Michener, Caitlin R. Hopkins, Owen Koucky, Janna Minehart, Alex Dimitri, Neel R. Nabar, Zainul S. Hasanali, Bryan T. Ciccarelli, Putzer Hung, Erik Williams, Robert Bartoszek, Maya Lavorando, Suyash Mohan, Vanessa E. Gonzalez, Patrizia Porazzi, Vijay G. Bhoj, Sokratis A. Apostolidis, Dan T. Vogl, David L. Porter, John Scholler, Caroline Diorio, Aoife M. Roche, John K. Everett, Frederic D. Bushman, Katherine L. Nathanson, Edward A. Stadtmauer, Sandra P. Susanibar-Adaniya, Alfred L. Garfall
B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of multiple myeloma but can cause unique toxicities, including cranial nerve palsy, parkinsonism and enterocolitis, which we refer to collectively as CAR T cell therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (CirAEs). Among 198 patients treated with ciltacabtagene autoleucel or idecabtagene vicleucel (June 2021–December 2024), 27 (13.6%) developed CirAEs. This included one remarkable case with three distinct CirAEs in association with an extreme CD4+ CAR T cell expansion (peak lymphocytes: 197 × 103 per microliter), which was abrogated in vitro by CCR5 inhibition. CirAEs were associated with significantly higher non-relapse mortality (hazard ratio = 5.2, P = 0.006), and independent risk factors included ciltacabtagene autoleucel (odds ratio = 4.5, P = 0.058), peak absolute lymphocyte count ≥ 2.4 × 103 per microliter in the first 14 days post-infusion (odds ratio = 4.3, P < 0.001) and apheresis CD4:CD8 ratio > 1 (odds ratio = 2.6, P = 0.048). We identified marked CD4+ CAR T cell infiltration in all available CirAE tissues, including cerebrospinal fluid during neurologic CirAEs, implicating CD4+ CAR T cell therapy as a key mediator of these toxicities.
{"title":"CD4+ T cells mediate CAR-T cell-associated immune-related adverse events after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy","authors":"Matthew Ho, Luca Paruzzo, Julia Han Noll, Federico Stella, Pooja Devi, Sonia Ndeupen, Yael A. Day, Gregory M. Chen, Ivan J. Cohen, Angel Ramirez-Fernandez, Adam Waxman, Shivani Kapur, Fang Chen, Rong Xu, Andrew Huff, Danuta Jarocha, Vrutti Patel, Audrey C. Bochi-Layec, Ranjani Ramasubramanian, Shan Liu, Riemke Bouvier, Vitor B. de Souza, Heta Patel, Ziyu Li, Alberto Carturan, Peter Michener, Caitlin R. Hopkins, Owen Koucky, Janna Minehart, Alex Dimitri, Neel R. Nabar, Zainul S. Hasanali, Bryan T. Ciccarelli, Putzer Hung, Erik Williams, Robert Bartoszek, Maya Lavorando, Suyash Mohan, Vanessa E. Gonzalez, Patrizia Porazzi, Vijay G. Bhoj, Sokratis A. Apostolidis, Dan T. Vogl, David L. Porter, John Scholler, Caroline Diorio, Aoife M. Roche, John K. Everett, Frederic D. Bushman, Katherine L. Nathanson, Edward A. Stadtmauer, Sandra P. Susanibar-Adaniya, Alfred L. Garfall","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04121-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04121-8","url":null,"abstract":"B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of multiple myeloma but can cause unique toxicities, including cranial nerve palsy, parkinsonism and enterocolitis, which we refer to collectively as CAR T cell therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (CirAEs). Among 198 patients treated with ciltacabtagene autoleucel or idecabtagene vicleucel (June 2021–December 2024), 27 (13.6%) developed CirAEs. This included one remarkable case with three distinct CirAEs in association with an extreme CD4+ CAR T cell expansion (peak lymphocytes: 197 × 103 per microliter), which was abrogated in vitro by CCR5 inhibition. CirAEs were associated with significantly higher non-relapse mortality (hazard ratio = 5.2, P = 0.006), and independent risk factors included ciltacabtagene autoleucel (odds ratio = 4.5, P = 0.058), peak absolute lymphocyte count ≥ 2.4 × 103 per microliter in the first 14 days post-infusion (odds ratio = 4.3, P < 0.001) and apheresis CD4:CD8 ratio > 1 (odds ratio = 2.6, P = 0.048). We identified marked CD4+ CAR T cell infiltration in all available CirAE tissues, including cerebrospinal fluid during neurologic CirAEs, implicating CD4+ CAR T cell therapy as a key mediator of these toxicities.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04175-8
Holly Lee, Sungwoo Ahn, Gerone A. Gonzales, Noemie Leblay, Elie Barakat, Dylan Greening, Pina Colarusso, Johnathan Canton, Sacha Benaoudia, Elham Hasheminasabgorji, Mansour Poorebrahim, David Jung, Marietta Truger, Jihong Jeong, Christine Riedhammer, Hermann Einsele, K. Martin Kortüm, Jan Eckmann, Jitka Somandin, Sara-Sheena Engel, Lawrence H. Boise, Jan Hendrik Frenking, Niels Weinhold, Konstantina Taouxi, Efstathios Kastritis, Sheri Skerget, Deeksha Vishwamitra, Yunje Cho, Francesco Maura, Marc S. Raab, Jill Corre, Leo Rasche, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Paola Neri, Nizar J. Bahlis
Tumor-intrinsic adaptations with emerging resistant clones following T cell-targeted immunotherapies pose a major barrier to durable remissions in multiple myeloma. Through integrated genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic interrogation of clonal plasma cells, we observed antigenic drift in 68.4% of relapsed cases following anti-GPRC5D T cell-engager (TCE) therapy (n = 21). These escape events were driven by three distinct mutational mechanisms involving (1) focal to large biallelic deletions at the GPRC5D gene locus; (2) monoallelic deletion coupled with GPRC5D single-nucleotide variants or insertions/deletions (indels) on the remaining allele; as well as (3) epigenetic GPRC5D promoter/enhancer silencing. Beyond biallelic deletions resulting in complete antigenic loss, we demonstrate that GPRC5D single-nucleotide variants and indels mutate anti-GPRC5D TCE-binding epitopes or more commonly affect G-protein-coupled receptor family conserved motifs critical for protein membrane trafficking resulting in endoplasmic reticulum GPRC5D trapping. Multiple subclones bearing distinct genomic alterations at GPRC5D locus co-emerged within individual cases, depicting their convergent evolutionary trajectories. Of note, anti-GPRC5D TCEs with varying epitope specificity, affinity and valency differentially targeted mutant subclones, underscoring their nonredundant functional roles in overcoming resistance.
{"title":"Multimodal antigenic escape to GPRC5D-targeted T cell engagers in multiple myeloma","authors":"Holly Lee, Sungwoo Ahn, Gerone A. Gonzales, Noemie Leblay, Elie Barakat, Dylan Greening, Pina Colarusso, Johnathan Canton, Sacha Benaoudia, Elham Hasheminasabgorji, Mansour Poorebrahim, David Jung, Marietta Truger, Jihong Jeong, Christine Riedhammer, Hermann Einsele, K. Martin Kortüm, Jan Eckmann, Jitka Somandin, Sara-Sheena Engel, Lawrence H. Boise, Jan Hendrik Frenking, Niels Weinhold, Konstantina Taouxi, Efstathios Kastritis, Sheri Skerget, Deeksha Vishwamitra, Yunje Cho, Francesco Maura, Marc S. Raab, Jill Corre, Leo Rasche, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Paola Neri, Nizar J. Bahlis","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04175-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04175-8","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor-intrinsic adaptations with emerging resistant clones following T cell-targeted immunotherapies pose a major barrier to durable remissions in multiple myeloma. Through integrated genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic interrogation of clonal plasma cells, we observed antigenic drift in 68.4% of relapsed cases following anti-GPRC5D T cell-engager (TCE) therapy (n = 21). These escape events were driven by three distinct mutational mechanisms involving (1) focal to large biallelic deletions at the GPRC5D gene locus; (2) monoallelic deletion coupled with GPRC5D single-nucleotide variants or insertions/deletions (indels) on the remaining allele; as well as (3) epigenetic GPRC5D promoter/enhancer silencing. Beyond biallelic deletions resulting in complete antigenic loss, we demonstrate that GPRC5D single-nucleotide variants and indels mutate anti-GPRC5D TCE-binding epitopes or more commonly affect G-protein-coupled receptor family conserved motifs critical for protein membrane trafficking resulting in endoplasmic reticulum GPRC5D trapping. Multiple subclones bearing distinct genomic alterations at GPRC5D locus co-emerged within individual cases, depicting their convergent evolutionary trajectories. Of note, anti-GPRC5D TCEs with varying epitope specificity, affinity and valency differentially targeted mutant subclones, underscoring their nonredundant functional roles in overcoming resistance.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04132-5
Carlos Collet, Thabo Mahendiran, William F. Fearon, Takuya Mizukami, Daniel Munhoz, Nico H. J. Pijls, Pim A. L. Tonino, Emanuele Barbato, Zsolt Piroth, Miodrag Sreckovic, Holger Thiele, Mohamed El Farissi, Nils Witt, Gilles Rioufol, Petr Kala, Thomas Engstrøm, Kreton Mavromatis, Ole Fröbert, Peter Verlee, Stefan Brunner, Martin Mates, Nikola Jagic, Gianluca Campo, Sofie Pardaens, Kazumasa Ikeda, Tiago Veiga Pereira, Bruno R. da Costa, Stephane Fournier, Bernard De Bruyne, Peter Jüni
In patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), the long-term benefits of revascularization over medical therapy remain unclear. In the Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation 2 trial, patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses (fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤ 0.80) were randomized to receive FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus medical therapy (n = 447) or medical therapy alone (n = 441). At 5 years, FFR-guided PCI reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of time to death, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization, largely because of fewer urgent revascularizations. We now report the long-term clinical outcomes from this trial. Sixteen hospitals, contributing 748 randomized patients (161 women, 21.5%), participated in the long-term follow-up. The primary composite outcome was analyzed hierarchically using the unstratified win ratio, which addressed differential missingness of data on nonfatal outcomes in deceased patients by prioritizing comparisons on time to death. At a median follow-up of 11.2 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 150 of 447 patients (33.6%) in the PCI group versus 182 of 441 (41.3%) in the medical therapy group. PCI was superior in 29.2% of comparisons, medical therapy in 23.3%, and the two groups were tied in 47.5%, resulting in a win ratio of 1.25 in favor of PCI (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.56, P = 0.043). The corresponding win difference was 5.9% (95% CI 0.2–11.6), and the number needed to treat was 17 (95% CI 9–500). Win ratios were 0.88 for all-cause death (95% CI 0.66–1.17), 1.50 for myocardial infarction (95% CI 0.98–2.31) and 4.57 for urgent revascularization (95% CI 2.53–8.24). During long-term follow-up, FFR-guided PCI in patients with stable CAD and hemodynamically significant stenoses reduced the composite of death, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization, primarily because of fewer urgent revascularizations. These long-term findings reaffirm the efficacy of FFR-guided PCI over medical therapy in patients with stable CAD. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT06159231 . In a long-term follow-up of the FAME 2 trial, fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention plus medical therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease reduced cardiovascular events compared to medical therapy alone, primarily due to a decrease in urgent revascularization events.
对于稳定性冠状动脉疾病（CAD）患者，血运重建术相对于药物治疗的长期益处尚不清楚。在分数血流储备与多血管造影评估2试验中，血流动力学显著狭窄（分数血流储备(FFR)≤0.80）的患者被随机分为两组，分别接受FFR引导下的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）加药物治疗（n = 447）或单独药物治疗（n = 441）。在5年时，ffr引导下的PCI降低了主要复合结局的风险，包括死亡时间、心肌梗死或紧急血运重建术，主要是因为紧急血运重建术较少。我们现在报告这项试验的长期临床结果。16家医院参与了长期随访，共有748名随机患者（161名女性，21.5%）。主要综合结局采用非分层胜比进行分层分析，通过优先比较死亡时间来解决死亡患者非致命结局数据的差异缺失。在11.2年的中位随访中，PCI组447例患者中有150例（33.6%）出现主要终点，而药物治疗组441例患者中有182例（41.3%）出现主要终点。PCI的优势占29.2%，药物治疗的优势占23.3%，两组的优势为47.5%，PCI的优势比为1.25（95%可信区间（CI） 1.01-1.56, P = 0.043）。相应的win差异为5.9% (95% CI 0.2-11.6)，需要治疗的人数为17人（95% CI 9-500）。全因死亡的Win比为0.88 (95% CI 0.66-1.17)，心肌梗死的Win比为1.50 (95% CI 0.98-2.31)，紧急血运重建术的Win比为4.57 （95% CI 2.53-8.24）。在长期随访中，在稳定的CAD和血流动力学显著狭窄的患者中，ffr引导下的PCI降低了死亡、心肌梗死或紧急血运重建的综合发生率，主要是因为紧急血运重建的减少。这些长期研究结果再次肯定了ffr引导下的PCI在稳定型CAD患者中优于药物治疗的疗效。ClinicalTrials.gov注册：NCT06159231。
{"title":"Fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical therapy for stable coronary artery disease: long-term results of the FAME 2 trial","authors":"Carlos Collet, Thabo Mahendiran, William F. Fearon, Takuya Mizukami, Daniel Munhoz, Nico H. J. Pijls, Pim A. L. Tonino, Emanuele Barbato, Zsolt Piroth, Miodrag Sreckovic, Holger Thiele, Mohamed El Farissi, Nils Witt, Gilles Rioufol, Petr Kala, Thomas Engstrøm, Kreton Mavromatis, Ole Fröbert, Peter Verlee, Stefan Brunner, Martin Mates, Nikola Jagic, Gianluca Campo, Sofie Pardaens, Kazumasa Ikeda, Tiago Veiga Pereira, Bruno R. da Costa, Stephane Fournier, Bernard De Bruyne, Peter Jüni","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04132-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-025-04132-5","url":null,"abstract":"In patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), the long-term benefits of revascularization over medical therapy remain unclear. In the Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation 2 trial, patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses (fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤ 0.80) were randomized to receive FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus medical therapy (n = 447) or medical therapy alone (n = 441). At 5 years, FFR-guided PCI reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of time to death, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization, largely because of fewer urgent revascularizations. We now report the long-term clinical outcomes from this trial. Sixteen hospitals, contributing 748 randomized patients (161 women, 21.5%), participated in the long-term follow-up. The primary composite outcome was analyzed hierarchically using the unstratified win ratio, which addressed differential missingness of data on nonfatal outcomes in deceased patients by prioritizing comparisons on time to death. At a median follow-up of 11.2 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 150 of 447 patients (33.6%) in the PCI group versus 182 of 441 (41.3%) in the medical therapy group. PCI was superior in 29.2% of comparisons, medical therapy in 23.3%, and the two groups were tied in 47.5%, resulting in a win ratio of 1.25 in favor of PCI (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.56, P = 0.043). The corresponding win difference was 5.9% (95% CI 0.2–11.6), and the number needed to treat was 17 (95% CI 9–500). Win ratios were 0.88 for all-cause death (95% CI 0.66–1.17), 1.50 for myocardial infarction (95% CI 0.98–2.31) and 4.57 for urgent revascularization (95% CI 2.53–8.24). During long-term follow-up, FFR-guided PCI in patients with stable CAD and hemodynamically significant stenoses reduced the composite of death, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization, primarily because of fewer urgent revascularizations. These long-term findings reaffirm the efficacy of FFR-guided PCI over medical therapy in patients with stable CAD. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT06159231 . In a long-term follow-up of the FAME 2 trial, fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention plus medical therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease reduced cardiovascular events compared to medical therapy alone, primarily due to a decrease in urgent revascularization events.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04138-z
Joseph Donovan, Nguyen Duc Bang, Huu Khanh Trinh Dong, Dang Trung Nghia Ho, Thi Anh Thu Nguyen, Thi Thu Hiep Nguyen, Hong Bao Ngoc Lam, Vo Khac Nguyen Phung, Truc Thanh Nguyen, Ho Hong Hanh Nguyen, Kieu Nguyet Oanh Pham, Dang Anh Thu Do, Thi Mai Trang Nguyen, Thi Minh Ha Dang, Huu Lan Nguyen, Van Vinh Chau Nguyen, Thanh Hai Hoang, Dinh Dinh Tran, Khanh Lam Phung, Lalita Ramakrishnan, Thanh Hoang Nhat Le, Thuy Thuong Thuong Nguyen, Marcel Wolbers, Evelyne Kestelyn, Ronald B. Geskus, Hoan Phu Nguyen, Guy E. Thwaites
Adjunctive corticosteroids such as dexamethasone are recommended in tuberculous meningitis treatment, despite modest and heterogeneous survival benefit. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) genotypes associate with distinct intracerebral inflammatory phenotypes and may determine corticosteroid response in tuberculous meningitis, with benefit observed in hyperinflammatory TT genotype but uncertain benefit in lower inflammation CC and CT genotypes. Here, in a phase 3, placebo-controlled trial of human immunodeficiency virus-negative Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis, we randomized 613 LTA4H CC- and CT-genotype participants to 6–8 weeks of dexamethasone or placebo, aiming to show noninferiority of placebo (hazard ratio margin of 0.75) or its superiority. Given the significant survival benefit of dexamethasone previously seen in LTA4H TT-genotype individuals, TT-genotype participants all received open-label dexamethasone and were not randomized. A total of 89 TT-genotype participants received open-label dexamethasone. In CC- and CT-genotype participants, the primary endpoint of all-cause death or new neurological event over 12 months from randomization occurred in 108/305 (35.4%) given dexamethasone and 110/308 (35.7%) given placebo (hazard ratio of 0.99, 96% confidence interval (adjusted for multiple testing) 0.748–1.31). The number of observed primary endpoints (n = 218) exceeded the prespecified number (n = 184) used to calculate the trial’s sample size and power. Placebo noninferiority was not established in the CC and CT population or in individual genotype subpopulations. Benefit or heterogeneity of effect was not observed by any prespecified subgroup. In TT-genotype participants, the primary endpoint occurred in 28/89 (31.5%) participants, similar to CC and CT participants. Outcomes were not significantly better in TT-genotype participants versus CC- or CT-genotype participants. In CC- and CT-genotype participants, serious adverse events occurred in 161/305 (52.8%) dexamethasone-treated participants and 160/308 (51.9%) placebo-treated participants. In conclusion, neither noninferiority nor superiority of placebo was established in human immunodeficiency virus-negative LTA4H CC- and CT-genotype adults with tuberculous meningitis, and dexamethasone was safe. The modest and heterogeneous benefit of dexamethasone indicates that greater understanding of tuberculous meningitis pathophysiology is needed, alongside better targeted, more effective anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03100786).
{"title":"Genotype-stratified adjunctive dexamethasone for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-negative adults: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial","authors":"Joseph Donovan, Nguyen Duc Bang, Huu Khanh Trinh Dong, Dang Trung Nghia Ho, Thi Anh Thu Nguyen, Thi Thu Hiep Nguyen, Hong Bao Ngoc Lam, Vo Khac Nguyen Phung, Truc Thanh Nguyen, Ho Hong Hanh Nguyen, Kieu Nguyet Oanh Pham, Dang Anh Thu Do, Thi Mai Trang Nguyen, Thi Minh Ha Dang, Huu Lan Nguyen, Van Vinh Chau Nguyen, Thanh Hai Hoang, Dinh Dinh Tran, Khanh Lam Phung, Lalita Ramakrishnan, Thanh Hoang Nhat Le, Thuy Thuong Thuong Nguyen, Marcel Wolbers, Evelyne Kestelyn, Ronald B. Geskus, Hoan Phu Nguyen, Guy E. Thwaites","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-04138-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04138-z","url":null,"abstract":"Adjunctive corticosteroids such as dexamethasone are recommended in tuberculous meningitis treatment, despite modest and heterogeneous survival benefit. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) genotypes associate with distinct intracerebral inflammatory phenotypes and may determine corticosteroid response in tuberculous meningitis, with benefit observed in hyperinflammatory TT genotype but uncertain benefit in lower inflammation CC and CT genotypes. Here, in a phase 3, placebo-controlled trial of human immunodeficiency virus-negative Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis, we randomized 613 LTA4H CC- and CT-genotype participants to 6–8 weeks of dexamethasone or placebo, aiming to show noninferiority of placebo (hazard ratio margin of 0.75) or its superiority. Given the significant survival benefit of dexamethasone previously seen in LTA4H TT-genotype individuals, TT-genotype participants all received open-label dexamethasone and were not randomized. A total of 89 TT-genotype participants received open-label dexamethasone. In CC- and CT-genotype participants, the primary endpoint of all-cause death or new neurological event over 12 months from randomization occurred in 108/305 (35.4%) given dexamethasone and 110/308 (35.7%) given placebo (hazard ratio of 0.99, 96% confidence interval (adjusted for multiple testing) 0.748–1.31). The number of observed primary endpoints (n = 218) exceeded the prespecified number (n = 184) used to calculate the trial’s sample size and power. Placebo noninferiority was not established in the CC and CT population or in individual genotype subpopulations. Benefit or heterogeneity of effect was not observed by any prespecified subgroup. In TT-genotype participants, the primary endpoint occurred in 28/89 (31.5%) participants, similar to CC and CT participants. Outcomes were not significantly better in TT-genotype participants versus CC- or CT-genotype participants. In CC- and CT-genotype participants, serious adverse events occurred in 161/305 (52.8%) dexamethasone-treated participants and 160/308 (51.9%) placebo-treated participants. In conclusion, neither noninferiority nor superiority of placebo was established in human immunodeficiency virus-negative LTA4H CC- and CT-genotype adults with tuberculous meningitis, and dexamethasone was safe. The modest and heterogeneous benefit of dexamethasone indicates that greater understanding of tuberculous meningitis pathophysiology is needed, alongside better targeted, more effective anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03100786).","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：