Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01010-5
Lisa Kiani
{"title":"Shared glial pathology in HD and schizophrenia","authors":"Lisa Kiani","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01010-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-01010-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 9","pages":"505-505"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-01003-4
Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Kevin G. Volpp
The importance of diet for brain health is increasingly recognized by neurologists, but many neurological disorders impair the ability of individuals to eat healthily. A new initiative known as ‘Food Is Medicine’ has the potential to facilitate healthier eating among people with neurological disorders to improve and maintain brain health.
{"title":"Food is brain medicine — relevance and translation to neurology","authors":"Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Kevin G. Volpp","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-01003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-01003-4","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of diet for brain health is increasingly recognized by neurologists, but many neurological disorders impair the ability of individuals to eat healthily. A new initiative known as ‘Food Is Medicine’ has the potential to facilitate healthier eating among people with neurological disorders to improve and maintain brain health.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 11","pages":"639-640"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00998-0
Agustin Ibanez, Andrea Slachevsky
Current dementia research has developed complex models of environmental–genetic interactions to better address multimodal disease phenotypes. New evidence highlights a stronger effect of social determinants of health than ancestry effects specific to Latin America and the Caribbean, which opens new agendas to address the diversity of these interactions in ageing and dementia. A new study on dementia prevalence in Latin America has found a stronger effect of social determinants of health than ancestry effects specific to this region, highlighting the need for interventions involving lifestyle changes, healthcare access and education.
{"title":"Environmental–genetic interactions in ageing and dementia across Latin America","authors":"Agustin Ibanez, Andrea Slachevsky","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00998-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00998-0","url":null,"abstract":"Current dementia research has developed complex models of environmental–genetic interactions to better address multimodal disease phenotypes. New evidence highlights a stronger effect of social determinants of health than ancestry effects specific to Latin America and the Caribbean, which opens new agendas to address the diversity of these interactions in ageing and dementia. A new study on dementia prevalence in Latin America has found a stronger effect of social determinants of health than ancestry effects specific to this region, highlighting the need for interventions involving lifestyle changes, healthcare access and education.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 10","pages":"571-572"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00993-5
Heather Wood
{"title":"Additive effects of EBV and HHV-6A on MS risk","authors":"Heather Wood","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00993-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00993-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 8","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00997-1
Lisa Kiani
Concentrations of TDP-43 and tau in extracellular vesicles extracted from blood show potential as biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive supranuclear palsy.
{"title":"Plasma extracellular vesicle biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia and related disorders","authors":"Lisa Kiani","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00997-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00997-1","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrations of TDP-43 and tau in extracellular vesicles extracted from blood show potential as biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive supranuclear palsy.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 8","pages":"455-455"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00994-4
Heather Wood
{"title":"Diabetes could hasten MCI-to-AD conversion","authors":"Heather Wood","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00994-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00994-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 8","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7
Sarah M. Jacob, Sukyoung Lee, Seung Hyun Kim, Keith A. Sharkey, Gerald Pfeffer, Minh Dang Nguyen
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of human motor neuron disease. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to generalized motor weakness and, ultimately, respiratory paralysis and death within 3–5 years. The disease is shaped by genetics, age, sex and environmental stressors, but no cure or routine biomarkers exist for the disease. Male individuals have a higher propensity to develop ALS, and a different manifestation of the disease phenotype, than female individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain a mystery. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of ALS, examine the sexually dimorphic presentation of the disease and highlight the genetic variants and molecular pathways that might contribute to sex differences in humans and animal models of ALS. We advance the idea that sexual dimorphism in ALS arises from the interactions between the CNS and peripheral organs, involving vascular, metabolic, endocrine, musculoskeletal and immune systems, which are strikingly different between male and female individuals. Finally, we review the response to treatments in ALS and discuss the potential to implement future personalized therapeutic strategies for the disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) differs considerably in prevalence and manifestation between sexes. This Review summarizes sexual dimorphism in the epidemiology, clinical presentation and disease mechanisms of ALS and explores the role of brain–body interactions in driving sex-dependent pathogenesis.
肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）是人类运动神经元疾病中最常见的一种。其特征是上下运动神经元逐渐退化，导致全身运动无力，最终导致呼吸麻痹，并在 3-5 年内死亡。这种疾病受遗传、年龄、性别和环境压力等因素的影响，但目前还没有治愈这种疾病的方法或常规生物标志物。与女性相比，男性更容易患上渐冻人症，其疾病表型的表现也与女性不同。然而，这些性别差异的内在机制仍是一个谜。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 ALS 的流行病学，研究了该疾病的性别二形表现，并强调了可能导致人类和 ALS 动物模型性别差异的基因变异和分子途径。我们提出的观点是，肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症的性别双态性源于中枢神经系统和外周器官之间的相互作用，涉及血管、代谢、内分泌、肌肉骨骼和免疫系统，这些系统在男性和女性个体之间存在显著差异。最后，我们回顾了 ALS 的治疗反应，并讨论了未来对该疾病实施个性化治疗策略的可能性。
{"title":"Brain–body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Sarah M. Jacob, Sukyoung Lee, Seung Hyun Kim, Keith A. Sharkey, Gerald Pfeffer, Minh Dang Nguyen","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of human motor neuron disease. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to generalized motor weakness and, ultimately, respiratory paralysis and death within 3–5 years. The disease is shaped by genetics, age, sex and environmental stressors, but no cure or routine biomarkers exist for the disease. Male individuals have a higher propensity to develop ALS, and a different manifestation of the disease phenotype, than female individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain a mystery. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of ALS, examine the sexually dimorphic presentation of the disease and highlight the genetic variants and molecular pathways that might contribute to sex differences in humans and animal models of ALS. We advance the idea that sexual dimorphism in ALS arises from the interactions between the CNS and peripheral organs, involving vascular, metabolic, endocrine, musculoskeletal and immune systems, which are strikingly different between male and female individuals. Finally, we review the response to treatments in ALS and discuss the potential to implement future personalized therapeutic strategies for the disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) differs considerably in prevalence and manifestation between sexes. This Review summarizes sexual dimorphism in the epidemiology, clinical presentation and disease mechanisms of ALS and explores the role of brain–body interactions in driving sex-dependent pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 8","pages":"475-494"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00992-6
Jiwon Oh, Amit Bar-Or
Immunological profiling has revealed biological signatures of multiple sclerosis (MS) that could help with early, accurate diagnosis of the disease and with identifying disease subtypes that could inform treatment decisions. The findings are important steps along the path towards precision medicine for people with MS.
{"title":"Precision neuroimmunology in multiple sclerosis — the horizon is near","authors":"Jiwon Oh, Amit Bar-Or","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00992-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00992-6","url":null,"abstract":"Immunological profiling has revealed biological signatures of multiple sclerosis (MS) that could help with early, accurate diagnosis of the disease and with identifying disease subtypes that could inform treatment decisions. The findings are important steps along the path towards precision medicine for people with MS.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 9","pages":"507-508"},"PeriodicalIF":28.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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