Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00944-0
Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Joya Ahmad, Roshni Abee Patel, Nicole Rosendale
Sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people face unique health disparities that must be considered by health-care providers to ensure equitable and inclusive care. Although traditionally LGBT+ health has not been integrated into neurology training, sexual orientation and gender identity have direct relevance to neurological health, driven by both systemic and interpersonal factors. In this Review, we summarize the evidence for associations between sexual orientation and gender identity with the prevalence and outcomes of various neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, stroke and neurodevelopmental disorders, among others. We describe important clinical considerations pertaining to LGBT+ people and recommend language and practices to promote inclusive care, as well as highlight gaps in need of further research and possible strategies to minimize these, including systematic collection of sexual orientation and gender identity and use of inclusive language. In this Review, the authors discuss the unique neurological health disparities faced by sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people. The Review presents clinical considerations alongside language and practice recommendations to promote inclusive care, and highlights the gaps in need of further research.
{"title":"Neurological care for LGBT+ people","authors":"Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Joya Ahmad, Roshni Abee Patel, Nicole Rosendale","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00944-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00944-0","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people face unique health disparities that must be considered by health-care providers to ensure equitable and inclusive care. Although traditionally LGBT+ health has not been integrated into neurology training, sexual orientation and gender identity have direct relevance to neurological health, driven by both systemic and interpersonal factors. In this Review, we summarize the evidence for associations between sexual orientation and gender identity with the prevalence and outcomes of various neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, stroke and neurodevelopmental disorders, among others. We describe important clinical considerations pertaining to LGBT+ people and recommend language and practices to promote inclusive care, as well as highlight gaps in need of further research and possible strategies to minimize these, including systematic collection of sexual orientation and gender identity and use of inclusive language. In this Review, the authors discuss the unique neurological health disparities faced by sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people. The Review presents clinical considerations alongside language and practice recommendations to promote inclusive care, and highlights the gaps in need of further research.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 5","pages":"288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00950-2
Nobutaka Hattori
Since its instigation in cancer research in the 1930s, the disease-staging concept has become a crucial tool in clinical research and medical practice. Two new papers have proposed biological staging and classification systems based on α-synuclein pathology for Parkinson disease and related conditions.
{"title":"Towards the era of biological biomarkers for Parkinson disease","authors":"Nobutaka Hattori","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00950-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00950-2","url":null,"abstract":"Since its instigation in cancer research in the 1930s, the disease-staging concept has become a crucial tool in clinical research and medical practice. Two new papers have proposed biological staging and classification systems based on α-synuclein pathology for Parkinson disease and related conditions.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 6","pages":"317-318"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00947-x
Ian Fyfe
Changes in plasma levels of specific proteins could predict the development of dementia more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.
血浆中特定蛋白质水平的变化可在临床诊断前 10 多年预测痴呆症的发生。
{"title":"Marker provides 10-year warning of dementia","authors":"Ian Fyfe","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00947-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00947-x","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in plasma levels of specific proteins could predict the development of dementia more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00949-9
Ian Fyfe
New evidence that α-synuclein can contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has come from analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.
脑脊液分析提供了α-突触核蛋白可能导致肌萎缩侧索硬化症发病机制的新证据。
{"title":"α-Synuclein seeds in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Ian Fyfe","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00949-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00949-9","url":null,"abstract":"New evidence that α-synuclein can contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has come from analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00946-y
Ian Fyfe
Status epilepticus is associated with changes in metabolic pathways, a new study has shown.
一项新研究表明，癫痫状态与新陈代谢途径的变化有关。
{"title":"Metabolic changes in status epilepticus","authors":"Ian Fyfe","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00946-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00946-y","url":null,"abstract":"Status epilepticus is associated with changes in metabolic pathways, a new study has shown.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00948-w
Ian Fyfe
Mitochondrial DNA has been identified as a potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis disease activity and treatment response.
线粒体 DNA 已被确定为多发性硬化症疾病活动和治疗反应的潜在生物标志物。
{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA marks multiple sclerosis","authors":"Ian Fyfe","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00948-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00948-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial DNA has been identified as a potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis disease activity and treatment response.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00945-z
Heather Wood
A new study has found evidence of α-synuclein aggregates — a key pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease — in the gut and brain in people and animals with inflammatory bowel disease.
{"title":"Parkinson disease pathology in inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Heather Wood","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00945-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00945-z","url":null,"abstract":"A new study has found evidence of α-synuclein aggregates — a key pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease — in the gut and brain in people and animals with inflammatory bowel disease.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"203-203"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00942-2
Joseph Therriault, Suzanne E. Schindler, Gemma Salvadó, Tharick A. Pascoal, Andréa Lessa Benedet, Nicholas J. Ashton, Thomas K. Karikari, Liana Apostolova, Melissa E. Murray, Inge Verberk, Jacob W. Vogel, Renaud La Joie, Serge Gauthier, Charlotte Teunissen, Gil D. Rabinovici, Henrik Zetterberg, Randall J. Bateman, Philip Scheltens, Kaj Blennow, Reisa Sperling, Oskar Hansson, Clifford R. Jack Jr, Pedro Rosa-Neto
Disease staging, whereby the spatial extent and load of brain pathology are used to estimate the severity of Alzheimer disease (AD), is pivotal to the gold-standard neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Current in vivo diagnostic frameworks for AD are based on abnormal concentrations of amyloid-β and tau in the cerebrospinal fluid or on PET scans, and breakthroughs in molecular imaging have opened up the possibility of in vivo staging of AD. Focusing on the key principles of disease staging shared across several areas of medicine, this Review highlights the potential for in vivo staging of AD to transform our understanding of preclinical AD, refine enrolment criteria for trials of disease-modifying therapies and aid clinical decision-making in the era of anti-amyloid therapeutics. We provide a state-of-the-art review of recent biomarker-based AD staging systems and highlight their contributions to the understanding of the natural history of AD. Furthermore, we outline hypothetical frameworks to stage AD severity using more accessible fluid biomarkers. In addition, by applying amyloid PET-based staging to recently published anti-amyloid therapeutic trials, we highlight how biomarker-based disease staging frameworks could illustrate the numerous pathological changes that have already taken place in individuals with mildly symptomatic AD. Finally, we discuss challenges related to the validation and standardization of disease staging and provide a forward-looking perspective on potential clinical applications. Recent clinical trials have highlighted the need for Alzheimer disease (AD) staging rather than simply noting the presence or absence of AD pathology. This article reviews current biomarker-based AD staging systems and outlines hypothetical frameworks to stage AD severity using fluid biomarkers.
疾病分期，即通过大脑病理的空间范围和负荷来估计阿尔茨海默病（AD）的严重程度，是阿尔茨海默病金标准神经病理学诊断的关键。目前的AD体内诊断框架是基于脑脊液中淀粉样蛋白-β和tau的异常浓度或正电子发射计算机断层扫描，而分子成像技术的突破为AD的体内分期提供了可能。本综述侧重于多个医学领域共有的疾病分期关键原则，强调了AD体内分期的潜力，以改变我们对临床前AD的认识，完善疾病改变疗法试验的入选标准，并在抗淀粉样蛋白疗法时代帮助临床决策。我们对最近基于生物标志物的AD分期系统进行了最前沿的回顾，并强调了它们对理解AD自然史的贡献。此外，我们还概述了使用更易获得的体液生物标志物来分期 AD 严重程度的假设框架。此外，通过将基于淀粉样蛋白 PET 的分期应用于最近发表的抗淀粉样蛋白治疗试验，我们强调了基于生物标志物的疾病分期框架如何能够说明轻度症状 AD 患者身上已经发生的众多病理变化。最后，我们讨论了与疾病分期的验证和标准化相关的挑战，并对潜在的临床应用提供了前瞻性的观点。
{"title":"Biomarker-based staging of Alzheimer disease: rationale and clinical applications","authors":"Joseph Therriault, Suzanne E. Schindler, Gemma Salvadó, Tharick A. Pascoal, Andréa Lessa Benedet, Nicholas J. Ashton, Thomas K. Karikari, Liana Apostolova, Melissa E. Murray, Inge Verberk, Jacob W. Vogel, Renaud La Joie, Serge Gauthier, Charlotte Teunissen, Gil D. Rabinovici, Henrik Zetterberg, Randall J. Bateman, Philip Scheltens, Kaj Blennow, Reisa Sperling, Oskar Hansson, Clifford R. Jack Jr, Pedro Rosa-Neto","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00942-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00942-2","url":null,"abstract":"Disease staging, whereby the spatial extent and load of brain pathology are used to estimate the severity of Alzheimer disease (AD), is pivotal to the gold-standard neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Current in vivo diagnostic frameworks for AD are based on abnormal concentrations of amyloid-β and tau in the cerebrospinal fluid or on PET scans, and breakthroughs in molecular imaging have opened up the possibility of in vivo staging of AD. Focusing on the key principles of disease staging shared across several areas of medicine, this Review highlights the potential for in vivo staging of AD to transform our understanding of preclinical AD, refine enrolment criteria for trials of disease-modifying therapies and aid clinical decision-making in the era of anti-amyloid therapeutics. We provide a state-of-the-art review of recent biomarker-based AD staging systems and highlight their contributions to the understanding of the natural history of AD. Furthermore, we outline hypothetical frameworks to stage AD severity using more accessible fluid biomarkers. In addition, by applying amyloid PET-based staging to recently published anti-amyloid therapeutic trials, we highlight how biomarker-based disease staging frameworks could illustrate the numerous pathological changes that have already taken place in individuals with mildly symptomatic AD. Finally, we discuss challenges related to the validation and standardization of disease staging and provide a forward-looking perspective on potential clinical applications. Recent clinical trials have highlighted the need for Alzheimer disease (AD) staging rather than simply noting the presence or absence of AD pathology. This article reviews current biomarker-based AD staging systems and outlines hypothetical frameworks to stage AD severity using fluid biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"232-244"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00940-4
Amos D. Korczyn, Lea T. Grinberg
Dementia, a prevalent condition among older individuals, has profound societal implications. Extensive research has resulted in no cure for what is perceived as the most common dementing illness: Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is defined by specific brain abnormalities — amyloid-β plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles — that are proposed to actively influence the neurodegenerative process. However, conclusive evidence of amyloid-β toxicity is lacking, the mechanisms leading to the accumulation of plaques and tangles are unknown, and removing amyloid-β has not halted neurodegeneration. So, the question remains, are we making progress towards a solution? The complexity of AD is underscored by numerous genetic and environmental risk factors, and diverse clinical presentations, suggesting that AD is more akin to a syndrome than to a traditional disease, with its pathological manifestation representing a convergence of pathogenic pathways. Therefore, a solution requires a multifaceted approach over a single ‘silver bullet’. Improved recognition and classification of conditions that converge in plaques and tangle accumulation and their treatment requires the use of multiple strategies simultaneously. Alzheimer disease is a complex and multifactorial condition. The authors of this Perspective suggest that its lack of a singular common pathogenesis prevents it from being regarded as a straightforward ‘disease’ and that treatment will therefore require a multifaceted approach.
痴呆症是老年人中的一种常见病，具有深远的社会影响。经过广泛的研究，人们认为最常见的痴呆症仍无法治愈：阿尔茨海默病（AD）。阿尔茨海默病是由特定的大脑异常--淀粉样β斑块和 tau 蛋白神经纤维缠结--所定义的，这些异常被认为会对神经退行性过程产生积极影响。然而，目前还缺乏淀粉样β毒性的确凿证据，导致斑块和缠结积累的机制也不清楚，而且去除淀粉样β并不能阻止神经退行性变。因此，问题仍然是，我们是否在寻找解决方案方面取得了进展？众多遗传和环境风险因素以及多种多样的临床表现凸显了注意力缺失症的复杂性，这表明注意力缺失症与其说是一种传统疾病，不如说是一种综合征，其病理表现代表了多种致病途径的交汇。因此，解决方案需要多方面的方法，而不是单一的 "银弹"。要更好地识别和分类斑块和纠结聚集的病症并对其进行治疗，需要同时采用多种策略。
{"title":"Is Alzheimer disease a disease?","authors":"Amos D. Korczyn, Lea T. Grinberg","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00940-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00940-4","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia, a prevalent condition among older individuals, has profound societal implications. Extensive research has resulted in no cure for what is perceived as the most common dementing illness: Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is defined by specific brain abnormalities — amyloid-β plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles — that are proposed to actively influence the neurodegenerative process. However, conclusive evidence of amyloid-β toxicity is lacking, the mechanisms leading to the accumulation of plaques and tangles are unknown, and removing amyloid-β has not halted neurodegeneration. So, the question remains, are we making progress towards a solution? The complexity of AD is underscored by numerous genetic and environmental risk factors, and diverse clinical presentations, suggesting that AD is more akin to a syndrome than to a traditional disease, with its pathological manifestation representing a convergence of pathogenic pathways. Therefore, a solution requires a multifaceted approach over a single ‘silver bullet’. Improved recognition and classification of conditions that converge in plaques and tangle accumulation and their treatment requires the use of multiple strategies simultaneously. Alzheimer disease is a complex and multifactorial condition. The authors of this Perspective suggest that its lack of a singular common pathogenesis prevents it from being regarded as a straightforward ‘disease’ and that treatment will therefore require a multifaceted approach.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"245-251"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139994254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00941-3
Roy H. Hamilton
As diversity among patient populations continues to grow, racial and ethnic diversity in the neurology workforce is increasingly essential to the delivery of culturally competent care and for enabling inclusive, generalizable clinical research. Unfortunately, diversity in the workforce is an area in which the field of neurology has historically lagged and faces formidable challenges, including an inadequate number of trainees entering the field, bias experienced by trainees and faculty from minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds, and ‘diversity tax’, the disproportionate burden of service work placed on minoritized people in many professions. Although neurology departments, professional organizations and relevant industry partners have come to realize the importance of diversity to the field and have taken steps to promote careers in neurology for people from minoritized backgrounds, additional steps are needed. Such steps include the continued creation of diversity leadership roles in neurology departments and organizations, the creation of robust pipeline programmes, aggressive recruitment and retention efforts, the elevation of health equity research and engagement with minoritized communities. Overall, what is needed is a shift in culture in which diversity is adopted as a core value in the field. In this Review, Hamilton dissects the importance of racial and ethnic diversity among the neurology workforce for providing inclusive and equitable care to diverse populations. The Review summarizes current barriers to achieving diversity in the field and presents strategic approaches to overcoming these.
{"title":"Building an ethnically and racially diverse neurology workforce","authors":"Roy H. Hamilton","doi":"10.1038/s41582-024-00941-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41582-024-00941-3","url":null,"abstract":"As diversity among patient populations continues to grow, racial and ethnic diversity in the neurology workforce is increasingly essential to the delivery of culturally competent care and for enabling inclusive, generalizable clinical research. Unfortunately, diversity in the workforce is an area in which the field of neurology has historically lagged and faces formidable challenges, including an inadequate number of trainees entering the field, bias experienced by trainees and faculty from minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds, and ‘diversity tax’, the disproportionate burden of service work placed on minoritized people in many professions. Although neurology departments, professional organizations and relevant industry partners have come to realize the importance of diversity to the field and have taken steps to promote careers in neurology for people from minoritized backgrounds, additional steps are needed. Such steps include the continued creation of diversity leadership roles in neurology departments and organizations, the creation of robust pipeline programmes, aggressive recruitment and retention efforts, the elevation of health equity research and engagement with minoritized communities. Overall, what is needed is a shift in culture in which diversity is adopted as a core value in the field. In this Review, Hamilton dissects the importance of racial and ethnic diversity among the neurology workforce for providing inclusive and equitable care to diverse populations. The Review summarizes current barriers to achieving diversity in the field and presents strategic approaches to overcoming these.","PeriodicalId":19085,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neurology","volume":"20 4","pages":"222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-024-00941-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139932210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：