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Herbal Amara extract induces gastric fundus relaxation via inhibition of the M2 muscarinic receptor. 草本阿马拉提取物通过抑制 M2 肌激肽受体诱导胃底松弛。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14924
Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs, Johann Röhrl, Gerald Künstle

Background: Impaired gastric accommodation is one of the most frequent symptoms of functional dyspepsia. The safety and efficacy of conventional treatments remain to be proven and alternative herbal therapies have been proposed to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms. This preclinical study examined the role of herbal Amara extract (containing Artemisia absinthium, Centaurium erythraea, Cichorium intybus, Gentiana lutea, Juniperus communis, Achillea millefolium, Peucedanum ostruthium, Salvia officinalis, and Taraxacum extracts) on gastric (fundus) accommodation and the possible implication of muscarinic receptors in its regulation.

Methods: The effect of Amara extract on fundus motility was investigated in organ baths of smooth muscle strips isolated from the fundus of guinea pigs, and the role of the muscarinic receptor pathway was evaluated using functional and radioligand binding assays in cell lines expressing the M2 or M3 muscarinic receptor.

Key results: Amara extract inhibited carbachol-induced contraction of guinea pig smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner. This relaxant effect was not affected by the M3 antagonist J-104129. Amara extract also inhibited M2, but not M3, receptor activity in CHO-K1 cells (IC50 219 μg mL-1), and specifically bound the M2 receptor (IC50 294 μg mL-1). Of the nine herbal components of Amara extract, Juniperus communis, P. ostruthium, and Salvia officinalis inhibited M2 receptor activity (IC50 32.0, 20.8, and 20.1 μg mL-1, respectively), and P. ostruthium was sufficient to reverse carbachol-induced ex vivo contraction of guinea pig fundic smooth muscles.

Conclusion and inferences: Amara extract relaxes gastric smooth muscles by inhibiting the M2 muscarinic receptor. This study suggests the potential benefit of Amara extract for patients with impaired gastric accommodation.

背景:胃容纳功能受损是功能性消化不良最常见的症状之一。传统疗法的安全性和有效性仍有待证实,而替代性草药疗法已被提出来缓解胃肠道症状。这项临床前研究考察了中草药 Amara 提取物(含苦艾蒿、百日草、洋蓟、龙胆草、杜松、牛膝、丹参和蒲公英提取物)对胃(胃底)容受性的作用,以及毒蕈碱受体在其调节过程中可能发挥的作用:方法:在从豚鼠胃底分离的平滑肌条的器官浴中研究了金丝桃提取物对胃底蠕动的影响,并在表达M2或M3毒蕈碱受体的细胞系中使用功能和放射性配体结合试验评估了毒蕈碱受体途径的作用:主要结果:阿马拉提取物能以剂量依赖的方式抑制卡巴胆碱诱导的豚鼠平滑肌条收缩。这种松弛作用不受 M3 拮抗剂 J-104129 的影响。阿马拉提取物还能抑制 CHO-K1 细胞中 M2(而非 M3)受体的活性(IC50 219 μg mL-1),并与 M2 受体特异性结合(IC50 294 μg mL-1)。在阿马拉提取物的九种草药成分中,杜松、桔梗和丹参可抑制 M2 受体的活性(IC50 分别为 32.0、20.8 和 20.1 μg mL-1),桔梗足以逆转卡巴胆碱诱导的豚鼠胃底平滑肌体外收缩:结论与推论:阿马拉提取物通过抑制 M2 肌激肽受体来放松胃平滑肌。这项研究表明,阿马拉提取物对胃容纳功能受损的患者有潜在益处。
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引用次数: 0
Repetitive antegrade contractions on high-resolution manometry: A physiologic pattern related to sustained esophageal distention in Abelchia. 高分辨率测压法显示的重复前向收缩:与阿贝尔夏持续食管扩张有关的生理模式。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14934
Dustin A Carlson, Peter J Kahrilas, John E Pandolfino
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引用次数: 0
Authors' Response to: Do not forget recommendations for transition to the adult world in esophageal atresia patients! 作者的回应:不要忘记食道闭锁患者向成人世界过渡的建议!
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14922
Mohsin F Butt, Marc A Benninga, Maura Corsetti
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引用次数: 0
FAAH inhibitor URB597 shows anti-hyperalgesic action and increases brain and intestinal tissues fatty acid amides in a model of CRF1 agonist mediated visceral hypersensitivity in male rats. FAAH 抑制剂 URB597 在 CRF1 激动剂介导的雄性大鼠内脏超敏反应模型中显示出抗超敏作用,并能增加脑和肠道组织脂肪酸酰胺。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14927
Muriel Larauche, Agata Mulak, Chrysanthy Ha, Mulugeta Million, Stacy Arnett, Peter Germano, James P Pearson, Mark G Currie, Yvette Taché

Background and aims: The endocannabinoid (eCB) system includes ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, 2-AG), receptors and catabolizing enzymes (fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase) expressed in both the brain and gut. We investigated whether the FAAH inhibitor, URB597, influenced visceral pain to colorectal distension (CRD) in an acute stress-related model of visceral hypersensitivity induced by the selective corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 1 (CRF1) agonist, cortagine.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously (SC) with URB597 (3 mg/kg) or vehicle and 2 h later, intraperitoneally with cortagine (10 μg/kg) or vehicle. The visceromotor responses (VMR) were assessed to a first CRD (baseline) before injections, and to a second CRD 15 min after the last treatment. Brain, jejunum, and proximal colon were collected from treated and naïve rats for levels quantification of three fatty acid amides (FAAs) [anandamide (arachidonyl-ethanolamide, AEA), oleoyl-ethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoyl-ethanolamide (PEA)], and 2-AG. In separate animals, defecation/diarrhea were monitored after URB597 and cortagine.

Key results: URB597 inhibited cortagine-induced increased VMR at 40 mmHg (89.0 ± 14.8% vs. 132.5 ± 15.6% for vehicle SC, p < 0.05) and 60 mmHg (107.5 ± 16.1% vs. 176.9 ± 24.4% for vehicle SC, p < 0.001) while not influencing basal VMR. In URB597 plus cortagine group, FAAs levels increased in the brain and intestinal tissue while 2-AG did not change. URB597 did not modify cortagine-induced defecation/diarrhea versus vehicle.

Conclusions and inferences: URB597 shows efficacy to elevate brain and intestinal FAAs and to counteract the colonic hypersensitivity induced by peripheral activation of CRF1 signaling supporting a potential strategy of FAAH inhibitors to alleviate stress-related visceral hypersensitivity.

背景和目的:内源性大麻素(eCB)系统包括配体(anandamide和2-arachidonoyl glycerol,2-AG)、受体和分解酶(脂肪酸酰胺水解酶,FAAH和单酰基甘油脂肪酶),在大脑和肠道中均有表达。我们研究了在选择性促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体亚型1(CRF1)激动剂可的松诱导的急性应激相关内脏超敏模型中,FAAH抑制剂URB597是否会影响结肠直肠胀气(CRD)引起的内脏疼痛:雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠皮下注射(SC)URB597(3 毫克/千克)或载体,2 小时后腹腔注射可的松(10 微克/千克)或载体。对注射前的第一次CRD(基线)和最后一次治疗后15分钟的第二次CRD进行内脏运动反应(VMR)评估。从接受治疗的大鼠和未接受治疗的大鼠身上收集大脑、空肠和近端结肠,以定量检测三种脂肪酸酰胺(FAAs)[花生四烯醇乙醇酰胺(anandamide,arachidonyl-ethanolamide,AEA)、油酰乙醇酰胺(OEA)和棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(palmitoyl-ethanolamide,PEA)]和 2-AG 的含量。URB597和可的松作用后,分别监测动物的排便/腹泻情况:主要结果:URB597 抑制了可的松引起的 40 mmHg VMR 增加(89.0 ± 14.8% vs. 132.5 ± 15.6% for vehicle SC, p 结论和推论:URB597具有提高大脑和肠道FAA的功效,并能抵消外周激活CRF1信号诱导的结肠超敏反应,支持FAAH抑制剂缓解应激相关内脏超敏反应的潜在策略。
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引用次数: 0
Disorders of gut-brain interaction through the lens of polyvagal theory. 从多迷走神经理论的角度看肠道与大脑相互作用的紊乱。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14926
Stephen W Porges

This paper introduces a metric capable of tracking a hypothetical brainstem "switching" mechanism involved in regulating the afferent influence of blood pressure on the vagal efferent control of heart rate. In theory, this metric could be applied to evaluate the "efficiency" of brainstem pathways involved in common mechanisms of autonomic function involving the vagal influences on the gut as well as the heart. Thus, by exploring the dynamic "efficiency" of the brainstem feedback circuit linking heart rate to posture, a clinically relevant index of vagal flexibility might be extracted that would provide a generalizable window into the vagal regulation of both the heart and gut. Recent research supports this contention and has documented that this metric, VE, appears to covary with disorders of the gut. Clinical application of this metric might identify individual vulnerabilities that frequently reflect symptoms assumed to have features of a dysregulated autonomic nervous system (i.e., dysautonomia). If this is confirmed by additional research, then this objective measure of neural regulation of autonomic function might provide insight into the pathogenesis of disorders of gut-brain interaction.

本文介绍了一种能够追踪假定脑干 "切换 "机制的指标,该机制参与调节血压传入对迷走神经传出控制心率的影响。理论上,这一指标可用于评估脑干通路的 "效率",这些通路涉及迷走神经影响肠道和心脏的常见自律神经功能机制。因此,通过探索连接心率和姿势的脑干反馈回路的动态 "效率",可以提取出迷走神经灵活性的临床相关指标,为迷走神经对心脏和肠道的调节提供一个可推广的窗口。最近的研究支持了这一论点,并记录了这一指标(VE)似乎与肠道疾病有关。在临床上应用这一指标可能会发现个体的弱点,这些弱点经常反映出自律神经系统失调的症状(即自律神经失调)。如果进一步的研究证实了这一点,那么这种对自律神经功能进行神经调节的客观测量方法或许能让人们深入了解肠道与大脑相互作用紊乱的发病机理。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of hiatal hernia and esophagogastric junction morphology on esophageal motility: Evidence from high-resolution manometry studies. 食管裂孔疝和食管胃交界处形态对食管运动的影响:高分辨率测压研究提供的证据。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14929
Stefano Kayali, Francesco Calabrese, Andrea Pasta, Elisa Marabotto, Giorgia Bodini, Manuele Furnari, Edoardo V Savarino, Vincenzo Savarino, Edoardo G Giannini, Patrizia Zentilin

Background: High-resolution Manometry (HRM) is the most sensitive and specific test available for clinical assessment of hiatal hernia (HH), a common condition defined as the separation between the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD). While the link between HH and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is established, the potential association of HH with esophageal dysmotility, independently from GERD, is uncertain. This study aimed to analyze if HH, with or without GERD, can associate with esophageal motility disorders.

Methods: Consecutive patients without previous esophageal surgery who underwent HRM between 2018 and 2022 were enrolled. All patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD underwent impedance-pH testing off-therapy. HH was defined as a separation >1 cm between LES and CD, and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology was classified as: Type I, when there was no separation between LES and CD; Type II, in case of minimal separation (>1 and <3 cm); Type III, when ≥3 cm of separation was present. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline, including Age, Gender, Alcohol-, Coffee- and Smoke-habits, GERD diagnosis and symptoms' duration. Two cohorts of patients, with and without HH, were retrospectively individuated, and their association with Ineffective Peristalsis, Hypercontractile Esophagus and Outflow Obstruction was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions using the statistical software R.

Key results: 848 consecutive patients were enrolled, and 295 cases of HH (34.8%), subdivided into 199 (23.5%) Type II- and 96 (11.3%) Type III-EGJ patients, were identified. Ineffective peristalsis was diagnosed in 162 (19.1%) subjects, Hypercontractile esophagus in 32 (3.8%), and Outflow Obstruction in 91 (10.7%), while GERD was present in 375 (44.2%) patients. HH was significantly associated with Ineffective Peristalsis (p < 0.001) and GERD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HH resulted to be a risk factor for Ineffective peristalsis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-2.8, p < 0.001) both when the analysis was conducted in all the 848 subjects, independently from GERD, and when it was carried out in patients without GERD (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.02-5.3, p = 0.04). The risk for Ineffective Peristalsis increased 1.3 times for every centimeter of HH. No statistically significant association was found between HH and Outflow obstruction or Hypercontractile Esophagus.

Conclusions & inferences: An increasing separation between the LES and CD may lead to a gradual and significant elevation in the risk of Ineffective Peristalsis. Interestingly, this association with HH is true in patients with and in those without GERD, suggesting that the anatomical alteration seems to play a major role in motility change.

背景:高分辨率测压法(HRM)是目前临床评估食管裂孔疝(HH)最灵敏、最特异的检测方法,食管裂孔疝是一种常见疾病,定义为食管下括约肌(LES)和嵴膈(CD)之间的分离。虽然 HH 与胃食管反流病(GERD)之间的联系已经确定,但 HH 与食管运动障碍(独立于胃食管反流病)之间的潜在联系还不确定。本研究旨在分析HH(伴有或不伴有胃食管反流病)是否与食管运动障碍有关:纳入2018年至2022年期间接受HRM的既往未接受过食管手术的连续患者。所有有胃食管反流症状的患者均接受了治疗外阻抗-pH 测试。HH的定义是LES和CD之间的分离>1厘米,食管胃交界处(EGJ)形态分为:Ⅰ型:LES 和 CD 之间无分离;Ⅱ型:分离程度极小(>1 厘米);Ⅲ型:LES 和 CD 之间无分离:共登记了 848 例连续患者,其中有 295 例 HH(34.8%),细分为 199 例(23.5%)II 型 EGJ 患者和 96 例(11.3%)III 型 EGJ 患者。162例(19.1%)患者被诊断为无效蠕动,32例(3.8%)患者被诊断为过度收缩食管,91例(10.7%)患者被诊断为流出道阻塞,而375例(44.2%)患者存在胃食管反流。HH 与无效蠕动有明显相关性(p 结论与推论:LES 和 CD 之间的分隔越来越大,可能会导致无效蠕动风险逐渐显著增加。有趣的是,胃食管反流病患者和非胃食管反流病患者都与 HH 有关,这表明解剖结构的改变似乎在蠕动变化中起着重要作用。
{"title":"Effect of hiatal hernia and esophagogastric junction morphology on esophageal motility: Evidence from high-resolution manometry studies.","authors":"Stefano Kayali, Francesco Calabrese, Andrea Pasta, Elisa Marabotto, Giorgia Bodini, Manuele Furnari, Edoardo V Savarino, Vincenzo Savarino, Edoardo G Giannini, Patrizia Zentilin","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-resolution Manometry (HRM) is the most sensitive and specific test available for clinical assessment of hiatal hernia (HH), a common condition defined as the separation between the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD). While the link between HH and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is established, the potential association of HH with esophageal dysmotility, independently from GERD, is uncertain. This study aimed to analyze if HH, with or without GERD, can associate with esophageal motility disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients without previous esophageal surgery who underwent HRM between 2018 and 2022 were enrolled. All patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD underwent impedance-pH testing off-therapy. HH was defined as a separation >1 cm between LES and CD, and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology was classified as: Type I, when there was no separation between LES and CD; Type II, in case of minimal separation (>1 and <3 cm); Type III, when ≥3 cm of separation was present. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline, including Age, Gender, Alcohol-, Coffee- and Smoke-habits, GERD diagnosis and symptoms' duration. Two cohorts of patients, with and without HH, were retrospectively individuated, and their association with Ineffective Peristalsis, Hypercontractile Esophagus and Outflow Obstruction was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions using the statistical software R.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>848 consecutive patients were enrolled, and 295 cases of HH (34.8%), subdivided into 199 (23.5%) Type II- and 96 (11.3%) Type III-EGJ patients, were identified. Ineffective peristalsis was diagnosed in 162 (19.1%) subjects, Hypercontractile esophagus in 32 (3.8%), and Outflow Obstruction in 91 (10.7%), while GERD was present in 375 (44.2%) patients. HH was significantly associated with Ineffective Peristalsis (p < 0.001) and GERD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HH resulted to be a risk factor for Ineffective peristalsis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-2.8, p < 0.001) both when the analysis was conducted in all the 848 subjects, independently from GERD, and when it was carried out in patients without GERD (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.02-5.3, p = 0.04). The risk for Ineffective Peristalsis increased 1.3 times for every centimeter of HH. No statistically significant association was found between HH and Outflow obstruction or Hypercontractile Esophagus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions & inferences: </strong>An increasing separation between the LES and CD may lead to a gradual and significant elevation in the risk of Ineffective Peristalsis. Interestingly, this association with HH is true in patients with and in those without GERD, suggesting that the anatomical alteration seems to play a major role in motility change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review: Food-induced mucosal alterations visualized using endomicroscopy. 回顾:使用内窥镜观察食物引起的粘膜变化。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14930
Lukas Michaja Balsiger, Monica Rusticeanu, Jost Langhorst, Christian Sina, Robert Benamouzig, Clifton Huang, Jan Tack, Ralf Kiesslich

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel technique allowing real time in vivo microscopy during standard endoscopy. Recently, acute mucosal alterations after food administration visualized by CLE have been linked to symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Interestingly, the observed reactions occurred in subjects without demonstrable allergic sensitization to food-this is in line with mechanistic research showing local but not systemic allergic sensitization to foods in an animal model for IBS. Here, European experts conducting CLE with food administration provide a narrative review of the available literature and propose practical guidance on the use of this technique. CLE allows physicians to observe acute mucosal reactions after the application of food to the duodenal mucosa in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Some open-label interventions show a symptomatic benefit when patients exclude the nutrient that triggered an acute mucosal reaction. However, many technical, mechanistic, and clinical questions remain unanswered to date. Technically, the interobserver variability and learning curve requires systematic evaluation and criteria or cutoffs for alterations require validation. Mechanistic studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying observed alterations. Finally, rigorous blinded controlled studies are needed to assess a link of these observed alterations with symptom generation. CLE offers a platform allowing scientific insights related to food induced acute mucosal alterations. However, many questions remain unanswered, and more research is warranted to understand the role of acute mucosal alterations visualized upon food administration in IBS pathophysiology and treatment.

共焦激光内窥镜(CLE)是一种新型技术,可在标准内窥镜检查过程中进行实时活体显微镜检查。最近,通过共聚焦激光内窥镜观察到的食物摄入后急性粘膜改变与肠易激综合征(IBS)的症状有关。有趣的是,观察到的反应发生在对食物没有明显过敏反应的受试者身上,这与机理研究显示肠易激综合征动物模型对食物有局部过敏反应而非全身过敏反应是一致的。在此,欧洲专家对使用食品管理进行 CLE 的现有文献进行了叙述性回顾,并提出了使用该技术的实用指南。功能性胃肠病患者在十二指肠粘膜上涂抹食物后,医生可以通过 CLE 观察急性粘膜反应。当患者排除了引发急性粘膜反应的营养物质后,一些开放标签的干预措施显示出了症状上的益处。然而,许多技术、机理和临床问题至今仍未得到解答。在技术上,需要对观察者之间的变异性和学习曲线进行系统评估,并对改变的标准或临界值进行验证。需要进行机制研究,以加深我们对观察到的改变的机制的理解。最后,还需要进行严格的盲法对照研究,以评估这些观察到的改变与症状产生之间的联系。CLE 提供了一个平台,使我们能够从科学角度深入了解食物诱发的急性粘膜改变。然而,许多问题仍未得到解答,需要进行更多的研究,以了解食物诱发的急性粘膜改变在肠易激综合征病理生理学和治疗中的作用。
{"title":"Review: Food-induced mucosal alterations visualized using endomicroscopy.","authors":"Lukas Michaja Balsiger, Monica Rusticeanu, Jost Langhorst, Christian Sina, Robert Benamouzig, Clifton Huang, Jan Tack, Ralf Kiesslich","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel technique allowing real time in vivo microscopy during standard endoscopy. Recently, acute mucosal alterations after food administration visualized by CLE have been linked to symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Interestingly, the observed reactions occurred in subjects without demonstrable allergic sensitization to food-this is in line with mechanistic research showing local but not systemic allergic sensitization to foods in an animal model for IBS. Here, European experts conducting CLE with food administration provide a narrative review of the available literature and propose practical guidance on the use of this technique. CLE allows physicians to observe acute mucosal reactions after the application of food to the duodenal mucosa in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Some open-label interventions show a symptomatic benefit when patients exclude the nutrient that triggered an acute mucosal reaction. However, many technical, mechanistic, and clinical questions remain unanswered to date. Technically, the interobserver variability and learning curve requires systematic evaluation and criteria or cutoffs for alterations require validation. Mechanistic studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying observed alterations. Finally, rigorous blinded controlled studies are needed to assess a link of these observed alterations with symptom generation. CLE offers a platform allowing scientific insights related to food induced acute mucosal alterations. However, many questions remain unanswered, and more research is warranted to understand the role of acute mucosal alterations visualized upon food administration in IBS pathophysiology and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The neurotensin receptor 1 agonist PD149163 alleviates visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability in rat irritable bowel syndrome model. 神经紧张素受体 1 激动剂 PD149163 可减轻大鼠肠易激综合征模型的内脏超敏反应和结肠高渗透性。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14925
Tsukasa Nozu, Saori Miyagishi, Masatomo Ishioh, Kaoru Takakusaki, Toshikatsu Okumura

Background: An impaired intestinal barrier with the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and proinflammatory cytokine signaling, resulting in visceral hypersensitivity, is a crucial aspect of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The gut exhibits abundant expression of neurotensin; however, its role in the pathophysiology of IBS remains uncertain. This study aimed to clarify the effects of PD149163, a specific agonist for neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1), on visceral sensation and gut barrier in rat IBS models.

Methods: The visceral pain threshold in response to colonic balloon distention was electrophysiologically determined by monitoring abdominal muscle contractions, while colonic permeability was measured by quantifying absorbed Evans blue in colonic tissue in vivo in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We employed the rat IBS models, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and CRF-induced visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability, and explored the effects of PD149163.

Key results: Intraperitoneal PD149163 (160, 240, 320 μg kg-1) prevented LPS (1 mg kg-1, subcutaneously)-induced visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability dose-dependently. It also prevented the gastrointestinal changes induced by CRF (50 μg kg-1, intraperitoneally). Peripheral atropine, bicuculline (a GABAA receptor antagonist), sulpiride (a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist), astressin2-B (a CRF receptor subtype 2 [CRF2] antagonist), and intracisternal SB-334867 (an orexin 1 receptor antagonist) reversed these effects of PD149163 in the LPS model.

Conclusions and inferences: PD149163 demonstrated an improvement in visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability in rat IBS models through the dopamine D2, GABAA, orexin, CRF2, and cholinergic pathways. Activation of NTR1 may modulate these gastrointestinal changes, helping to alleviate IBS symptoms.

背景:肠道屏障受损,促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF)、Toll 样受体 4 (TLR4) 和促炎细胞因子信号被激活,导致内脏过敏,这是肠易激综合征 (IBS) 的一个重要方面。肠道中表达了大量的神经紧张素,但其在肠易激综合征病理生理学中的作用仍不确定。本研究旨在阐明神经紧张素受体 1(NTR1)的特异性激动剂 PD149163 对大鼠肠易激综合征模型的内脏感觉和肠道屏障的影响:方法:通过监测腹肌收缩,电生理测定大鼠对结肠球囊扩张反应的内脏痛阈值;通过量化成年雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠体内结肠组织吸收的伊文思蓝,测量结肠通透性。我们采用了大鼠肠易激综合征模型,即脂多糖(LPS)和 CRF 诱导的内脏超敏反应和结肠高通透性,并探讨了 PD149163 的作用:腹腔注射PD149163(160、240、320 μg kg-1)可剂量依赖性地防止LPS(1 mg kg-1,皮下注射)诱导的内脏超敏反应和结肠高渗透性。它还能防止 CRF(50 μg kg-1,腹腔注射)引起的胃肠道变化。外周阿托品、双谷氨酸(一种 GABAA 受体拮抗剂)、舒必利(一种多巴胺 D2 受体拮抗剂)、 astressin2-B(一种 CRF 受体亚型 2 [CRF2] 拮抗剂)和腹腔内 SB-334867(一种奥曲肽 1 受体拮抗剂)逆转了 PD149163 在 LPS 模型中的这些作用:PD149163通过多巴胺D2、GABAA、奥曲肽、CRF2和胆碱能通路改善了大鼠肠易激综合征模型的内脏超敏性和结肠高渗透性。激活 NTR1 可调节这些胃肠道变化,有助于缓解肠易激综合征症状。
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引用次数: 0
Multidisciplinary behavioral therapy reduces rumination. 多学科行为疗法可减少反刍。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14919
M Nyyssönen, O Vilpponen, M Ståhl-Railila, S Liesto, T Mustonen, S Pikkarainen, P Arkkila, R Roine, H Sintonen, J Punkkinen

Background: Behavioral therapy has proved effective as rumination therapy. Our objective was to treat rumination patients using multidisciplinary behavioral therapy aimed at reducing ≥2 of the rumination score.

Methods: All patients fulfilled Rome IV criteria for rumination and were referred to speech therapy for psychoeducation, diaphragmatic breathing exercises and guided eating, physiotherapy for exercises to relax the thoracic and abdominal muscles, and consultation with the psychologist and the dietitian. Symptoms, depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and functional capacity were evaluated by questionnaires (Rome IV, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), 15D, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0) at baseline and at 6-month control. Esophageal manometry was performed at 6-month control.

Key results: The study enrolled 11 patients (19-64 years, 10 female). Rumination score: 6.5 (5-8) at baseline, 4.0 (3-5) at the 6-month control, p = 0.005. BDI/8 (6-13), BAI/15 (8-29) at baseline; BDI/7 (4-8), BAI/15 (7-27) at the 6-month control, NS. 15D score: 0.800 at baseline, 0.845 at the 6-month control, NS. WHODAS 2.0 score: 15 (7-33) at baseline, 11 (7-26) at the 6-month control, NS. Rumination could be evoked in manometry in six of nine (67%) patients at 6-month control.

Conclusions and inferences: Behavioral multidisciplinary therapy significantly reduces the self-assessed frequency of rumination. These patients have more depression, anxiety and a lower HRQoL compared to the normal population.

背景:行为疗法已被证明是有效的反刍疗法。我们的目标是采用多学科行为疗法治疗反刍患者,旨在减少≥2的反刍评分:所有患者均符合罗马IV标准的反刍症状,并转诊至言语治疗中心接受心理教育、横膈膜呼吸练习和饮食指导,物理治疗中心进行胸肌和腹肌放松练习,并咨询心理学家和营养师。在基线和6个月控制期间,通过问卷(罗马IV、贝克抑郁量表(BDI)、贝克焦虑量表(BAI)、15D和世界卫生组织残疾评估表(WHODAS)2.0)对症状、抑郁、焦虑、健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)和功能能力进行了评估。在6个月对照组时进行食管测压:研究共招募了 11 名患者(19-64 岁,10 名女性)。反刍评分:基线时为 6.5(5-8),6 个月对照时为 4.0(3-5),P = 0.005。基线时 BDI/8(6-13),BAI/15(8-29);6 个月对照时 BDI/7(4-8),BAI/15(7-27),NS。15D 评分:基线时为 0.800,6 个月对照时为 0.845,NS。WHODAS 2.0 评分:基线时为 15(7-33),6 个月对照时为 11(7-26),NS。9名患者中有6名(67%)在6个月的对照组中能通过测压唤起反刍:结论与推论:多学科行为疗法可显著降低自评的反刍频率。与正常人群相比,这些患者的抑郁、焦虑程度更高,HRQoL 更低。
{"title":"Multidisciplinary behavioral therapy reduces rumination.","authors":"M Nyyssönen, O Vilpponen, M Ståhl-Railila, S Liesto, T Mustonen, S Pikkarainen, P Arkkila, R Roine, H Sintonen, J Punkkinen","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Behavioral therapy has proved effective as rumination therapy. Our objective was to treat rumination patients using multidisciplinary behavioral therapy aimed at reducing ≥2 of the rumination score.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients fulfilled Rome IV criteria for rumination and were referred to speech therapy for psychoeducation, diaphragmatic breathing exercises and guided eating, physiotherapy for exercises to relax the thoracic and abdominal muscles, and consultation with the psychologist and the dietitian. Symptoms, depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and functional capacity were evaluated by questionnaires (Rome IV, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), 15D, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0) at baseline and at 6-month control. Esophageal manometry was performed at 6-month control.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The study enrolled 11 patients (19-64 years, 10 female). Rumination score: 6.5 (5-8) at baseline, 4.0 (3-5) at the 6-month control, p = 0.005. BDI/8 (6-13), BAI/15 (8-29) at baseline; BDI/7 (4-8), BAI/15 (7-27) at the 6-month control, NS. 15D score: 0.800 at baseline, 0.845 at the 6-month control, NS. WHODAS 2.0 score: 15 (7-33) at baseline, 11 (7-26) at the 6-month control, NS. Rumination could be evoked in manometry in six of nine (67%) patients at 6-month control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and inferences: </strong>Behavioral multidisciplinary therapy significantly reduces the self-assessed frequency of rumination. These patients have more depression, anxiety and a lower HRQoL compared to the normal population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlation of deglutitive striated esophagus motor function and pharyngeal phase swallowing biomechanical events. 脱落横纹食管运动功能与咽相吞咽生物力学事件的相关性。
IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14920
Reza Shaker, Mark Kern, Francis Edeani, Ling Mei, Elliot Yu, Patrick Sanvanson

Background: The functional relationship of striated esophagus (St.Eso) motor function with pharyngeal deglutitive biomechanical events has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to determine the spatio-temporal characteristics of St.Eso function and its correlation with pharyngeal biomechanics and bolus transport.

Methods: We studied 50 healthy volunteer subjects (age range: 21-82 years, 31 female) by digital videofluoroscopy. All subjects were studied in a seated, upright position. Thirteen of these 50 volunteers also underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) concurrent with fluoroscopy. We used laryngeal excursion as a surrogate for St.Eso excursion.

Key results: Median duration of St.Eso excursion was 2.35 [1.93,2.85, 5th and 95th percentile] seconds. Mean maximum extent of St.Eso excursion was 2.84 ± 0.72 cm. We identified four distinct periods in deglutitive St.Eso motor function: P1. Anterosuperior ascent without bolus or peristaltic activity, P2. Non-peristaltic bolus receiving at the apogee of St.Eso excursion concurrent with UES opening and pharyngeal peristalsis P3. Peristaltic bolus transport as St.Eso descends and P4. Continued peristalsis in resting position.

Conclusions and inferences: 1. St.Eso motor function spans both pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing for receiving and transporting the bolus, 2. Pressure signatures in HRM recordings currently attributed to St.Eso deglutitive motor activity does not represent the entirety of St.Eso peristalsis, only the part that occurs in its resting position. St.Eso peristalsis that occurs during its descent is recorded by pressure sensors initially in the pharynx. This finding needs to be considered when interpreting HRM recordings of the pharynx and proximal esophagus.

背景:尚未系统研究横纹肌食管(St.Eso)运动功能与咽脱落生物力学事件之间的功能关系。本研究的目的是确定 St.Eso 功能的时空特征及其与咽部生物力学和药栓运输的相关性:我们通过数字视频荧光屏对 50 名健康志愿者(年龄范围:21-82 岁,女性 31 人)进行了研究。所有受试者均采取坐姿和直立姿势进行研究。这 50 名志愿者中有 13 人在接受透视检查的同时还接受了高分辨率测压(HRM)检查。我们用喉偏移来替代 St.Eso 偏移:主要结果:St.Eso偏移的中位持续时间为2.35秒[1.93,2.85,第5和第95百分位数]。St.Eso 偏移的平均最大范围为 2.84 ± 0.72 厘米。我们确定了 St.Eso 运动功能的四个不同时期:P1.无栓塞或蠕动活动的前上行;P2.在 St.Eso 运动的远端接收非蠕动栓子,同时上咽部开口和咽部蠕动;P3.在 St.Eso 下降时蠕动输送栓子,P4.在静息位置继续蠕动:1.圣埃索运动功能横跨吞咽的咽部和食管阶段,用于接收和运送栓子,2. 目前认为圣埃索脱髓鞘运动活动所产生的 HRM 记录中的压力信号并不代表圣埃索蠕动的全部,只代表在静息位置发生的部分。St.Eso 在下降过程中发生的蠕动最初是由咽部的压力传感器记录的。在解释咽部和食管近端 HRM 记录时需要考虑这一发现。
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Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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