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Enhanced phase sensitivity in a feedback-assisted interferometer 增强反馈辅助干涉仪的相位灵敏度
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad69b9
Gao-Feng Jiao
The topology of feedback optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) renders a number of significant advantages over the topology of traditional optical parametric amplifier (TOPA) such as a higher degree of quantum correlation, all-phase entanglement enhancement, and the robustness of the losses. Here, we propose a feedback-assisted interferometer based on the topology of FOPA for quantum metrology. We theoretically study the phase sensitivity with the method of homodyne detection and product detection. By manipulating the feedback strength of the FOPA, the phase sensitivity can be further enhanced, and approach the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our proposal is superior to the SU(1,1) interferometer based on the topology of TOPA.
反馈光参量放大器(FOPA)拓扑结构与传统光参量放大器(TOPA)拓扑结构相比具有许多显著优势,如量子关联度更高、全相纠缠增强和损耗鲁棒性强等。在此,我们提出了一种基于 FOPA 拓扑的反馈辅助干涉仪,用于量子计量。我们用同调检测和乘积检测的方法从理论上研究了相位灵敏度。通过调节 FOPA 的反馈强度,相位灵敏度可以进一步提高,并接近量子克拉梅尔-拉奥约束。此外,我们还证明了我们的方案优于基于 TOPA 拓扑的 SU(1,1) 干涉仪。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling co-evolution of resource feedback and social network dynamics in human-environmental systems 模拟人类-环境系统中资源反馈和社会网络动态的共同演化
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad67fe
Meghdad Saeedian, Chengyi Tu, Fabio Menegazzo, Paolo D’Odorico, Sandro Azaele and Samir Suweis
Games with environmental feedback have become a crucial area of study across various scientific domains, modelling the dynamic interplay between human decisions and environmental changes, and highlighting the consequences of our choices on natural resources and biodiversity. In this work, we propose a co-evolutionary model for human-environment systems that incorporates the effects of knowledge feedback and social interaction on the sustainability of common pool resources (CPRs). The model represents consumers as agents who adjust their resource extraction based on the resource’s state. These agents are connected through social networks, where links symbolize either affinity or aversion among them. The interplay between social dynamics and resource dynamics is explored, with the system’s evolution analyzed across various network topologies and initial conditions. We find that knowledge feedback can independently sustain CPRs. However, the impact of social interactions on sustainability is dual-faceted: it can either support or impede sustainability, influenced by the network’s connectivity and heterogeneity. A notable finding is the identification of a critical network mean degree, beyond which a depletion/repletion transition parallels an absorbing/active state transition in social dynamics, i.e. individual agents and their connections are/are not prone to being frozen in their social states. Furthermore, the study examines the evolution of the social network, revealing the emergence of two polarized groups where agents within each community have the same affinity. Finally, we observe an inverse relationship between system complexity and sustainability. Comparative analyses using Monte–Carlo simulations and rate equations are employed, along with analytical arguments, to reinforce the study’s findings. The model successfully captures key aspects of the human-environment system, offering valuable insights to understand how both the spread of information and social dynamics may impact the sustainability of CPRs.
环境反馈博弈已成为各科学领域的一个重要研究领域,它模拟了人类决策与环境变化之间的动态相互作用,并强调了我们的选择对自然资源和生物多样性造成的后果。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个人类-环境系统的共同进化模型,其中纳入了知识反馈和社会互动对共有资源可持续性的影响。该模型将消费者视为根据资源状况调整资源开采量的行为主体。这些行为主体通过社会网络连接在一起,其中的链接象征着他们之间的亲和力或厌恶感。我们探讨了社会动态和资源动态之间的相互作用,并分析了系统在不同网络拓扑结构和初始条件下的演化过程。我们发现,知识反馈可以独立地维持 CPR。然而,社会互动对可持续性的影响是双方面的:它既可以支持可持续性,也可以阻碍可持续性,这受到网络连通性和异质性的影响。一个值得注意的发现是确定了一个临界网络平均程度,超过这个临界网络平均程度,社会动态中的耗竭/耗尽过渡就会与吸收/活跃状态过渡相似,即个体行为主体及其联系不易冻结在其社会状态中。此外,研究还考察了社会网络的演变,发现出现了两个两极化群体,每个群体中的代理都具有相同的亲和力。最后,我们观察到系统复杂性与可持续性之间存在反比关系。我们采用蒙特卡洛模拟和速率方程进行比较分析,并辅以分析论证,以强化研究结果。该模型成功地捕捉到了人类-环境系统的关键方面,为理解信息传播和社会动态如何影响 CPR 的可持续性提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Madelung mechanics and superoscillations 马德龙力学和超振荡
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad689b
Mordecai Waegell
In single-particle Madelung mechanics, the single-particle quantum state is interpreted as comprising an entire conserved fluid of classical point particles, with local density and local momentum (where R and S are real). The Schrödinger equation gives rise to the continuity equation for the fluid, and the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for particles of the fluid, which includes an additional density-dependent quantum potential energy term , which is all that makes the fluid behavior nonclassical. In particular, the quantum potential can become negative and create a nonclassical boost in the kinetic energy. This boost is related to superoscillations in the wavefunction, where the local frequency of Ψ exceeds its global band limit. Berry showed that for states of definite energy E, the regions of superoscillation are exactly the regions where . For energy superposition states with band-limit , the situation is slightly more complicated, and the bound is no longer . However, the fluid model provides a definite local energy for each fluid particle which allows us to define a local band limit for superoscillation, and with this definition, all regions of superoscillation are again regions where for general superpositions. An alternative interpretation of these quantities involving a reduced quantum potential is reviewed and advanced, and a parallel discussion of superoscillation in this picture is given. Detailed examples are given which illustrate the role of the quantum potential and superoscillations in a range of scenarios.
在单粒子马德龙力学中,单粒子量子态被解释为由经典点粒子组成的整个守恒流体,具有局部密度和局部动量(其中 R 和 S 为实数)。薛定谔方程产生了流体的连续性方程,以及流体粒子的汉密尔顿-贾可比方程,其中包括一个额外的与密度相关的量子势能项,这就是使流体行为非经典化的全部原因。特别是,量子势能可以变为负值,并产生非经典的动能提升。这种提升与波函数中的超振荡有关,在超振荡中,Ψ 的局部频率超过了其全局带限。贝里证明,对于能量 E 确定的态,超振荡区域正是......的区域。对于带限为Ⅴ的能量叠加态,情况略微复杂一些,约束不再是Ⅴ。然而,流体模型为每个流体粒子提供了一个确定的局部能量,这使得我们可以定义超振荡的局部带限,根据这一定义,所有超振荡区域都是一般叠加态的所在区域。我们回顾并提出了这些量的另一种解释,其中涉及量子势的降低,并对这种情况下的超振荡进行了平行讨论。还给出了详细的例子,说明量子势和超稳定在一系列情况下的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Global optimization in variational quantum algorithms via dynamic tunneling method 通过动态隧道法实现变量子算法中的全局优化
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad64fc
Seung Park, Kyunghyun Baek, Seungjin Lee, Mahn-Soo Choi
We present a global optimization routine for the variational quantum algorithms, which utilizes the dynamic tunneling flow. Originally designed to leverage information gathered by a gradient-based optimizer around local minima, we adapt the conventional dynamic tunneling flow to exploit the distance measure of quantum states, resolving issues of extrinsic degeneracy arising from the parametrization of quantum states. Our global optimization algorithm is applied to the variational quantum eigensolver for the transverse-field Ising model to demonstrate the performance of our routine while comparing it with the conventional dynamic tunneling method, which is based on the Euclidean distance measure on the parameter space.
我们提出了一种利用动态隧道流的变分量子算法全局优化程序。动态隧道流最初的设计目的是利用基于梯度的优化器在局部极小值周围收集的信息,我们对传统的动态隧道流进行了调整,以利用量子态的距离度量,解决量子态参数化引起的外在退化问题。我们的全局优化算法被应用于横向场伊辛模型的变分量子求解器,以证明我们的程序的性能,同时与基于参数空间欧氏距离度量的传统动态隧道方法进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
Manipulating a beam of barium fluoride molecules using an electrostatic hexapole 利用静电六极操纵氟化钡分子束
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad60ee
A Touwen, J W F van Hofslot, T Qualm, R Borchers, R Bause, H L Bethlem, A Boeschoten, A Borschevsky, T H Fikkers, S Hoekstra, K Jungmann, V R Marshall, T B Meijknecht, M C Mooij, R G E Timmermans, W Ubachs, L Willmann, NL-eEDM collaboration
An electrostatic hexapole lens is used to manipulate the transverse properties of a beam of barium fluoride molecules from a cryogenic buffer gas source. The spatial distribution of the beam is measured by recording state-selective laser-induced fluorescence on an emccd camera, providing insight into the intensity and transverse position spread of the molecular beam. Although the high mass and unfavorable Stark shift of barium fluoride pose a considerable challenge, the number of molecules in the low-field seeking component of the N = 1 state that pass a 4 mm diameter aperture 712 mm behind the source is increased by a factor of 12. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the molecular beam can be displaced by up to ±5 mm by moving the hexapole lens. Our measurements agree well with numerical trajectory simulations. We discuss how electrostatic lenses may be used to increase the sensitivity of beam experiments such as the search for the electric dipole moment of the electron.
利用静电六极透镜操纵来自低温缓冲气源的氟化钡分子束的横向特性。通过在 emccd 摄像机上记录状态选择性激光诱导荧光来测量光束的空间分布,从而深入了解分子光束的强度和横向位置分布。虽然氟化钡的高质和不利的斯塔克偏移构成了相当大的挑战,但通过光源后 712 毫米直径 4 毫米孔径的 N = 1 状态的低场寻求分量的分子数量增加了 12 倍。此外,实验还证明,通过移动六极透镜,分子束的位移可达 ±5 毫米。我们的测量结果与数值轨迹模拟结果十分吻合。我们讨论了如何利用静电透镜来提高光束实验的灵敏度,例如寻找电子的电偶极矩。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive quantum accelerated imaging for space domain awareness 用于空间领域感知的自适应量子加速成像技术
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad668c
Hyunsoo Choi, Fanglin Bao, Zubin Jacob
The growth in space activity has increased the need for Space Domain Awareness (SDA) to ensure safe space operations. Imaging and detecting space targets is, however, challenging due to their dim appearance, small angular size/separation, dense distribution, and atmospheric turbulence. These challenges render space targets in ground-based imaging observations as point-like objects in the sub-Rayleigh regime, with extreme brightness contrast but a low photon budget. Here, we propose to use the recently developed quantum-accelerated imaging (QAI) for the SDA challenge. We mainly focus on three SDA challenges (1) minimal a priori assumptions (2) many-object problem (3) extreme brightness ratio. We also present results on source estimation and localization in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. QAI shows significantly improved estimation in position, brightness, and number of targets for all SDA challenges. In particular, we demonstrate up to 2.5 times better performance in source detection than highly optimized direct imaging in extreme scenarios like stars with a 1000 times brightness ratio. With over 10 000 simulations, we verify the increased resolution of our approach compared to conventional state-of-the-art direct imaging paving the way towards quantum optics approaches for SDA.
太空活动的增长增加了对太空领域感知(SDA)的需求,以确保安全的太空操作。然而,由于空间目标外观暗淡、角尺寸/间隔小、分布密集以及大气湍流,成像和探测空间目标具有挑战性。这些挑战使得地面成像观测中的太空目标成为亚雷利级的点状物体,具有极强的亮度对比,但光子预算较低。在此,我们建议使用最近开发的量子加速成像(QAI)来应对 SDA 挑战。我们主要关注三个 SDA 挑战(1)最小先验假设(2)多目标问题(3)极端亮度比。我们还介绍了大气湍流情况下的源估计和定位结果。在所有 SDA 挑战中,QAI 对位置、亮度和目标数量的估计都有明显改善。特别是,在亮度比为 1000 倍的恒星等极端情况下,我们的源检测性能比高度优化的直接成像技术高出 2.5 倍。通过 10,000 多次模拟,我们验证了与传统的先进直接成像相比,我们的方法提高了分辨率,为量子光学方法用于 SDA 铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Unbending strategies shepherd cooperation and suppress extortion in spatial populations 不屈不挠的策略在空间种群中引导合作并抑制勒索
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad668b
Zijie Chen, Yuxin Geng, Xingru Chen, Feng Fu
Evolutionary game dynamics on networks typically consider the competition among simple strategies such as cooperation and defection in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and summarize the effect of population structure as network reciprocity. However, it remains largely unknown regarding the evolutionary dynamics involving multiple powerful strategies typically considered in repeated games, such as the zero-determinant (ZD) strategies that are able to enforce a linear payoff relationship between them and their co-players. Here, we consider the evolutionary dynamics of always cooperate (AllC), extortionate ZD (extortioners), and unbending players in lattice populations based on the commonly used death-birth updating. Out of the class of unbending strategies that can foster reciprocal cooperation and fairness among extortionate players, we consider a particular candidate, pre-optimized through the machine-learning method of particle swarm optimization (PSO), called PSO Gambler. We derive analytical results under weak selection and rare mutations, including pairwise fixation probabilities and long-term frequencies of strategies. In the absence of the third unbending type, extortioners can achieve a half-half split in equilibrium with unconditional cooperators for sufficiently large extortion factors. However, the presence of unbending players fundamentally changes the dynamics and tilts the system to favor unbending cooperation. Most surprisingly, extortioners cannot dominate at all regardless of how large their extortion factor is, and the long-term frequency of unbending players is maintained almost as a constant. Our analytical method is applicable to studying the evolutionary dynamics of multiple strategies in structured populations. Our work provides insights into the interplay between network reciprocity and direct reciprocity, revealing the role of unbending strategies in enforcing fairness and suppressing extortion.
网络演化博弈动力学通常考虑简单策略之间的竞争,如 "囚徒困境"(Prisoner's Dilemma)中的合作与叛逃,并将种群结构的影响总结为网络互惠。然而,对于重复博弈中通常考虑的涉及多种强力策略的演化动态,如零判定(ZD)策略(这些策略能够在它们与其共同博弈者之间强制执行线性报酬关系),人们在很大程度上仍然一无所知。在此,我们基于常用的死亡-出生更新,考虑了总是合作(AllC)、敲诈ZD(敲诈者)和不屈不挠的棋手在格子群中的演化动态。在可以促进敲诈者之间互惠合作和公平的不弯曲策略中,我们考虑了一种通过粒子群优化(PSO)的机器学习方法预先优化的候选策略,称为 PSO 赌徒。我们得出了弱选择和罕见突变条件下的分析结果,包括成对固定概率和策略的长期频率。在不存在第三种不弯曲类型的情况下,敲诈者可以在敲诈系数足够大的情况下,与无条件合作者达成一半一半的均衡。然而,不屈不挠者的存在从根本上改变了动态,使系统倾向于不屈不挠的合作。最令人惊讶的是,无论敲诈者的敲诈系数有多大,他们根本无法占据主导地位,而且不妥协者的长期频率几乎保持不变。我们的分析方法适用于研究结构化种群中多种策略的进化动态。我们的研究深入揭示了网络互惠与直接互惠之间的相互作用,揭示了不弯曲策略在实施公平和抑制敲诈方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Exact moments for trapped active particles: inertial impact on steady-state properties and re-entrance 被困活性粒子的精确力矩:惯性对稳态特性和再入口的影响
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad6349
Manish Patel, Debasish Chaudhuri
In this study, we investigate the behavior of inertial active Brownian particles in a d-dimensional harmonic trap in the presence of translational diffusion. While the solution of the Fokker–Planck equation is generally challenging, it can be utilized to compute the exact time evolution of all time-dependent dynamical moments using a Laplace transform approach. We present the explicit form for several moments of position and velocity in d-dimensions. An interplay of time scales assures that the effective diffusivity and steady-state kinetic temperature depend on both inertia and trap strength, unlike passive systems. The distance from equilibrium, measured by the violation of equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation and the amount of entropy production, decreases with increasing inertia and trap strength. We present detailed ‘phase diagrams’ using kurtosis of velocity and position, showing possibilities of re-entrance to equilibrium.
在本研究中,我们研究了存在平移扩散的 d 维谐波陷阱中惯性活动布朗粒子的行为。虽然福克-普朗克方程的求解通常具有挑战性,但我们可以利用拉普拉斯变换方法计算所有与时间相关的动态时刻的精确时间演化。我们介绍了 d 维中位置和速度的几个时刻的显式形式。与被动系统不同的是,时间尺度的相互作用确保了有效扩散率和稳态动力学温度同时取决于惯性和陷阱强度。随着惯性和陷阱强度的增加,以违反平衡的波动-耗散和熵产生量来衡量的平衡距离会减小。我们利用速度和位置的峰度提出了详细的 "相图",显示了重新进入平衡的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Laser powered dissipative quantum batteries in atom-cavity QED 原子腔 QED 中的激光驱动耗散量子电池
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad6348
Zamir Beleño, Marcelo F Santos, Felipe Barra
The interaction of a three-level atom with the electromagnetic field of a quantum cavity in the presence of a laser field presents a rich behavior in the dispersive regime that we exploit to discuss two quantum batteries. In the first setup, we consider a single three-level atom interacting sequentially with many cavities, each in a thermal state. We show that under this process, the atom converges towards an equilibrium state that displays population inversion. In the second setup, a stream of atoms in a thermal state interacts sequentially with a single cavity initially in a thermal state at the same temperature as the atoms. We show that the cavity’s energy increases continuously as the stream of atoms continues to cross, and the cavity does not reach an equilibrium state. After many atoms have traveled, the cavity’s state becomes active, storing extractable energy that increases in proportion to the work done by the laser. However, the same dynamics may involve only two cavity levels in an interesting limit called the highly selective regime. In that regime, the cavity reaches an equilibrium state similar to the one of the atom in the first scenario. The charging process we propose is robust. We discuss its thermodynamics and evaluate the energy supplied by the laser, the energy stored in the battery, and, thus, the device’s efficiency. We also analyze the role of damping.
在激光场存在的情况下,三量级原子与量子空腔电磁场的相互作用在色散机制中呈现出丰富的行为,我们利用这种行为来讨论两种量子电池。在第一种设置中,我们考虑了单个三量级原子依次与许多腔体相互作用的情况,每个腔体都处于热状态。我们证明,在这一过程中,原子会趋向于一种显示种群反转的平衡态。在第二种情况下,处于热态的原子流依次与最初处于热态的单个空穴相互作用,空穴的温度与原子的温度相同。我们的研究表明,随着原子流的不断穿过,空腔的能量不断增加,空腔并没有达到平衡状态。在许多原子穿越后,空腔状态开始活跃,储存的可提取能量与激光做功成正比增加。然而,在一个有趣的极限(称为高选择性状态)中,同样的动力学可能只涉及两个空腔水平。在这种情况下,空腔会达到与第一种情况下原子的平衡状态类似的状态。我们提出的充电过程是稳健的。我们讨论了其热力学原理,并评估了激光器提供的能量、电池中存储的能量以及设备的效率。我们还分析了阻尼的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Helical close-packing of anisotropic tubes 各向异性管的螺旋紧密堆积
IF 3.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad620a
Benjamin R Greenvall, Gregory M Grason
Helically close-packed states of filaments are common in natural and engineered material systems, ranging from nanoscopic biomolecules to macroscopic structural components. While the simplest models of helical close-packing, described by the ideal rope model, neglect anisotropy perpendicular to the backbone, physical filaments are often quite far from circular in their cross-section. Here, we consider an anisotropic generalization of the ideal rope model and show that cross-section anisotropy has a strongly non-linear impact on the helical close-packing configurations of helical filaments. We show that the topology and composition of the close-packing landscape depends on the cross-sectional aspect ratio and is characterized by several distinct states of self-contact. We characterize the local density of these distinct states based on the notion of confinement within a ‘virtual’ cylindrical capillary, and show that states of optimal density vary strongly with the degree of anisotropy. While isotropic filaments are densest in a straight configuration, any measure of anisotropy leads to helicity of the maximal density state. We show the maximally dense states exhibit a sequence of transitions in helical geometry and cross-sectional tilt with increasing anisotropy, from spiral tape to spiral screw packings. Furthermore, we show that maximal capillary density saturates in a lower bound for volume fraction of π/4 in the large-anisotropy, spiral-screw limit. While cross-sectional anisotropy is well-known to impact the mechanical properties of filaments, our study shows its strong effects to shape the configuration space and packing efficiency of this elementary material motif.
从纳米生物分子到宏观结构组件,螺旋紧密堆积状态的细丝在天然和工程材料系统中都很常见。理想绳索模型所描述的最简单的螺旋紧密堆积模型忽略了垂直于主干的各向异性,而物理细丝的横截面往往与圆形相去甚远。在这里,我们考虑了理想绳索模型的各向异性广义化,并证明横截面各向异性对螺旋丝的螺旋紧密堆积构型具有强烈的非线性影响。我们表明,紧密堆积景观的拓扑结构和组成取决于横截面长宽比,并以几种不同的自接触状态为特征。我们根据 "虚拟 "圆柱毛细管内的限制概念,描述了这些不同状态的局部密度,并表明最佳密度状态随各向异性程度的变化而强烈不同。虽然各向同性丝在直线配置中密度最大,但任何程度的各向异性都会导致最大密度状态的螺旋性。我们的研究表明,随着各向异性的增加,最大密度态在螺旋几何形状和横截面倾斜度上呈现出一连串的转变,从螺旋带状到螺旋螺旋包装。此外,我们还表明,在大各向异性的螺旋螺旋极限中,最大毛细管密度在体积分数为 π/4 的下限时达到饱和。众所周知,横截面各向异性会影响细丝的机械性能,而我们的研究则表明,各向异性对塑造这种基本材料图案的构型空间和堆积效率有很大影响。
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引用次数: 0
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