Malaria parasite infection is one of the global commonly ignored infections. Nigeria has both the highest case and mortality rate of malaria infection. This study examined the prevalence and intensity of malaria among transhuman pastoralists along the Gurin- Cameroun international border, Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa State after major ITN distribution in the study area. Five nomadic settlements: Jaringel; Wuro-nelbi Waziri, Wuro-nelbi Marafa, Wuro-Kosau and Mbodere were assessed using thin film slides blood samples for the presence of malaria parasites. The total malaria prevalence in the sample areas was 24.23%. The study showed that Wuro-Kosau had the highest malaria prevalence of 35%, and the lowest prevalence was found in Wuro-nelbi Marafa which had a 20% malaria prevalence. Also, the highest malaria prevalence of 57% was recorded in the children within the age distribution of (1-10) years, while the lowest prevalence of 5.4% was observed in the 41-50 age distribution. The study also established a link (x2 = 4.471, p = 0.023) between malaria prevalence and gender in the study population. The higher malaria prevalence occurred mostly in males (62.4%) compared to females (37.6%). Malaria intensity was also higher among males (52.7%) compared to females (46.3%) (x2 = 20.78, p = 0.011). This called for a proactive measure to ensure a malaria-free society. There is a need to intensify ITN campaign and the importance of using ITNs. Proper monitoring of the use of ITNs should be put in place.
{"title":"Malaria among the trans human pastoralists along the Gurin-Cameroun International Border, Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Jockthan, G. Chessed, A. K. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria parasite infection is one of the global commonly ignored infections. Nigeria has both the highest case and mortality rate of malaria infection. This study examined the prevalence and intensity of malaria among transhuman pastoralists along the Gurin- Cameroun international border, Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa State after major ITN distribution in the study area. Five nomadic settlements: Jaringel; Wuro-nelbi Waziri, Wuro-nelbi Marafa, Wuro-Kosau and Mbodere were assessed using thin film slides blood samples for the presence of malaria parasites. The total malaria prevalence in the sample areas was 24.23%. The study showed that Wuro-Kosau had the highest malaria prevalence of 35%, and the lowest prevalence was found in Wuro-nelbi Marafa which had a 20% malaria prevalence. Also, the highest malaria prevalence of 57% was recorded in the children within the age distribution of (1-10) years, while the lowest prevalence of 5.4% was observed in the 41-50 age distribution. The study also established a link (x2 = 4.471, p = 0.023) between malaria prevalence and gender in the study population. The higher malaria prevalence occurred mostly in males (62.4%) compared to females (37.6%). Malaria intensity was also higher among males (52.7%) compared to females (46.3%) (x2 = 20.78, p = 0.011). This called for a proactive measure to ensure a malaria-free society. There is a need to intensify ITN campaign and the importance of using ITNs. Proper monitoring of the use of ITNs should be put in place.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"133 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of previously worn clothing poses a risk of transmitting infectious diseases as the history of previous users is unknown. Despite this, used clothes are commonly sold as they are cheaper compared to new ones. Research was carried out to investigate the presence of pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in used clothes bought at Eke Awka Market in Anambra State, Nigeria. A variety of clothing items, including trousers, shirts, caps, bras, panties, baby clothes, towels, socks, head ties, and bed sheets were purchased and analysed for the presence of contaminating microbes. Techniques such as culture and plate count methods were used for the isolation of these microorganisms, and further identification was done through morphological and biochemical methods. Additionally, protozoa were specifically isolated through a washing method, which involved centrifuging the samples at 500g for 10 minutes and then observing the sediments under a microscope. The study found microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus spp, Rhodoborula spp, Candida glabrata and Entamoeba coli on the clothes examined. The highest number of bacteria isolates (2.00±0.000) were from caps and socks while the least (1.00±0.000) were from bras and bed sheets. The highest number of fungi isolates (2.50±0.707) were from trousers, bras, and baby cloths while shirts, socks, and bed sheets had the least number of fungi isolates (1.00±0.000). The only protozoan isolate was found in socks. In terms of colonies formed per unit, panties had the most colony-forming units (132.5±10.607) for fungi and (63.5±4.95) for bacteria organisms while caps had the least (16±1.414) for fungi and (8.5±2.121) for bacteria organisms, respectively. It is important to note that used clothes can act as a bearer of harmful bacteria for the epidermis and other diseases and should, whenever possible, be washed and sanitized thoroughly before use.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with fairly used clothes (Okirika) sold in Eke Awka Market, Anambra State","authors":"M. I. Ikeh, P. N. Chukwujekwu, C. O. Ishar","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The use of previously worn clothing poses a risk of transmitting infectious diseases as the history of previous users is unknown. Despite this, used clothes are commonly sold as they are cheaper compared to new ones. Research was carried out to investigate the presence of pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in used clothes bought at Eke Awka Market in Anambra State, Nigeria. A variety of clothing items, including trousers, shirts, caps, bras, panties, baby clothes, towels, socks, head ties, and bed sheets were purchased and analysed for the presence of contaminating microbes. Techniques such as culture and plate count methods were used for the isolation of these microorganisms, and further identification was done through morphological and biochemical methods. Additionally, protozoa were specifically isolated through a washing method, which involved centrifuging the samples at 500g for 10 minutes and then observing the sediments under a microscope. The study found microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus spp, Rhodoborula spp, Candida glabrata and Entamoeba coli on the clothes examined. The highest number of bacteria isolates (2.00±0.000) were from caps and socks while the least (1.00±0.000) were from bras and bed sheets. The highest number of fungi isolates (2.50±0.707) were from trousers, bras, and baby cloths while shirts, socks, and bed sheets had the least number of fungi isolates (1.00±0.000). The only protozoan isolate was found in socks. In terms of colonies formed per unit, panties had the most colony-forming units (132.5±10.607) for fungi and (63.5±4.95) for bacteria organisms while caps had the least (16±1.414) for fungi and (8.5±2.121) for bacteria organisms, respectively. It is important to note that used clothes can act as a bearer of harmful bacteria for the epidermis and other diseases and should, whenever possible, be washed and sanitized thoroughly before use.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yandev, J. I. Ngbede, G. C. Abongaby, O. A. Idowu, T. T. Kyernum, P. Adikwu
This study determined the in vitro trypanocidal activity of lemon grass(Cymbopogon citratus) methanolic extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and its bio infectivity in an in vivo study using male albino rat as the experimental animal. Five treatment levels were applied (0.002mg/ml, 0.02mg/ml, 0.2mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml and 0.0mg/ml). Trypanosome was inactive at all treatment levels of lemongrass. PCV was statistically the same at all exposure times whereas the control mice had significantly lower PCV than all treated mice apart from the control, all other treatments gave similar PCV results, but the highest grand mean value (51.87%) was obtained at 0.02mg/ml while week 4 recorded the highest value (51.53%). All treatment levels had equal effects on the mice’s rectal temperature, but exposure time had significant effects on the temperature parameter where the grand mean temperature readings significantly varied from 35.55oC in week 2 to 37.47oC in week 5. The weight of mice varied significantly with both treatment (F=16.01, p<0.05) and time (F=5.10, p<0.05) factors. The highest mean weight recorded was 38.37±2.46g at 2.0mg/ml treatment in week 5 thus, the weight of mice increased as lemon grass treatment concentration and exposure time increased. Treatment concentrations significantly affected mice PCV and weight where the control level had the lowest values for these physical parameters. Also, exposure time significantly affected both the temperature and weight of mice. A general fluctuation but decline in feed intake was observed in mice at different treatment levels of methanolic extracts of lemon grass from weeks 1-7. A strong positive significant correlation exists between PCV and feed intake (r= -0.930, p<0.05) as well as between rectal temperature and weight of mice (r= -0.948, p<0.05). PCV and weight had a strong positive correlation though insignificant (r= 0.728, p>0.05). Therefore, lemon grass extract showed trypanocidal efficacy in the control of trypanosomiasis in Africa.
{"title":"Trypanosocidal activity of methanolic extract of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus)","authors":"D. Yandev, J. I. Ngbede, G. C. Abongaby, O. A. Idowu, T. T. Kyernum, P. Adikwu","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the in vitro trypanocidal activity of lemon grass(Cymbopogon citratus) methanolic extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and its bio infectivity in an in vivo study using male albino rat as the experimental animal. Five treatment levels were applied (0.002mg/ml, 0.02mg/ml, 0.2mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml and 0.0mg/ml). Trypanosome was inactive at all treatment levels of lemongrass. PCV was statistically the same at all exposure times whereas the control mice had significantly lower PCV than all treated mice apart from the control, all other treatments gave similar PCV results, but the highest grand mean value (51.87%) was obtained at 0.02mg/ml while week 4 recorded the highest value (51.53%). All treatment levels had equal effects on the mice’s rectal temperature, but exposure time had significant effects on the temperature parameter where the grand mean temperature readings significantly varied from 35.55oC in week 2 to 37.47oC in week 5. The weight of mice varied significantly with both treatment (F=16.01, p<0.05) and time (F=5.10, p<0.05) factors. The highest mean weight recorded was 38.37±2.46g at 2.0mg/ml treatment in week 5 thus, the weight of mice increased as lemon grass treatment concentration and exposure time increased. Treatment concentrations significantly affected mice PCV and weight where the control level had the lowest values for these physical parameters. Also, exposure time significantly affected both the temperature and weight of mice. A general fluctuation but decline in feed intake was observed in mice at different treatment levels of methanolic extracts of lemon grass from weeks 1-7. A strong positive significant correlation exists between PCV and feed intake (r= -0.930, p<0.05) as well as between rectal temperature and weight of mice (r= -0.948, p<0.05). PCV and weight had a strong positive correlation though insignificant (r= 0.728, p>0.05). Therefore, lemon grass extract showed trypanocidal efficacy in the control of trypanosomiasis in Africa.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"31 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many rivers and streams in Nigeria are habitats of freshwater snails. Many of these snails are edible, whereas others are intermediate hosts of various flatworms. Nine rivers and streams from three towns in Ekiti State, Nigeria, were examined for the presence of freshwater snails. Each freshwater habitat was sampled for snails at the designated sites for 15 min on a monthly basis using a 0.2 mm mesh scoop. The collected snails were transported to the laboratory in pre-labelled plastic containers. Two thousand three hundred and thirty-one (2331) freshwater snails were collected from all habitats. Lanistes libycus had the highest population, 1044 (44.8%). The other species were Melanoides tuberculata 550 (23.6%), Bulinus globosus 401 (17.2%), and Potadoma moerchi 336 (14.4%). Freshwater snails were more abundant at the beginning of the rainy season (March-May) than during heavy rainfall (July–October). The environmental conditions of the study area supported the occurrence of these snail species. Although some species of these snails are edible, others can serve as intermediate hosts for parasitic flatworms, which requires urgent attention.
{"title":"Population dynamics of freshwater snails in three towns in Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Olorunniyi, L. K. Olofintoye","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Many rivers and streams in Nigeria are habitats of freshwater snails. Many of these snails are edible, whereas others are intermediate hosts of various flatworms. Nine rivers and streams from three towns in Ekiti State, Nigeria, were examined for the presence of freshwater snails. Each freshwater habitat was sampled for snails at the designated sites for 15 min on a monthly basis using a 0.2 mm mesh scoop. The collected snails were transported to the laboratory in pre-labelled plastic containers. Two thousand three hundred and thirty-one (2331) freshwater snails were collected from all habitats. Lanistes libycus had the highest population, 1044 (44.8%). The other species were Melanoides tuberculata 550 (23.6%), Bulinus globosus 401 (17.2%), and Potadoma moerchi 336 (14.4%). Freshwater snails were more abundant at the beginning of the rainy season (March-May) than during heavy rainfall (July–October). The environmental conditions of the study area supported the occurrence of these snail species. Although some species of these snails are edible, others can serve as intermediate hosts for parasitic flatworms, which requires urgent attention.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"121 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. F. Oparaku, E. S. Okwuonu, C. M. Eze, U. A. Ubaka, N. E. Ezenwaji, F. A. Andong, A. M. C. Isirue, P. C. Ezeamii, C. E. Nnanna
Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) and malaria infections pose serious health risks to the general population and may worsen victims' physical and financial well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of HBV and malaria co-infections during LGA among expectant mothers. This study used a cross-sectional, prospective design. Blood samples were collected from both pregnant and non-pregnant women for parasitological and serological examinations in the study area. This was performed to compare the severity of infections between pregnant and non- pregnant women, as pregnant women are more susceptible to infections. The study included 50 women who attended antenatal care at the time of this project and 10 non-pregnant women who came to the hospitals for check-ups. Samples of people aged 18 to 52 years were collected. Age groups of 18-28 and 40-50 years had the greatest 30(50%) and lowest 8(13%) populations of women screened for malaria and hepatitis B co-infection, respectively. The 1st and 3rd trimesters were followed by the 2nd trimester, which had the highest prevalence. Only the second trimester had a 2% prevalence rate of hepatitis B. Farmers were the group most likely to contract malaria (92%). The percentage of government employees who had malaria and hepatitis B was the highest 20%), followed by traders (5%). Ogrute, the seat of the Local Government had a high rate of malaria infection despite having several medical facilities and less farming activities. Olido (25%), followed by Ogrute (14 point 3%), had the highest rate of co-infection with hepatitis B and malaria. The PCV ranges of 25–27(100%) and 28–30(100%) had the highest prevalence of malaria. This study shows how persistent malaria and hepatitis B are also associated with decreased packed cell volume (PCV) in pregnant women.
{"title":"Co-infections of malaria and hepatitis B among pregnant women in Igbo-Eze North LGA of Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"N. F. Oparaku, E. S. Okwuonu, C. M. Eze, U. A. Ubaka, N. E. Ezenwaji, F. A. Andong, A. M. C. Isirue, P. C. Ezeamii, C. E. Nnanna","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) and malaria infections pose serious health risks to the general population and may worsen victims' physical and financial well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of HBV and malaria co-infections during LGA among expectant mothers. This study used a cross-sectional, prospective design. Blood samples were collected from both pregnant and non-pregnant women for parasitological and serological examinations in the study area. This was performed to compare the severity of infections between pregnant and non- pregnant women, as pregnant women are more susceptible to infections. The study included 50 women who attended antenatal care at the time of this project and 10 non-pregnant women who came to the hospitals for check-ups. Samples of people aged 18 to 52 years were collected. Age groups of 18-28 and 40-50 years had the greatest 30(50%) and lowest 8(13%) populations of women screened for malaria and hepatitis B co-infection, respectively. The 1st and 3rd trimesters were followed by the 2nd trimester, which had the highest prevalence. Only the second trimester had a 2% prevalence rate of hepatitis B. Farmers were the group most likely to contract malaria (92%). The percentage of government employees who had malaria and hepatitis B was the highest 20%), followed by traders (5%). Ogrute, the seat of the Local Government had a high rate of malaria infection despite having several medical facilities and less farming activities. Olido (25%), followed by Ogrute (14 point 3%), had the highest rate of co-infection with hepatitis B and malaria. The PCV ranges of 25–27(100%) and 28–30(100%) had the highest prevalence of malaria. This study shows how persistent malaria and hepatitis B are also associated with decreased packed cell volume (PCV) in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"123 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Luka, O. J. Ajanusi, N. Chiezey, J. O. O. Bale, J. T. Tanko
Radix (Lymnaea) natalensis (Krauss, 1848) is an essential host in the completion of the life cycle of Fasciola gigantica especially in large areas of Africa, where it is reputed to serve as the main, if not the only intermediate of Fasciola. In this study, 18S rDNA gene was employed for the molecular characterization of morphologically identified Radix natalensis collected from Nigerian Northern cities of Gombe and Jos. The obtained result revealed that the amplification of the 18S rDNA gene at 450bp identified and confirmed the collected species as Radix natalensis. BLASTn search showed that sequences of Nigerian isolates of Radix natalensis had high (99-00%) degree of similarities with each other and with other sequence deposits in the NCBI GenBank. The Nigerian sequences on phylogenetic analysis formed a separate clade distinct from other sequences of Radix natalensis from other parts of Africa and the rest of the world, suggestive of clustering based on geographical location. Thus, the availability and confirmation of Radix (Lymnaea) natalensis from the study locations as evidenced by the results of this study further justifies the assertion of Lymnaea natalensis, being a putative intermediate host of Fasciola spp. in Nigeria.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Radix natalensis (Krauss, 1848) from Gombe and Plateau States, Nigeria","authors":"J. Luka, O. J. Ajanusi, N. Chiezey, J. O. O. Bale, J. T. Tanko","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Radix (Lymnaea) natalensis (Krauss, 1848) is an essential host in the completion of the life cycle of Fasciola gigantica especially in large areas of Africa, where it is reputed to serve as the main, if not the only intermediate of Fasciola. In this study, 18S rDNA gene was employed for the molecular characterization of morphologically identified Radix natalensis collected from Nigerian Northern cities of Gombe and Jos. The obtained result revealed that the amplification of the 18S rDNA gene at 450bp identified and confirmed the collected species as Radix natalensis. BLASTn search showed that sequences of Nigerian isolates of Radix natalensis had high (99-00%) degree of similarities with each other and with other sequence deposits in the NCBI GenBank. The Nigerian sequences on phylogenetic analysis formed a separate clade distinct from other sequences of Radix natalensis from other parts of Africa and the rest of the world, suggestive of clustering based on geographical location. Thus, the availability and confirmation of Radix (Lymnaea) natalensis from the study locations as evidenced by the results of this study further justifies the assertion of Lymnaea natalensis, being a putative intermediate host of Fasciola spp. in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. B. Agumah, M. H. Effendi, E. N. Ugbo, A. M. Witaningrum,
There is a growing concern for pig parasites as a bottleneck for low productivity and reduction in the market value of pork meat. Parasite infection is a common problem in organic pig production, which can threaten the food safety of pork products, and cause economic losses to organic farmers. Hence assessing various channels by which these diseases can be transmitted is very important. This study was carried out to ascertain the distribution of intestinal parasites in slurries from a piggery in Enugu, South East Nigeria. In this study, a total of 100 pooled samples were examined from 5 farms. These samples were analyzed using the formol ether concentration technique. Out of 100 pooled samples examined, 67% of the samples were positive for intestinal parasites. The occurrence rate of the different parasites encountered was: Ascaris suum (11.9%), Trichuris suis (10.4%), Taenia solium (7.6%), Strongyloides ransomi (3.0%), Schistosoma sp.(3.0%), Entamoeba suis (28.6%), Entamoeba polecki (1.5%) and Ancylostoma duodenale (20.9%). This study is of utmost importance as findings from this study highlight the presence of various intestinal parasites in effluent slurries. There are prospects of the spread of these slurries from piggeries into the surrounding environment (which includes residential areas, commercial areas and even farmlands). Deworming of pigs to reduce parasite load is highly advocated.
{"title":"Occurrence of intestinal parasites in effluent slurries from piggeries in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"N. B. Agumah, M. H. Effendi, E. N. Ugbo, A. M. Witaningrum,","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing concern for pig parasites as a bottleneck for low productivity and reduction in the market value of pork meat. Parasite infection is a common problem in organic pig production, which can threaten the food safety of pork products, and cause economic losses to organic farmers. Hence assessing various channels by which these diseases can be transmitted is very important. This study was carried out to ascertain the distribution of intestinal parasites in slurries from a piggery in Enugu, South East Nigeria. In this study, a total of 100 pooled samples were examined from 5 farms. These samples were analyzed using the formol ether concentration technique. Out of 100 pooled samples examined, 67% of the samples were positive for intestinal parasites. The occurrence rate of the different parasites encountered was: Ascaris suum (11.9%), Trichuris suis (10.4%), Taenia solium (7.6%), Strongyloides ransomi (3.0%), Schistosoma sp.(3.0%), Entamoeba suis (28.6%), Entamoeba polecki (1.5%) and Ancylostoma duodenale (20.9%). This study is of utmost importance as findings from this study highlight the presence of various intestinal parasites in effluent slurries. There are prospects of the spread of these slurries from piggeries into the surrounding environment (which includes residential areas, commercial areas and even farmlands). Deworming of pigs to reduce parasite load is highly advocated.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. The knowledge, attitude, and practices related to the prevalence of ascariasis among primary school children in Mkpat Enin LGA, Akwa Ibom State, were investigated. Two hundred sixteen faecal samples were examined for ascariasis. Data on socio-demographic and hygiene habits were obtained using a structured questionnaire. The formol-ether sedimentation concentration technique was used to diagnose the ascariasis. Chi-square at a 5 % level of significance was used in assessing the relationship between the prevalence of ascariasis and other variables. The overall prevalence of ascariasis among the pupils was 86.67 %. Prevalence of ascariasis among schools was highest (91.67%) for Primary School, Ikot Ebak, while True Church Primary School, Mkpat Enin, had the lowest (75.00 %) prevalence (p > 0.05). Based on the age distribution, pupils aged 3–5 years had the highest prevalence of ascariasis (92.00 %), while pupils aged 6–9 years had the lowest (84.71 %) prevalence (p > 0.05). Males had a higher (72.22 %) prevalence of ascariasis than females (70.37 %) (p > 0.05). Pupils with good knowledge about ascariasis, positive attitudes towards ascariasis, and good hygienic practices were less infected. There were significant associations between the prevalence of infection and some of the variables of knowledge, attitude, and practices. The high prevalence of ascariasis in the study area could be reduced through health education on proper hygiene habits and regular de- worming exercises.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices in relation to the prevalence of ascariasis among primary school children in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State","authors":"E. Edelduok, B. E. Effiong, L. E. Udofia","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. The knowledge, attitude, and practices related to the prevalence of ascariasis among primary school children in Mkpat Enin LGA, Akwa Ibom State, were investigated. Two hundred sixteen faecal samples were examined for ascariasis. Data on socio-demographic and hygiene habits were obtained using a structured questionnaire. The formol-ether sedimentation concentration technique was used to diagnose the ascariasis. Chi-square at a 5 % level of significance was used in assessing the relationship between the prevalence of ascariasis and other variables. The overall prevalence of ascariasis among the pupils was 86.67 %. Prevalence of ascariasis among schools was highest (91.67%) for Primary School, Ikot Ebak, while True Church Primary School, Mkpat Enin, had the lowest (75.00 %) prevalence (p > 0.05). Based on the age distribution, pupils aged 3–5 years had the highest prevalence of ascariasis (92.00 %), while pupils aged 6–9 years had the lowest (84.71 %) prevalence (p > 0.05). Males had a higher (72.22 %) prevalence of ascariasis than females (70.37 %) (p > 0.05). Pupils with good knowledge about ascariasis, positive attitudes towards ascariasis, and good hygienic practices were less infected. There were significant associations between the prevalence of infection and some of the variables of knowledge, attitude, and practices. The high prevalence of ascariasis in the study area could be reduced through health education on proper hygiene habits and regular de- worming exercises.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. I. Nzeukwu, U. A. Ubaka, E. S. Okwuonu, C. A. Imakwu, C. E. Nnanna, K. C. Irikannu, P. C. Ezeamii, C. B. Ukonze
study on human intestinal helminths was conducted across eight primary schools in Nnewi South LGA, Anambra State. Stool samples were collected from 495 randomly selected pupils and examined using the direct smear technique to determine the prevalence of helminthic infections with predictor variables being regressed against outcome variables. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain biodata from the pupils to assess the association of intestinal helminths with socio-economic variables. The overall percentage of intestinal helminth-infected pupils had no statistical significance (p=0.1294). The probability of the outcome variable occurring rose by approximately 1.18 and 1.15 times for every unit higher in the predictor variable, as indicated by the positive coefficients for S1 and S4 schools (0.164821 and 0.136310). Only Trichuris infection exhibited a negative coefficient (-2.535188) among single infections and was significantly associated (p=0.0249). Ascaris + hookworm and Ascaris + Trichuris infections among the multiple infections revealed negative and positive coefficients (- 9.730077 and 1731.696, respectively), and they were strongly related (p=0.0001 and 0.0000). The number of infected students in (14-18) age range had a positive coefficient (0.020680) and was significantly (p=0.0441) associated with odds ratios of about 1.02, meaning that the odds of the dependent variables increase by about 1.02 times for every unit increase in the independent variable. The proportion of males with the infection displayed positive coefficients (0.980800) and was significantly (p=0.0052) associated with odds ratios of about 2.67, indicating that the likelihood of outcome variables occurring increases by approximately 2.67 times for every unit rise in the predictor variable. Conclusively, the findings observed could be attributed to the poor socio-economic status and poor personal hygiene arising from the lack of basic amenities such as pipe-borne water and other sanitary facilities in the study location. Adequate health education on sanitation, provision of portable drinking water, toilet facilities and mass deworming programmes are highly recommended in the area.
{"title":"Prevalence of human intestinal helminths in Nnewi South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"C. I. Nzeukwu, U. A. Ubaka, E. S. Okwuonu, C. A. Imakwu, C. E. Nnanna, K. C. Irikannu, P. C. Ezeamii, C. B. Ukonze","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"study on human intestinal helminths was conducted across eight primary schools in Nnewi South LGA, Anambra State. Stool samples were collected from 495 randomly selected pupils and examined using the direct smear technique to determine the prevalence of helminthic infections with predictor variables being regressed against outcome variables. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain biodata from the pupils to assess the association of intestinal helminths with socio-economic variables. The overall percentage of intestinal helminth-infected pupils had no statistical significance (p=0.1294). The probability of the outcome variable occurring rose by approximately 1.18 and 1.15 times for every unit higher in the predictor variable, as indicated by the positive coefficients for S1 and S4 schools (0.164821 and 0.136310). Only Trichuris infection exhibited a negative coefficient (-2.535188) among single infections and was significantly associated (p=0.0249). Ascaris + hookworm and Ascaris + Trichuris infections among the multiple infections revealed negative and positive coefficients (- 9.730077 and 1731.696, respectively), and they were strongly related (p=0.0001 and 0.0000). The number of infected students in (14-18) age range had a positive coefficient (0.020680) and was significantly (p=0.0441) associated with odds ratios of about 1.02, meaning that the odds of the dependent variables increase by about 1.02 times for every unit increase in the independent variable. The proportion of males with the infection displayed positive coefficients (0.980800) and was significantly (p=0.0052) associated with odds ratios of about 2.67, indicating that the likelihood of outcome variables occurring increases by approximately 2.67 times for every unit rise in the predictor variable. Conclusively, the findings observed could be attributed to the poor socio-economic status and poor personal hygiene arising from the lack of basic amenities such as pipe-borne water and other sanitary facilities in the study location. Adequate health education on sanitation, provision of portable drinking water, toilet facilities and mass deworming programmes are highly recommended in the area.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. O. Anorue, I. O. Onyali, I. N. Anyanwu, C. J. Nweke, O. J. Okesanya
Schistosomiasis, an NTD, poses public health problems for rural communities. The parameters controlling its intermediate hosts are scarcely studied. 24 human-water contacts were sampled for 12 months to understand the impacts of water parameters on the vector. Sampling was done by monthly handpicking of the snail vector with a net to analyze the water parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, depth, and rainfall). 546 snails recovered from the water sites showed that Bulinus globosus had the highest occurrence (50.5%), followed by Lanistes varicus (27.7%), and Bulinus truncatus species (3.7%). Ohaukwu LGA recorded the highest occurrence of freshwater snails at 55.3%, while Amovu stream had the highest number of snails with an overall abundance of 35.9%. May had the highest cercariae shedding at 26%, followed by June at 20%. No shedding occurred in September, November, December, and January. The infectivity rate of freshwater snails collected showed a significant difference based on the month (X2=6590.079, p- value=0.006). The study reveals that water physicochemical parameters significantly influence the abundance of intermediate snail hosts, with all parameters positively correlated except for temperature, conductivity, and TDS. This poses a significant public health threat due to vector snails' presence.
{"title":"Impacts of water physicochemical parameters on schistosomiasis vector snail distributional-abundance and infectivity rate in South-Eastern Nigeria.","authors":"C. O. Anorue, I. O. Onyali, I. N. Anyanwu, C. J. Nweke, O. J. Okesanya","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis, an NTD, poses public health problems for rural communities. The parameters controlling its intermediate hosts are scarcely studied. 24 human-water contacts were sampled for 12 months to understand the impacts of water parameters on the vector. Sampling was done by monthly handpicking of the snail vector with a net to analyze the water parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, depth, and rainfall). 546 snails recovered from the water sites showed that Bulinus globosus had the highest occurrence (50.5%), followed by Lanistes varicus (27.7%), and Bulinus truncatus species (3.7%). Ohaukwu LGA recorded the highest occurrence of freshwater snails at 55.3%, while Amovu stream had the highest number of snails with an overall abundance of 35.9%. May had the highest cercariae shedding at 26%, followed by June at 20%. No shedding occurred in September, November, December, and January. The infectivity rate of freshwater snails collected showed a significant difference based on the month (X2=6590.079, p- value=0.006). The study reveals that water physicochemical parameters significantly influence the abundance of intermediate snail hosts, with all parameters positively correlated except for temperature, conductivity, and TDS. This poses a significant public health threat due to vector snails' presence.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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