H. Hooshyar, M. Akhavan Taheri, T. Mazoochi, B. Shahabi Ghahfarokhi
Sarcocystis is one of the most prevalent protozoan parasites that infect many domestic and wild animals worldwide. Ruminants as one of the sources of meat products for the human are exposed to contamination with these parasites. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered ruminants, using the histology method in the Kashan region, central Iran. In this cross- sectional study, 96 heart muscle samples, including 29 samples from cattle, 36 from sheep, and 31 from camel (approximately 5-10 g in weight), were randomly collected from the slaughterhouse of Kashan. The samples were subsequently, preserved in 10% formalin for histological processing and staining using haematoxylin and eosin stain. In total, Sarcocystis cyst was found in 72 (75 %) out of 96 animal heart samples. The prevalence of Sarcocystis infection was 100%, 97.2%, and 25.8% in cattle, sheep, and camel, respectively. The present study showed a high prevalence of infection to Sarcocystis in ruminants slaughtered in Kashan similar to another region of Iran. So, the conduct of preventive measures for the reduction of animal infection is recommended.
{"title":"Prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in meat-producing ruminants in Kashan, Central Iran.","authors":"H. Hooshyar, M. Akhavan Taheri, T. Mazoochi, B. Shahabi Ghahfarokhi","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcocystis is one of the most prevalent protozoan parasites that infect many domestic and wild animals worldwide. Ruminants as one of the sources of meat products for the human are exposed to contamination with these parasites. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered ruminants, using the histology method in the Kashan region, central Iran. In this cross- sectional study, 96 heart muscle samples, including 29 samples from cattle, 36 from sheep, and 31 from camel (approximately 5-10 g in weight), were randomly collected from the slaughterhouse of Kashan. The samples were subsequently, preserved in 10% formalin for histological processing and staining using haematoxylin and eosin stain. In total, Sarcocystis cyst was found in 72 (75 %) out of 96 animal heart samples. The prevalence of Sarcocystis infection was 100%, 97.2%, and 25.8% in cattle, sheep, and camel, respectively. The present study showed a high prevalence of infection to Sarcocystis in ruminants slaughtered in Kashan similar to another region of Iran. So, the conduct of preventive measures for the reduction of animal infection is recommended.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dawet, C. Golnaan, K. Yusuf, E.T. Lengnen, N. B. Kamji, D. Yakubu
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries and in sub-Saharan Africa where most malaria cases and deaths occur. The resistance of malaria parasites to most anti-malaria drugs, coupled with the high cost and the toxic effects of some drugs has posed a challenge for the search of new effective anti-malarial compounds of low cost. The study aims to determine the antiplasmodial activity of Curcuma longa against Plasmodium berghei in rodents. A total of 110 Swiss albino mice weighing 18-30 grams were used for the study: 35 for the toxicity test and 75 for the antimalarial study. For each test, 25 mice were inoculated with drug-sensitive Nk65 Plasmodium berghei and divided into five groups of five animals each and each group was administered one of the following: 120mg/kg of ethanol extract, 120mg/kg water extract, 120mg/kg nHexane extracts of C. longa, 1.2mg/kg of pyrimethamine or 5mg/kg of Chloroquine (positive control) and 0.2mls of normal saline (negative control). The lethal dose concentration was above 1500mg/kg and the extracts showed significant (P<0.05) antimalarial activity with the highest percentage inhibition (67.49%) recorded in the group treated with ethanol in the curative test, followed by the group given water in the suppressive test with (65.03%) and nHexane in the prophylactic test with percentage inhibition of 64.98%. There was a slight difference in the antimalarial activities of the extracts of different solvents which all had lower activities compared with the standard drugs (Chloroquine administered at 5mg/kg or pyrimethamine, 1.2mg/kg/day) but no total clearance of the parasite was recorded. C. longa possesses considerable antiplasmodial activity, which can be exploited in malaria therapy.
{"title":"Evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of Curcuma longa (turmeric - Zingiberaceae) on Plasmodium berghei in laboratory mice.","authors":"A. Dawet, C. Golnaan, K. Yusuf, E.T. Lengnen, N. B. Kamji, D. Yakubu","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries and in sub-Saharan Africa where most malaria cases and deaths occur. The resistance of malaria parasites to most anti-malaria drugs, coupled with the high cost and the toxic effects of some drugs has posed a challenge for the search of new effective anti-malarial compounds of low cost. The study aims to determine the antiplasmodial activity of Curcuma longa against Plasmodium berghei in rodents. A total of 110 Swiss albino mice weighing 18-30 grams were used for the study: 35 for the toxicity test and 75 for the antimalarial study. For each test, 25 mice were inoculated with drug-sensitive Nk65 Plasmodium berghei and divided into five groups of five animals each and each group was administered one of the following: 120mg/kg of ethanol extract, 120mg/kg water extract, 120mg/kg nHexane extracts of C. longa, 1.2mg/kg of pyrimethamine or 5mg/kg of Chloroquine (positive control) and 0.2mls of normal saline (negative control). The lethal dose concentration was above 1500mg/kg and the extracts showed significant (P<0.05) antimalarial activity with the highest percentage inhibition (67.49%) recorded in the group treated with ethanol in the curative test, followed by the group given water in the suppressive test with (65.03%) and nHexane in the prophylactic test with percentage inhibition of 64.98%. There was a slight difference in the antimalarial activities of the extracts of different solvents which all had lower activities compared with the standard drugs (Chloroquine administered at 5mg/kg or pyrimethamine, 1.2mg/kg/day) but no total clearance of the parasite was recorded. C. longa possesses considerable antiplasmodial activity, which can be exploited in malaria therapy.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"135 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Ukibe, T. Ogbonna, S. N. Ushie, I. Ekejindu, I. N. Aghanya, I. S. Anagor, D. Ezeagwuna, I. M. Akuakolam, K. A. Amah
Urinary schistosomiasis is one of the parasitic diseases of public health importance in Nigeria. This cross-sectional, prospective study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis in school children at Umuikwu-Anam, Anambra West LGA, Anambra state, Nigeria. A total of 232 children aged 7-14 years (Males 127, Females 105) were recruited into the study through systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain sociodemographic data with the help of their teachers and mothers. Urine samples were collected in clean universal bottles and packaged in ice packs and were taken to the Parasitology Laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi for analysis. Haematuria was tested using Combi-9 test strips. Microscopic examination of urine sample was done for ova of S. haematobium. Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) test was also employed as a diagnostic tool. The results showed that out of 232 children tested, 17 (7.3%) were positive for eggs. Out of 127 males, 12 (9.4%) were positive while 5 of the 105 females (4.8%) were positive. Children aged 13-14 years were significantly more affected than other age groups (P<0.05) Male children were significantly more affected than females (P<0.05). Children who visited the streams more often were more affected than others (P<0.05). Sixteen (16) out of 232(6.9%) children tested positive to CCA test. The study concludes that urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent in the study area and was significantly influenced by socioenvironmental factors. Further studies are suggested.
{"title":"Epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis in school children at Umuikwu-Anam, Anambra West LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"S. N. Ukibe, T. Ogbonna, S. N. Ushie, I. Ekejindu, I. N. Aghanya, I. S. Anagor, D. Ezeagwuna, I. M. Akuakolam, K. A. Amah","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary schistosomiasis is one of the parasitic diseases of public health importance in Nigeria. This cross-sectional, prospective study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis in school children at Umuikwu-Anam, Anambra West LGA, Anambra state, Nigeria. A total of 232 children aged 7-14 years (Males 127, Females 105) were recruited into the study through systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain sociodemographic data with the help of their teachers and mothers. Urine samples were collected in clean universal bottles and packaged in ice packs and were taken to the Parasitology Laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi for analysis. Haematuria was tested using Combi-9 test strips. Microscopic examination of urine sample was done for ova of S. haematobium. Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) test was also employed as a diagnostic tool. The results showed that out of 232 children tested, 17 (7.3%) were positive for eggs. Out of 127 males, 12 (9.4%) were positive while 5 of the 105 females (4.8%) were positive. Children aged 13-14 years were significantly more affected than other age groups (P<0.05) Male children were significantly more affected than females (P<0.05). Children who visited the streams more often were more affected than others (P<0.05). Sixteen (16) out of 232(6.9%) children tested positive to CCA test. The study concludes that urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent in the study area and was significantly influenced by socioenvironmental factors. Further studies are suggested.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"133 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Azuamah, U. I. Nwabueze, A. N. Amadi, W. Braide
Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite responsible for most malarial infections in Nigeria. Malaria is the most widespread parasitic infectious disease in the world. This study aimed to determine the effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on the amplitude of accommodation (AA) in young adults. The study was a prospective laboratory and clinical study carried out at the Madonna University Teaching Hospital Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. Young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 years were included in this study. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects to participate in the study. To confirm the presence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection, preliminary tests including case history, external and internal eye examination, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction were performed to determine subjects who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The amplitude of accommodation using the push-up method was measured just before treatment and two weeks after recovery from malaria infection. Results show that the mean AA during malaria infection was 7.25±1.73D and 9.03±1.72D after recovery; showing a mean difference of -1.78D (24.55%). This reduction in AA during malaria infection was found to be statistically significant (t(119) = -33.3, p(0.00)˂0.05) when tested using the paired sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05.
恶性疟原虫是造成尼日利亚大多数疟疾感染的寄生虫。疟疾是世界上最普遍的寄生性传染病。本研究旨在确定恶性疟原虫疟疾感染对青壮年体温调节幅度（AA）的影响。该研究是一项前瞻性实验室和临床研究，在尼日利亚河流州的麦当娜大学埃莱勒教学医院进行。研究对象为 18 至 35 岁的青壮年。研究对象在知情的情况下同意参与研究。为确认是否感染恶性疟原虫疟疾，研究人员对符合纳入和排除标准的受试者进行了初步检查，包括病史、眼部外部和内部检查、视网膜镜检查和主观屈光度检查。在治疗前和疟疾感染痊愈两周后，采用俯卧撑法测量了患者的视力调节幅度。结果显示，疟疾感染期间的平均屈光度为 7.25±1.73D，康复后为 9.03±1.72D，平均相差-1.78D（24.55%）。在 0.05 的显著性水平下使用配对样本 t 检验，发现疟疾感染期间 AA 的减少具有统计学意义（t(119) = -33.3，p(0.00)˂0.05）。
{"title":"Effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on the amplitude of accommodation of young adults in Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Azuamah, U. I. Nwabueze, A. N. Amadi, W. Braide","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite responsible for most malarial infections in Nigeria. Malaria is the most widespread parasitic infectious disease in the world. This study aimed to determine the effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on the amplitude of accommodation (AA) in young adults. The study was a prospective laboratory and clinical study carried out at the Madonna University Teaching Hospital Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. Young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 years were included in this study. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects to participate in the study. To confirm the presence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection, preliminary tests including case history, external and internal eye examination, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction were performed to determine subjects who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The amplitude of accommodation using the push-up method was measured just before treatment and two weeks after recovery from malaria infection. Results show that the mean AA during malaria infection was 7.25±1.73D and 9.03±1.72D after recovery; showing a mean difference of -1.78D (24.55%). This reduction in AA during malaria infection was found to be statistically significant (t(119) = -33.3, p(0.00)˂0.05) when tested using the paired sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"105 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from December 2021 to May 2022. The goal was to determine the effect of Toxoplasma gondii on liver function by examining the relationship between Toxoplasma infection and hormones. One hundred and twenty male patients with Chronic liver disease (CLD) (age:14-75 years) and 120 control males (age: 24-70 years) participated in this study. Serum samples were taken from all individuals and were then analysed for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Hormonal tests were conducted for all participants which included (Cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, insulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH). Biochemical tests included (Prothrombin time PT, international normalized ratio INR and albumin); liver enzymes evaluated were (aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase ALP and gamma-glutamyl transferase GGT) and interleukins (Interleukin 13 IL-13 and transforming growth factor TGF). According to the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies results, 32 (26% of the control group) of the participants tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, compared to 60 (50%) of the CLD patients. Four sub-groups were formed in response to prior results: Control-Toxoplasma positive, control-Toxoplasma negative, CLD-Toxoplasma positive and CLD-Toxoplasma negative. The seropositive status of T. gondii did not affect the following hormones: cortisol, testosterone,insulin and TSH while it was related significantly to prolactin. The results of liver enzymes showed that T. gondii positive status was significantly related to all enzymes among CLD patients except the GGT enzyme T. gondii positive status was not correlated with the other biochemical (PT, INR, and albumin) and immunological parameters (IL-13 and TGF).
{"title":"Evaluation of hormones and other biochemical parameters among chronic liver disease patients infected with Toxoplasma gondii.","authors":"B. A. Fingan, H. Al-warid, H. J. Al-Sultan","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from December 2021 to May 2022. The goal was to determine the effect of Toxoplasma gondii on liver function by examining the relationship between Toxoplasma infection and hormones. One hundred and twenty male patients with Chronic liver disease (CLD) (age:14-75 years) and 120 control males (age: 24-70 years) participated in this study. Serum samples were taken from all individuals and were then analysed for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Hormonal tests were conducted for all participants which included (Cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, insulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH). Biochemical tests included (Prothrombin time PT, international normalized ratio INR and albumin); liver enzymes evaluated were (aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase ALP and gamma-glutamyl transferase GGT) and interleukins (Interleukin 13 IL-13 and transforming growth factor TGF). According to the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies results, 32 (26% of the control group) of the participants tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, compared to 60 (50%) of the CLD patients. Four sub-groups were formed in response to prior results: Control-Toxoplasma positive, control-Toxoplasma negative, CLD-Toxoplasma positive and CLD-Toxoplasma negative. The seropositive status of T. gondii did not affect the following hormones: cortisol, testosterone,insulin and TSH while it was related significantly to prolactin. The results of liver enzymes showed that T. gondii positive status was significantly related to all enzymes among CLD patients except the GGT enzyme T. gondii positive status was not correlated with the other biochemical (PT, INR, and albumin) and immunological parameters (IL-13 and TGF).","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"67 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. I. Aguh, Z. R. Sani, A. A. Agba, A. Mohammed, V. C. Ukwaja
Hepatitis B is a viral hepatitis of global public health concern causing inflammation, liver damage, and occasionally cancer. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among truck drivers and their assistants towards guiding health campaigns aimed at its possible eradication. This was a cross-sectional study that included 264 consenting adult male truckers and assistants aged 19–70 years recruited from large truck transit parks in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The data collection spanned three months from December 2022 to February 2023. All participants completed a questionnaire to assess their risk of exposure and were screened for hepatitis B virus. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 20.8% in the study participants. Truck assistants were 2.4 times (p-value <0.01) more likely to be HBV positive than the actual drivers. Unprotected multiple sex (p-value = 0.00; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.40 – 5.43), family history of HBV infection (p-value < 0.01; AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.62 – 7.49) and sharing of personal hygiene items (p-value < 0.01; AOR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.58 – 9.35) were statistically significant risk factor for contracting HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus positivity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, education, and marital statuses of the participants. This study unravelled high prevalence of HBV in the study population. The population being a highly mobile one calls for concern as it could be a vehicle for the disease's rapid transmission. Therefore, more resources should be apportioned to scale upinterventions such as vaccination, rigorous test campaigns and increasing capacity to deliver effective treatments.
{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity and its associated risk factors among large truck drivers and their assistants in Zamfara State, Nigeria.","authors":"B. I. Aguh, Z. R. Sani, A. A. Agba, A. Mohammed, V. C. Ukwaja","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v45i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B is a viral hepatitis of global public health concern causing inflammation, liver damage, and occasionally cancer. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among truck drivers and their assistants towards guiding health campaigns aimed at its possible eradication. This was a cross-sectional study that included 264 consenting adult male truckers and assistants aged 19–70 years recruited from large truck transit parks in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The data collection spanned three months from December 2022 to February 2023. All participants completed a questionnaire to assess their risk of exposure and were screened for hepatitis B virus. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 20.8% in the study participants. Truck assistants were 2.4 times (p-value <0.01) more likely to be HBV positive than the actual drivers. Unprotected multiple sex (p-value = 0.00; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.40 – 5.43), family history of HBV infection (p-value < 0.01; AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.62 – 7.49) and sharing of personal hygiene items (p-value < 0.01; AOR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.58 – 9.35) were statistically significant risk factor for contracting HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus positivity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, education, and marital statuses of the participants. This study unravelled high prevalence of HBV in the study population. The population being a highly mobile one calls for concern as it could be a vehicle for the disease's rapid transmission. Therefore, more resources should be apportioned to scale upinterventions such as vaccination, rigorous test campaigns and increasing capacity to deliver effective treatments.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria is the most common cause of fever in travellers returning from malaria-endemic areas. Imported malaria can hinder the progress of elimination programs. In the present study, we describe an imported malaria case in a 45-year-old Iranian man from Ivory Coast who had returned to Iran after taking annual leave. He was hospitalized in Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital, Qom, central Iran, in January 2023. Symptoms were fever, chills, sweating, cough, myalgia, sweating, anorexia, diarrhoea, and headache. Rapid detection test and blood smears were positive for Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte. The patient was treated with an antimalarial drug and discharged from the hospital with normal vital signs. Health education is recommended for people before leaving and screening after returning from travel. In addition, using RDT tests for screening people who return to the country is suggested to health staff and organizations.
{"title":"A Short Communication: An Imported Case of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Infection from Ivory Coast leave to Iran","authors":"M.R. Shiee, M. Kalae, M. Arbabi, H. Hooshyar","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v44i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is the most common cause of fever in travellers returning from malaria-endemic areas. Imported malaria can hinder the progress of elimination programs. In the present study, we describe an imported malaria case in a 45-year-old Iranian man from Ivory Coast who had returned to Iran after taking annual leave. He was hospitalized in Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital, Qom, central Iran, in January 2023. Symptoms were fever, chills, sweating, cough, myalgia, sweating, anorexia, diarrhoea, and headache. Rapid detection test and blood smears were positive for Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte. The patient was treated with an antimalarial drug and discharged from the hospital with normal vital signs. Health education is recommended for people before leaving and screening after returning from travel. In addition, using RDT tests for screening people who return to the country is suggested to health staff and organizations. ","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140513662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Across-sectional research, aimed at evaluating artemisinin drug resistance in falciparum malaria patients attending selected health facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria, was done between July 2019 and March 2020. The selected hospitals were Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Model Primary Health Centre (MPHC), Iriebe, all in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study population was 1000 subjects with an overall malaria prevalence of 25.5%, the number of enrolled participants from RSUTH was 494 with the highest infection rate of 32.5%, 300 from UPTH which had the least (11%) prevalence, while 206 were from MPHC, Iriebe with 29.6% prevalence accordingly. Blood samples were collected from these subjects by phlebotomy method. Plasmodium falciparum parasite was determined by microscopy using thick and thin blood films stained with Giemsa staining technique. Artemisinin resistance markers were assessed using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. The study population consisted of children, pregnant women, and other adults of both sexes. Out of the forty-seven isolates assayed for K13 and ATPase 6 genes, who carried the artemisinin-sensitive wild-type allele, none of these isolates exhibited both ATPase 6 and Kelch -13 resistance genes/mutations hence no single nucleotide polymorphism was observed. This suggests that this part of the country is not under the threat of artemisinin resistance. However, this should not undermine the need for continuous monitoring and surveillance of the response of P. falciparum to Artemisinin and Artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs) in River State.
{"title":"Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum Resistance to Artemisinin Among Attendees of Selected Health Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"C.P. Nwibani, O. Azuonwu, S. Abbey, G. Wokem","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v44i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Across-sectional research, aimed at evaluating artemisinin drug resistance in falciparum malaria patients attending selected health facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria, was done between July 2019 and March 2020. The selected hospitals were Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Model Primary Health Centre (MPHC), Iriebe, all in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study population was 1000 subjects with an overall malaria prevalence of 25.5%, the number of enrolled participants from RSUTH was 494 with the highest infection rate of 32.5%, 300 from UPTH which had the least (11%) prevalence, while 206 were from MPHC, Iriebe with 29.6% prevalence accordingly. Blood samples were collected from these subjects by phlebotomy method. Plasmodium falciparum parasite was determined by microscopy using thick and thin blood films stained with Giemsa staining technique. Artemisinin resistance markers were assessed using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. The study population consisted of children, pregnant women, and other adults of both sexes. Out of the forty-seven isolates assayed for K13 and ATPase 6 genes, who carried the artemisinin-sensitive wild-type allele, none of these isolates exhibited both ATPase 6 and Kelch -13 resistance genes/mutations hence no single nucleotide polymorphism was observed. This suggests that this part of the country is not under the threat of artemisinin resistance. However, this should not undermine the need for continuous monitoring and surveillance of the response of P. falciparum to Artemisinin and Artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs) in River State. ","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46963733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.L. Omenesa, D. Dibal, A. M. Abba, A. I. Oyong, Z. Umar, E. Kereakede
In developing nations, anaemia is one of the most prevalent medical conditions. It has long been known that parasite infection during pregnancy is one of the main causes of anaemia and an elevated risk of maternal mortality. To ascertain the prevalence and risk factors related to parasite infections and anaemia among pregnant women receiving prenatal care in some selected public health facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria, an eleven-month cross- sectional study of 180 consenting pregnant women was conducted from February to December 2017. A standardized questionnaire was used to interview the sampled pregnant women. Stool and blood samples of each consented pregnant woman were collected. Formal-ether sedimentation technique, thin and thick blood smears and haematocrit packed cell volume capillary methods were used to screen intestinal helminth parasites, plasmodium species and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) respectively. The result obtained showed parasitic infections prevalence of 102(56.7%) among the study population. Prevalence of Plasmodium species, hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and those with co-infection all occurred at 47.2%, 16.7%, 17.8% and 25.0% respectively. Age, educational level, trimester and parity were all significant predictors of Plasmodium species prevalence (p<0.005). Similarly, parity and educational level were significantly (p<0.005) associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites and co-infection. Anaemia was present in 40.0% of the examined pregnant women. Trimester and educational level were highly significant (p<0.001) predictors of anaemia among the sampled pregnant women. Plasmodium species were the most common parasitic species associated with anaemia as 43.1% of Plasmodium species-infected pregnant women had anaemia compared to those with intestinal helminth infection (30.6%) and co-infection (13.3%). However, statistical analysis revealed a significant association (p<0.05) between the prevalence of anaemia and intestinal helminth infection. Therefore, measures such as improved sanitation and health education are needed to lessen the prevalence of parasitic infections and parasite-related anaemia in the study area.
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for prenatal parasitic infections and anaemia among pregnant women in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"R.L. Omenesa, D. Dibal, A. M. Abba, A. I. Oyong, Z. Umar, E. Kereakede","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v44i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"In developing nations, anaemia is one of the most prevalent medical conditions. It has long been known that parasite infection during pregnancy is one of the main causes of anaemia and an elevated risk of maternal mortality. To ascertain the prevalence and risk factors related to parasite infections and anaemia among pregnant women receiving prenatal care in some selected public health facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria, an eleven-month cross- sectional study of 180 consenting pregnant women was conducted from February to December 2017. A standardized questionnaire was used to interview the sampled pregnant women. Stool and blood samples of each consented pregnant woman were collected. Formal-ether sedimentation technique, thin and thick blood smears and haematocrit packed cell volume capillary methods were used to screen intestinal helminth parasites, plasmodium species and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) respectively. The result obtained showed parasitic infections prevalence of 102(56.7%) among the study population. Prevalence of Plasmodium species, hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and those with co-infection all occurred at 47.2%, 16.7%, 17.8% and 25.0% respectively. Age, educational level, trimester and parity were all significant predictors of Plasmodium species prevalence (p<0.005). Similarly, parity and educational level were significantly (p<0.005) associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites and co-infection. Anaemia was present in 40.0% of the examined pregnant women. Trimester and educational level were highly significant (p<0.001) predictors of anaemia among the sampled pregnant women. Plasmodium species were the most common parasitic species associated with anaemia as 43.1% of Plasmodium species-infected pregnant women had anaemia compared to those with intestinal helminth infection (30.6%) and co-infection (13.3%). However, statistical analysis revealed a significant association (p<0.05) between the prevalence of anaemia and intestinal helminth infection. Therefore, measures such as improved sanitation and health education are needed to lessen the prevalence of parasitic infections and parasite-related anaemia in the study area. ","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41647207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. I. Obadiah, O. Byanet, M. Okoh, M. Ogbole, A.H. Vambe, V. Ede, U.L. Asuwe, J.P. Igbe, M. Yina, V.O. Onum, C.E. Odaji, J.Z. Imoni, B.E. Okopi, A.M. Igbalumun, K.M. Ikyausu, B. Atu, E. Omudu
Sarcocystosis is a neglected food-borne disease, which affects domesticated and commercialized animals such as cattle, pigs and goats and is of public health concern. This study was carried out during the dry season, to investigate the prevalence of Sarcocystis species in Benue State. One thousand two hundred (1200) tissue samples, comprising of tongue, oesophagus, heart and skeletal muscle were collected randomly from five hundred (500) cattle, five hundred (500) goats and two hundred (200) pigs, respectively. Their ages ranged from <2 to > 2 years, both males and females. A gross examination of the four organs was performed to detect macrocysts. The samples were subsequently, preserved in 10% formalin for histological processing and staining using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The processed tissues were examined under a microscope, to detect microcysts. The results showed that there were no macrocysts in the tissues by observation with the naked eye. However, microscopic results showed Sarcocysts shapes of two distinct types: elongated or fusiform and oval with high intensity of up to 17 cysts in a sample. Of the 1200 tissues, 220 (18.33%) were infected with Sarcocystis species. The infection rate in the animals showed that cattle and goats were 91 (18.20%) each and pigs 38 (19.00%), with no significant difference (P=0.97). Also, there was no significant difference in sex, tissues, breed, and location (P>0.05), but the infection was significantly associated with the age of the animals (P<0.05) when analysed generally. Parameters such as location in cattle and pigs (P=0.04) and age in goats (0.0002) were significantly associated with infection. The results indicate that Sarcocystisspecies infection is widely distributed in animals slaughtered for meat in Benue State. We, therefore, suggest that further studies on molecular analysis be conducted to identify species of Sarcocystis that may be of economic and zoonotic importance, to provide better control strategies in this region.
{"title":"Prevalence of Sarcocystis Species in Naturally Infected Ruminants and Pigs in Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"H. I. Obadiah, O. Byanet, M. Okoh, M. Ogbole, A.H. Vambe, V. Ede, U.L. Asuwe, J.P. Igbe, M. Yina, V.O. Onum, C.E. Odaji, J.Z. Imoni, B.E. Okopi, A.M. Igbalumun, K.M. Ikyausu, B. Atu, E. Omudu","doi":"10.4314/njpar.v44i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcocystosis is a neglected food-borne disease, which affects domesticated and commercialized animals such as cattle, pigs and goats and is of public health concern. This study was carried out during the dry season, to investigate the prevalence of Sarcocystis species in Benue State. One thousand two hundred (1200) tissue samples, comprising of tongue, oesophagus, heart and skeletal muscle were collected randomly from five hundred (500) cattle, five hundred (500) goats and two hundred (200) pigs, respectively. Their ages ranged from <2 to > 2 years, both males and females. A gross examination of the four organs was performed to detect macrocysts. The samples were subsequently, preserved in 10% formalin for histological processing and staining using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The processed tissues were examined under a microscope, to detect microcysts. The results showed that there were no macrocysts in the tissues by observation with the naked eye. However, microscopic results showed Sarcocysts shapes of two distinct types: elongated or fusiform and oval with high intensity of up to 17 cysts in a sample. Of the 1200 tissues, 220 (18.33%) were infected with Sarcocystis species. The infection rate in the animals showed that cattle and goats were 91 (18.20%) each and pigs 38 (19.00%), with no significant difference (P=0.97). Also, there was no significant difference in sex, tissues, breed, and location (P>0.05), but the infection was significantly associated with the age of the animals (P<0.05) when analysed generally. Parameters such as location in cattle and pigs (P=0.04) and age in goats (0.0002) were significantly associated with infection. The results indicate that Sarcocystisspecies infection is widely distributed in animals slaughtered for meat in Benue State. We, therefore, suggest that further studies on molecular analysis be conducted to identify species of Sarcocystis that may be of economic and zoonotic importance, to provide better control strategies in this region.","PeriodicalId":19206,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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