Human error is the main cause of a high percentage of maritime accidents1). In many cases it is difficult to resolve human factors as cause of accident and necessary improvements. And one of the significances of the autonomous ship development is considered as complementing the human factor by the machine and possibility to reduce workload of officers and engineers onboard. In this report, we focused on the workload estimation method for maritime engineer under quasi-real (simulation) condition. In an attempt to develop proposals of maritime engineer workload estimation by objective evaluation using VACP method and heart rate data comparing subjective evaluation NASA-TLX, we firstly studied the difference of participant’s biological reaction during black out situation. VACP workload scale was modified for maritime engineer situation and workload assessment was carried out by recorded video and audio data. The result of VACP evaluation and heart rate data had certain extend of correlation, and comparison of NASA-TLX showed that the proposed method was worth to estimate maritime engineer workload.
{"title":"A Study of Workload Estimation for Maritime EngineerUsing VACP Method and Heart Rate","authors":"Tatsuro Ishida, T. Miwa, Makoto Uchida","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.32.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.32.269","url":null,"abstract":"Human error is the main cause of a high percentage of maritime accidents1). In many cases it is difficult to resolve human factors as cause of accident and necessary improvements. And one of the significances of the autonomous ship development is considered as complementing the human factor by the machine and possibility to reduce workload of officers and engineers onboard. In this report, we focused on the workload estimation method for maritime engineer under quasi-real (simulation) condition. In an attempt to develop proposals of maritime engineer workload estimation by objective evaluation using VACP method and heart rate data comparing subjective evaluation NASA-TLX, we firstly studied the difference of participant’s biological reaction during black out situation. VACP workload scale was modified for maritime engineer situation and workload assessment was carried out by recorded video and audio data. The result of VACP evaluation and heart rate data had certain extend of correlation, and comparison of NASA-TLX showed that the proposed method was worth to estimate maritime engineer workload.","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126875550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2012, a mooring line of the semi-submersible “ Deepsea Atlantic ” that had been operating at Gullfaks South Field in the North Sea was broken. A JIP team investigated causes of the accident in Norway and reported that the accident occurred due to the combination of viscous wave drift force and anomalous wave. Until now, potential wave drift force has been used in the mooring design for semi-submersible but viscous wave drift force has not been taken into consideration. Generally, in the frequency band where the wave length is long, the ratio of potential wave drift force is small among wave drift forces acting on the floating body, while viscous wave drift force becomes dominant. In a structure of which splash zone has a short diameter, such as a column of semi-submersible, the wave length is long compared to the column, and the viscous wave drift force acts remarkably. In this paper, we demonstrated a method for a moored semi-submersible to estimate the viscous wave drift force in irregular waves. Then, the validity of a simulation model was verified by comparing the result of numerical simulation and the result of model test. In addition, with regard to the safety evaluation of mooring force, we repeated Monte Carlo simulations using the same simulation model, and investigated the influence of number of samples and duration on the prediction of the extreme value of mooring force using different methods for extreme value statistical analysis.
{"title":"A Study on Viscous Wave Drift Force on Semi-submersible and Prediction of The Extreme Value of Mooring Force","authors":"K. Yukawa, S. Kato","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.59","url":null,"abstract":"In 2012, a mooring line of the semi-submersible “ Deepsea Atlantic ” that had been operating at Gullfaks South Field in the North Sea was broken. A JIP team investigated causes of the accident in Norway and reported that the accident occurred due to the combination of viscous wave drift force and anomalous wave. Until now, potential wave drift force has been used in the mooring design for semi-submersible but viscous wave drift force has not been taken into consideration. Generally, in the frequency band where the wave length is long, the ratio of potential wave drift force is small among wave drift forces acting on the floating body, while viscous wave drift force becomes dominant. In a structure of which splash zone has a short diameter, such as a column of semi-submersible, the wave length is long compared to the column, and the viscous wave drift force acts remarkably. In this paper, we demonstrated a method for a moored semi-submersible to estimate the viscous wave drift force in irregular waves. Then, the validity of a simulation model was verified by comparing the result of numerical simulation and the result of model test. In addition, with regard to the safety evaluation of mooring force, we repeated Monte Carlo simulations using the same simulation model, and investigated the influence of number of samples and duration on the prediction of the extreme value of mooring force using different methods for extreme value statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121758664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Roll Response Model during Maneuvering","authors":"D. Terada, H. Yasukawa, Y. Yoshimura, M. Matsuda","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shunka C. Hirao, T. Fujiwara, Akihiro Okamoto, H. Sekiguchi, Motonobu Imasato, M. Sasano
The maneuvering motion equations of AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) are mostly appropriated and constructed from the field measurement on maneuverability in marine engineering. The applicability of the equations of motions applied to the conventional AUVs was confirmed for the NMRI small cruising AUV “mini-AUV” with 1.8m length developed at National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) in Japan. The motion model is redefined concerning the MMG model which is commonly used in the ship maneuvering modeling field. The model treats a main hull, rudders, and a thrust unit as components for obtaining hydrodynamics terms in the motion equation. Based on the modeled equations, towing tests, etc. were conducted in the test basin of our institute, and the parameters in the equations of motions were determined. Free-running tests of the mini-AUV were also carried out in the basin to confirm the maneuvering performance of the AUV. In this paper, the procedure of maneuvering modeling on the hydrodynamic forces and test results of the modeling forces are introduced. The results of the free-running tests and computational simulations are presented under the same conditions for comparisons. As a result, the simulated results correspond reasonably well with the tank test ones, and then it was shown that the equations of motions on the small AUV presented in this paper are useful for estimating the navigational performance.
{"title":"Study on Maneuvering Motion Modeling of Small AUV","authors":"Shunka C. Hirao, T. Fujiwara, Akihiro Okamoto, H. Sekiguchi, Motonobu Imasato, M. Sasano","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.32.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.32.259","url":null,"abstract":"The maneuvering motion equations of AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) are mostly appropriated and constructed from the field measurement on maneuverability in marine engineering. The applicability of the equations of motions applied to the conventional AUVs was confirmed for the NMRI small cruising AUV “mini-AUV” with 1.8m length developed at National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) in Japan. The motion model is redefined concerning the MMG model which is commonly used in the ship maneuvering modeling field. The model treats a main hull, rudders, and a thrust unit as components for obtaining hydrodynamics terms in the motion equation. Based on the modeled equations, towing tests, etc. were conducted in the test basin of our institute, and the parameters in the equations of motions were determined. Free-running tests of the mini-AUV were also carried out in the basin to confirm the maneuvering performance of the AUV. In this paper, the procedure of maneuvering modeling on the hydrodynamic forces and test results of the modeling forces are introduced. The results of the free-running tests and computational simulations are presented under the same conditions for comparisons. As a result, the simulated results correspond reasonably well with the tank test ones, and then it was shown that the equations of motions on the small AUV presented in this paper are useful for estimating the navigational performance.","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126446185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takumi Ozawa, M. Hirakata, Taiki Tsukada, Sho Suda, S. Abe, Toshiyuki Takahashi
International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Committee, at its 91 session on November 2012, adopted draft amendment to SOLAS regulation II-1/3-12, which changes the Code on noise levels on board ships from non-mandatory to mandatory. This paper provides optimizing process for ship noise in the accommodation space on the basis of results of noise analysis using SEA models of a certain oil tanker of 6,500 kiloliters actually constructed by a shipyard. In this regard, the authors identified how hull structure should be arranged and how noise control measures should be applied in order to reduce the target ship’s noise levels efficiently by using generally useful optimizing process.
{"title":"Optimization of Hull Structure and Noise Control Measures for Noise in Accommodation Space","authors":"Takumi Ozawa, M. Hirakata, Taiki Tsukada, Sho Suda, S. Abe, Toshiyuki Takahashi","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.177","url":null,"abstract":"International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Committee, at its 91 session on November 2012, adopted draft amendment to SOLAS regulation II-1/3-12, which changes the Code on noise levels on board ships from non-mandatory to mandatory. This paper provides optimizing process for ship noise in the accommodation space on the basis of results of noise analysis using SEA models of a certain oil tanker of 6,500 kiloliters actually constructed by a shipyard. In this regard, the authors identified how hull structure should be arranged and how noise control measures should be applied in order to reduce the target ship’s noise levels efficiently by using generally useful optimizing process.","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131726695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Installation of Air Lubrication System for Ro-Pax Ferry and Verification of its Effect in Actual Seas Based on Onboard Measurement Data","authors":"S. Mizokami, Ryota Kuroiwa","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.29.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.29.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133838329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical methods based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) are rapidly expanding their application range, especially with recent remarkable developments in computer performance. Currently, the RANS (Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation) model, which is a time-averaged model of turbulent flow, is generally used for ship performance estimation. The estimation accuracy of a turbulence model using numerical methods can be improved by adjusting the model with more accurate and detailed flow field data. However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed flow field data through experiments on actual ships and scale models. In a LES (Large Eddy Simulation) model, which is used to spatially filter turbulent flow, if the grid resolution (filter size) is fine, the limitations imposed by the model itself are reduced. LES simulations performed with a sufficiently grid resolution are known to achieve the same estimation accuracy as DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) but with a lower computational load. Based on these considerations, as the first attempt at practical estimation of ship performance by numerical calculation considering turbulence, large-scale LES simulations were carried out using “K computer” for a marine propeller in open water. In this paper, the authors show how the grid resolution affects the estimation of propeller performance and flow around the propeller, and the influence of the Reynolds number on the calculation results.
{"title":"Influence of Grid Resolution and Reynolds Number on Flow around Ship Propeller in Large Scale LES Simulation","authors":"Takeharu Fujisawa, M. Tsubokura, Hisao Tanaka","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.15","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical methods based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) are rapidly expanding their application range, especially with recent remarkable developments in computer performance. Currently, the RANS (Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation) model, which is a time-averaged model of turbulent flow, is generally used for ship performance estimation. The estimation accuracy of a turbulence model using numerical methods can be improved by adjusting the model with more accurate and detailed flow field data. However, it is still difficult to obtain detailed flow field data through experiments on actual ships and scale models. In a LES (Large Eddy Simulation) model, which is used to spatially filter turbulent flow, if the grid resolution (filter size) is fine, the limitations imposed by the model itself are reduced. LES simulations performed with a sufficiently grid resolution are known to achieve the same estimation accuracy as DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) but with a lower computational load. Based on these considerations, as the first attempt at practical estimation of ship performance by numerical calculation considering turbulence, large-scale LES simulations were carried out using “K computer” for a marine propeller in open water. In this paper, the authors show how the grid resolution affects the estimation of propeller performance and flow around the propeller, and the influence of the Reynolds number on the calculation results.","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134400639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Static Stability of Plane Side Ship","authors":"K. Yabushita, Go Okahata","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114226549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of friction drag change by bubbles using double optic fiber probe","authors":"Takamichi Hiroi, T. Hamada, C. Kawakita","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.34.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.34.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116306969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Shimizu, M. Sugihara, K. Takeda, Wakaba Tsuruta, Tsutomu Fukui
{"title":"Numerical Analysis on Liquefaction of Iron Ore Fines under Rolling Motion of Ships Using Microscopic Fluid Coupling Scheme Devised in Discrete Element Method","authors":"Y. Shimizu, M. Sugihara, K. Takeda, Wakaba Tsuruta, Tsutomu Fukui","doi":"10.2534/jjasnaoe.35.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.35.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116638990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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