Neuro-Ophthalmology最新文献

Methotrexate is a commonly employed folate antagonist used as a disease modifying antirheumatic drug. It is recommended by the European League Against Rheumatism Guidelines as an add-on therapy for the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. Lymphoproliferative disease developing during methotrexate treatment is recognised as methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder. We describe a patient with polymyalgia rheumatica on long-term methotrexate treatment presenting with double vision and systemic symptoms concerning for giant cell arteritis. Two months prior, she had noticed a mass of the right nasal dorsum. Neuroimaging showed several lesions of the nasal cavity and a clival lesion. Nasal cavity biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and FDG-PET/CT 3 weeks after methotrexate cessation showed significant interval disease regression, confirming the diagnosis of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Follow-up FDG-PET/CT 4 months after methotrexate cessation showed complete radiological regression of lymphoproliferative lesions. The cumulative incidence of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate has been reported to be up to 4.7% at 10 years in a retrospective study. Cessation of methotrexate resulted in spontaneous regression in 59% of patients. It is important to include methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder on the differential diagnosis for patients on long-term methotrexate treatment who present with neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs as tissue diagnosis prior to commencing steroid treatment is essential to secure the diagnosis and guide treatment.

This study aims to establish the final definite etiology among patients with long-term follow-up for painful ophthalmoplegia. The data of 44 cases (16 females, 28 females) were examined. In the first diagnosis, subjects were scanned in terms of benign and secondary etiologies. Clinical and radiological follow-up results of patients were recorded. During the follow-up period, data on clinical outcomes (relapse or progression), treatment responses, and final diagnoses were evaluated In total, 49 episodes of painful ophthalmoplegia (44 patients) were evaluated. Secondary etiologies were identified in 21 patients benign/secondary tumours causes in 10, inflammatory in 1, infectious in 3, vascular in 3, demyelinating disease in 1, autoimmune in 2, drug-related cause in 1. 23 patients with benign etiologies; 11 had Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), 2 had Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy (RPON), and 10 had diabetic ophthalmoparesis (DO). 7 of 11 patients with THS met the International Classification Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3 beta) criteria, 4 were with a normal MRI, and 1 had a recurrence. 9 of 10 patients with benign/secondary tumours causes were malignant, and 7 died due to disease progression during the treatment process. One of ten patient was followed with diabetic ophthalmoparesis and was diagnosed with cavernous sinus involvement of B-cell lymphoma as a result of clinical progression during follow-up. Painful ophthalmoplegia is a complex clinical condition with a broad differential diagnosis with malignant and benign etiologies. A detailed clinical examination, imaging, and long-term follow-up are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment management.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2023.2255651.].