Md Mahbubul Hassan, Aaron R. Pilnick, Joshua T. Patterson
Abstract Objective The presence of heavy metals in seawater is a major challenge for hatchery culture of sea urchin larvae due to their sensitivity to metal pollution. The impact of heavy metals in seawater for sensitive marine larviculture could be minimized via chelation of metals using chemical compounds such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods In this study the effects of EDTA were tested for the long‐spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum during larviculture at two concentrations (10 μM and 50 μM) and two exposure durations (6 and 24 days postfertilization). Growth and survival of larvae were evaluated as response variables. Result Significant differences in growth and survival of larvae were found among the treatments at different EDTA concentrations and exposure durations. The 10‐μM EDTA treatment enhanced growth and survival of larvae relative to control for both exposure durations. The 50‐μM EDTA treatment was unsuitable for long‐spined sea urchin larviculture due to reductions in growth and survival. Conclusion The use of 10 μM EDTA during embryo incubation and larviculture is expected to improve long‐spined sea urchin larval fitness, leading to improved hatchery production.
{"title":"Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on growth and survival of long‐spined sea urchin <i>Diadema antillarum</i> larvae","authors":"Md Mahbubul Hassan, Aaron R. Pilnick, Joshua T. Patterson","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The presence of heavy metals in seawater is a major challenge for hatchery culture of sea urchin larvae due to their sensitivity to metal pollution. The impact of heavy metals in seawater for sensitive marine larviculture could be minimized via chelation of metals using chemical compounds such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods In this study the effects of EDTA were tested for the long‐spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum during larviculture at two concentrations (10 μM and 50 μM) and two exposure durations (6 and 24 days postfertilization). Growth and survival of larvae were evaluated as response variables. Result Significant differences in growth and survival of larvae were found among the treatments at different EDTA concentrations and exposure durations. The 10‐μM EDTA treatment enhanced growth and survival of larvae relative to control for both exposure durations. The 50‐μM EDTA treatment was unsuitable for long‐spined sea urchin larviculture due to reductions in growth and survival. Conclusion The use of 10 μM EDTA during embryo incubation and larviculture is expected to improve long‐spined sea urchin larval fitness, leading to improved hatchery production.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Chicken gut meal (CGM) is reasonably priced and rich in nutrients and can become a new source of protein in the diets of major aquatic products, such as fish and shrimp. Methods An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of CGM on juvenile Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii . Juveniles (1.58 ± 0.06 g [mean ± SE]) were fed with different levels of CGM in replacement of fish meal (FM) in the basal diet: 0% (CGM0), 25% (CGM25), 50% (CGM50), 75% (CGM75), and 100% (CGM100) replacement, representing a dietary CGM level of up to 40 g/kg. Result The results showed that the percent weight gain; specific growth rate; feeding rate; feed conversion ratio; hepatosomatic index; and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, and lipid were significantly improved among the experimental groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the CGM25 and CGM50 groups, respectively. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly increased in the CGM50 and CGM75 groups, respectively. Fish in the CGM100 and CGM75 groups had significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than the control. Moreover, the relative expression levels of the fatty acid synthase and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase alpha genes were significantly increased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups, while the gene expression levels of hormone‐sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha were significantly decreased. Conclusion In summary, the optimal replacement level of FM with CGM was shown by curve equation analysis to be 61.30%, and their dosages were 24.52 and 15.48 g/kg, respectively.
【摘要】目的鸡肠粕价格合理，营养成分丰富，可成为鱼虾等主要水产饲料中蛋白质的新来源。方法采用8周的饲养试验，全面研究CGM对绿菱幼鱼脂肪的有益作用。在基础饲料中分别添加0% (CGM0)、25% (CGM25)、50% (CGM50)、75% (CGM75)和100% (CGM100)的CGM替代鱼粉(1.58±0.06 g [mean±SE])，饲料中CGM水平最高可达40 g/kg。结果:增重百分比;特定增长率;摄食率;饲料转化率;hepatosomatic指数;各试验组干物质、蛋白质和脂肪的表观消化率系数均显著提高。此外，CGM25和CGM50组的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著升高。CGM75和CGM100组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著降低。CGM50组和CGM75组甘油三酯和总胆固醇分别显著升高。CGM100和CGM75组鱼的天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶活性显著高于对照组。此外，脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α基因的相对表达量在CGM75和CGM100组显著升高，而激素敏感脂肪酶和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α基因的相对表达量显著降低。综上所述，曲线方程分析表明，FM与CGM的最佳替代水平为61.30%，其添加量分别为24.52和15.48 g/kg。
{"title":"Effect of replacing fish meal with chicken gut meal on growth, immune parameters, and metabolism of juvenile Fat Greenling <i>Hexagrammos otakii</i>","authors":"Yixin Gu, Tingting Peng, Qian Sun, Qianliang Dai, Yanchao Wei, Wenyuan Hua, Yue Wang, Bojin Chen, Zhuang Xue, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10312","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Chicken gut meal (CGM) is reasonably priced and rich in nutrients and can become a new source of protein in the diets of major aquatic products, such as fish and shrimp. Methods An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of CGM on juvenile Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii . Juveniles (1.58 ± 0.06 g [mean ± SE]) were fed with different levels of CGM in replacement of fish meal (FM) in the basal diet: 0% (CGM0), 25% (CGM25), 50% (CGM50), 75% (CGM75), and 100% (CGM100) replacement, representing a dietary CGM level of up to 40 g/kg. Result The results showed that the percent weight gain; specific growth rate; feeding rate; feed conversion ratio; hepatosomatic index; and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, and lipid were significantly improved among the experimental groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the CGM25 and CGM50 groups, respectively. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly increased in the CGM50 and CGM75 groups, respectively. Fish in the CGM100 and CGM75 groups had significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than the control. Moreover, the relative expression levels of the fatty acid synthase and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase alpha genes were significantly increased in the CGM75 and CGM100 groups, while the gene expression levels of hormone‐sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha were significantly decreased. Conclusion In summary, the optimal replacement level of FM with CGM was shown by curve equation analysis to be 61.30%, and their dosages were 24.52 and 15.48 g/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David I. Prangnell, Bryan J. Norris, Ryan R. Fontana, Mignon D. Fitzpatrick
Abstract Objective Cottonseed meal is applied to sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis ) fry rearing ponds as an organic fertilizer to stimulate plankton development. The efficacy of cottonseed meal as a fertilizer following long‐term storage and degradation is unknown. The use of degraded and undegraded cottonseed meal were compared during the production of sunshine bass fingerlings in lined 0.4‐ha ponds. Methods Filling ponds were fertilized repeatedly between 13 days before and 6 days after fry stocking, and water quality, zooplankton, and 41–48‐day fingerling production were monitored. Adequate phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were maintained using cottonseed meal of both conditions. Result Cottonseed meal condition had no significant impact on any fish production metric. The degraded cottonseed meal appeared to release nitrogen more readily as indicated by higher prestocking NH 3 ‐N concentrations. Higher nutrient availability likely stimulated primary productivity at a faster rate, leading to higher dissolved oxygen, pH, and zooplankton densities during the first half of the pond cycle. The ponds fertilized with degraded cottonseed meal required more intensive water quality management to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen and pH for sunshine bass fry. However, poststocking water quality parameters were within species tolerance ranges. Conclusion The study confirmed that degraded cottonseed meal can be used as an organic fertilizer in sunshine bass fry rearing ponds without compromising fingerling production, provided ponds are managed appropriately.
{"title":"The impact of cottonseed meal condition on water quality, zooplankton densities, and sunshine bass production when used as an organic fertilizer in ponds","authors":"David I. Prangnell, Bryan J. Norris, Ryan R. Fontana, Mignon D. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Cottonseed meal is applied to sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis ) fry rearing ponds as an organic fertilizer to stimulate plankton development. The efficacy of cottonseed meal as a fertilizer following long‐term storage and degradation is unknown. The use of degraded and undegraded cottonseed meal were compared during the production of sunshine bass fingerlings in lined 0.4‐ha ponds. Methods Filling ponds were fertilized repeatedly between 13 days before and 6 days after fry stocking, and water quality, zooplankton, and 41–48‐day fingerling production were monitored. Adequate phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were maintained using cottonseed meal of both conditions. Result Cottonseed meal condition had no significant impact on any fish production metric. The degraded cottonseed meal appeared to release nitrogen more readily as indicated by higher prestocking NH 3 ‐N concentrations. Higher nutrient availability likely stimulated primary productivity at a faster rate, leading to higher dissolved oxygen, pH, and zooplankton densities during the first half of the pond cycle. The ponds fertilized with degraded cottonseed meal required more intensive water quality management to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen and pH for sunshine bass fry. However, poststocking water quality parameters were within species tolerance ranges. Conclusion The study confirmed that degraded cottonseed meal can be used as an organic fertilizer in sunshine bass fry rearing ponds without compromising fingerling production, provided ponds are managed appropriately.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136185067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Investigate Striped Bass Morone saxatilis growth in different photothermal environments and generate an interest in strain‐specific broodstock development for marine net‐pen culture. Methods In this effort, Striped Bass strains from Atlantic (Delaware, Virginia, and Maryland) and Gulf Coast (Florida and Texas) states were cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems, simulating a full‐production cycle to early market size in each respective region's photothermal environment. The Atlantic and Gulf strains were initially maintained in recirculating aquaculture systems “nurseries” until 400 and 160 days postspawn, respectively, when offshore conditions (temperature) were conducive for stocking juvenile fish. Individuals from all strains were implanted with PIT tags and stocked (“common garden design”) into a pair of identical recirculating systems (three 5000‐L tanks/system). One system received 48 Atlantic fish/tank (16 fish/strain; Delaware, Virginia, and Maryland), and the second system received 48 Gulf fish/tank (24 fish/strain; Florida and Texas). Salinity was maintained at 30‰, and photothermal regimes corresponded with ambient ocean conditions at selected locations off the mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Studies were conducted for up to 2 years, and production parameters (feed conversion, absolute growth rate, survival) were compared. Result The final weights of ungraded fish in both simulated locations averaged approximately 900 g by 600 days postspawn and early market size (~1.3 kg) by 800 days postspawn. Conclusion Growth rates differed by strain in both nursery and grow‐out phases, but the results indicate high potential for production of Striped Bass in U.S. coastal waters.
{"title":"Performance of Striped Bass reared at mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coast photothermal regimes","authors":"Linas W. Kenter, David L. Berlinsky","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10296","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Investigate Striped Bass Morone saxatilis growth in different photothermal environments and generate an interest in strain‐specific broodstock development for marine net‐pen culture. Methods In this effort, Striped Bass strains from Atlantic (Delaware, Virginia, and Maryland) and Gulf Coast (Florida and Texas) states were cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems, simulating a full‐production cycle to early market size in each respective region's photothermal environment. The Atlantic and Gulf strains were initially maintained in recirculating aquaculture systems “nurseries” until 400 and 160 days postspawn, respectively, when offshore conditions (temperature) were conducive for stocking juvenile fish. Individuals from all strains were implanted with PIT tags and stocked (“common garden design”) into a pair of identical recirculating systems (three 5000‐L tanks/system). One system received 48 Atlantic fish/tank (16 fish/strain; Delaware, Virginia, and Maryland), and the second system received 48 Gulf fish/tank (24 fish/strain; Florida and Texas). Salinity was maintained at 30‰, and photothermal regimes corresponded with ambient ocean conditions at selected locations off the mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Studies were conducted for up to 2 years, and production parameters (feed conversion, absolute growth rate, survival) were compared. Result The final weights of ungraded fish in both simulated locations averaged approximately 900 g by 600 days postspawn and early market size (~1.3 kg) by 800 days postspawn. Conclusion Growth rates differed by strain in both nursery and grow‐out phases, but the results indicate high potential for production of Striped Bass in U.S. coastal waters.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi‐Jiun Jean Tsai, Luke Ellison, Troy Stevenson, Evan W. Carson, Tien‐Chieh Hung
Abstract Objective A small‐scale culture system effective in producing larvae of endangered Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus was recently developed to facilitate conservation and research efforts. Methods To optimize its use, we examined the effect of stocking density (300, 500, 700, and 900 fish per 92 L of water) on the length, weight, and survival of late‐stage larvae (41 days posthatch) reared for 40 days in the small‐scale system. Result Stocking density had no effect on larval survival or size. Also, the survival, length, and weight of these fish did not differ from those reared using standard, large‐scale culture practices (2500 fish per 320 L of water). Conclusion Our findings validate the methods used for small‐scale Delta Smelt rearing, help optimize these protocols, and thereby enhance Delta Smelt rearing capabilities needed for research and conservation.
{"title":"No effect of stocking density on the survival or size of late‐stage Delta Smelt larvae reared in a small‐scale culture system","authors":"Yi‐Jiun Jean Tsai, Luke Ellison, Troy Stevenson, Evan W. Carson, Tien‐Chieh Hung","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective A small‐scale culture system effective in producing larvae of endangered Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus was recently developed to facilitate conservation and research efforts. Methods To optimize its use, we examined the effect of stocking density (300, 500, 700, and 900 fish per 92 L of water) on the length, weight, and survival of late‐stage larvae (41 days posthatch) reared for 40 days in the small‐scale system. Result Stocking density had no effect on larval survival or size. Also, the survival, length, and weight of these fish did not differ from those reared using standard, large‐scale culture practices (2500 fish per 320 L of water). Conclusion Our findings validate the methods used for small‐scale Delta Smelt rearing, help optimize these protocols, and thereby enhance Delta Smelt rearing capabilities needed for research and conservation.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Hybrid Striped Bass (HSB) and Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus (known commercially as redfish) are important commercial sectors of foodfish production in the USA. The objective of this study was to measure the regulatory compliance burden on U.S. HSB and Red Drum farms. Methods National surveys were conducted in 2021 of U.S. hybrid Striped Bass and Red Drum farmers with response rates of 35% and 89% and coverage rates of 37% and 99.8%, respectively. Result Results showed that the regulatory costs were one of the greatest costs of production, at 22% of total costs on HSB farms and 15% on Red Drum farms. Nationally, the total annual regulatory compliance cost burden was US$4.5 million for HSB and $2.2 million annually for Red Drum farms. Per‐farm, the regulatory cost burden was $152,698 ($1.20/kg) on HSB farms and $274,746/farm ($1.44/kg) on Red Drum farms. In addition, lost sales revenue on HSB farms was found to equal 92% of total sales revenue, at $31.3 million, and 54% of total sales revenue on Red Drum farms, at $13.6 million. The regulatory categories of greatest cost were those related to water rights and access, predatory bird management, and effluent discharge regulations. Conclusion Regulatory constraints have likely contributed to the contraction of the HSB sector from 2012 to 2018 and likely dampened the sales growth observed in Red Drum farming over the same time period. Smarter and more cost‐effective approaches to regulatory oversight of U.S. aquaculture are needed that allow for growth to meet increased demand for locally produced food and to remove the economic incentives to import seafood produced under less environmentally sustainable conditions than those in the USA.
{"title":"U.S. hybrid Striped Bass and Red Drum farms: Economic effects of the U.S. regulatory framework","authors":"Carole R. Engle, Jonathan van Senten","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10297","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Hybrid Striped Bass (HSB) and Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus (known commercially as redfish) are important commercial sectors of foodfish production in the USA. The objective of this study was to measure the regulatory compliance burden on U.S. HSB and Red Drum farms. Methods National surveys were conducted in 2021 of U.S. hybrid Striped Bass and Red Drum farmers with response rates of 35% and 89% and coverage rates of 37% and 99.8%, respectively. Result Results showed that the regulatory costs were one of the greatest costs of production, at 22% of total costs on HSB farms and 15% on Red Drum farms. Nationally, the total annual regulatory compliance cost burden was US$4.5 million for HSB and $2.2 million annually for Red Drum farms. Per‐farm, the regulatory cost burden was $152,698 ($1.20/kg) on HSB farms and $274,746/farm ($1.44/kg) on Red Drum farms. In addition, lost sales revenue on HSB farms was found to equal 92% of total sales revenue, at $31.3 million, and 54% of total sales revenue on Red Drum farms, at $13.6 million. The regulatory categories of greatest cost were those related to water rights and access, predatory bird management, and effluent discharge regulations. Conclusion Regulatory constraints have likely contributed to the contraction of the HSB sector from 2012 to 2018 and likely dampened the sales growth observed in Red Drum farming over the same time period. Smarter and more cost‐effective approaches to regulatory oversight of U.S. aquaculture are needed that allow for growth to meet increased demand for locally produced food and to remove the economic incentives to import seafood produced under less environmentally sustainable conditions than those in the USA.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136359980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As we reach our fifth year, we are particularly thankful for the contributions of our peer reviewers. The knowledge, expertise, and guidance offered by the people listed below have ensured that we can continue to share timely research to effect health and well-being across Appalachia.
{"title":"Reviewer acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10319","url":null,"abstract":"As we reach our fifth year, we are particularly thankful for the contributions of our peer reviewers. The knowledge, expertise, and guidance offered by the people listed below have ensured that we can continue to share timely research to effect health and well-being across Appalachia.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Knupp, Mohamed Faisal, Travis O. Brenden, Esteban Soto, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Matt J. Griffin, Gregory D. Wiens, Wade Cavender, Danielle Van Vliet, Thomas P. Loch
Abstract Objective Globally, flavobacteria (family Flavobacteriaceae and Weeksellaceae) are leading causes of disease‐related losses in fish‐farms and hatcheries. One route flavobacteria gain access to aquaculture facilities is via source water. Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of source water has been effective in reducing the risk of disease outbreaks caused by nonflavobacteria; however, the UV dose required to inactivate flavobacteria has been understudied. The primary objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of UV light treatments for reducing the viability of fish‐pathogenic and fish‐associated Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium species in a planktonic form. Methods Sixty‐five flavobacterial isolates belonging to ten Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. were exposed to a low (25 mJ/cm 2 ) and high (126 mJ/cm 2 ) dose of UV light via a collimating beam apparatus under in vitro conditions, after which treatment efficacy was determined via culture. Result All assayed flavobacteria were reduced by an average of ~1000‐fold or ~100,000‐fold at the low and high UV doses, respectively; however, substantial differences in reduction at the same UV dose were noted among isolates of the same flavobacterial species, including F. psychrophilum , F. columnare , and F. oreochromis . In addition, F. psychrophilum multilocus sequence typing variants ST10 and ST78, which are two of the most widespread variants in the United States of America, were among the least susceptible to ultraviolet light. Conclusion Overall, results demonstrate that viable flavobacteria can be reduced substantially by ultraviolet doses of 25–126 mJ/cm 2 , suggesting such treatments represent a promising tool for minimizing flavobacterial loads in hatcheries and aquaculture facilities, thereby enhancing biosecurity and reducing the risk of epizootics.
{"title":"Ultraviolet light differentially reduces viability of fish‐ and fish farm‐associated flavobacteria (families Flavobacteriaceae and Weeksellaceae)","authors":"Christopher Knupp, Mohamed Faisal, Travis O. Brenden, Esteban Soto, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Matt J. Griffin, Gregory D. Wiens, Wade Cavender, Danielle Van Vliet, Thomas P. Loch","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10300","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Globally, flavobacteria (family Flavobacteriaceae and Weeksellaceae) are leading causes of disease‐related losses in fish‐farms and hatcheries. One route flavobacteria gain access to aquaculture facilities is via source water. Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of source water has been effective in reducing the risk of disease outbreaks caused by nonflavobacteria; however, the UV dose required to inactivate flavobacteria has been understudied. The primary objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of UV light treatments for reducing the viability of fish‐pathogenic and fish‐associated Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium species in a planktonic form. Methods Sixty‐five flavobacterial isolates belonging to ten Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. were exposed to a low (25 mJ/cm 2 ) and high (126 mJ/cm 2 ) dose of UV light via a collimating beam apparatus under in vitro conditions, after which treatment efficacy was determined via culture. Result All assayed flavobacteria were reduced by an average of ~1000‐fold or ~100,000‐fold at the low and high UV doses, respectively; however, substantial differences in reduction at the same UV dose were noted among isolates of the same flavobacterial species, including F. psychrophilum , F. columnare , and F. oreochromis . In addition, F. psychrophilum multilocus sequence typing variants ST10 and ST78, which are two of the most widespread variants in the United States of America, were among the least susceptible to ultraviolet light. Conclusion Overall, results demonstrate that viable flavobacteria can be reduced substantially by ultraviolet doses of 25–126 mJ/cm 2 , suggesting such treatments represent a promising tool for minimizing flavobacterial loads in hatcheries and aquaculture facilities, thereby enhancing biosecurity and reducing the risk of epizootics.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136341271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Juvenile tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius × Muskellunge E. masquinongy ) are cannibalistic, which can lead to a substantial reduction in yields within an intensive culture environment. Utah hatcheries have traditionally raised the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross, and hatchery managers are reluctant to raise the female Muskellunge × male Northern Pike due to a perceived difference (increase) in cannibalism rates when rearing this cross. Methods We raised both crosses in replicated microcosms to evaluate the differential cannibalism between them. All rearing conditions were consistent among treatments and replicates. We evaluated weekly cannibalism using generalized linear regression models. Result After 6 weeks, we found that the female Muskellunge × male Northern Pike cross offspring were significantly more cannibalistic than juveniles from the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross, with total cannibalism across the 6‐week period estimated at 27% and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusion We documented a previously unreported difference in tiger muskellunge cross cannibalism rates. Choosing the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross could substantially increase survival of juvenile tiger muskellunge in aquaculture facilities.
摘要目的北方虎(Northern Pike Esox lucius × muskellunge E. masquinongy)幼虎是一种同类相食的动物，在集约养殖环境下会导致产量大幅下降。犹他州的孵卵场传统上饲养雌性北梭子鱼和雄性Muskellunge杂交，孵卵场的管理人员不愿意饲养雌性Muskellunge和雄性北梭子鱼，因为在饲养这种杂交时，它们的同类相食率明显不同(增加)。方法将两个杂交组合在重复的微观环境中饲养，评价其同类相食的差异。各处理和重复的饲养条件基本一致。我们使用广义线性回归模型评估每周同类相食的情况。结果6周后，雌性麝香龟与雄性麝香龟杂交后代的同类相食率显著高于雌性麝香龟与雄性麝香龟杂交后代，6周内的同类相食率分别为27%和5.6%。结论我们记录了以前未报道的虎麝香龟交叉自相残杀率的差异。选择雌性北派克与雄性麝香虎杂交，可显著提高养殖设施中幼年麝香虎的成活率。
{"title":"Evaluation of cannibalism during hatchery rearing of tiger muskellunge crosses","authors":"Robert Shields, Skylar Wolf, Connor Schwepe","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Juvenile tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius × Muskellunge E. masquinongy ) are cannibalistic, which can lead to a substantial reduction in yields within an intensive culture environment. Utah hatcheries have traditionally raised the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross, and hatchery managers are reluctant to raise the female Muskellunge × male Northern Pike due to a perceived difference (increase) in cannibalism rates when rearing this cross. Methods We raised both crosses in replicated microcosms to evaluate the differential cannibalism between them. All rearing conditions were consistent among treatments and replicates. We evaluated weekly cannibalism using generalized linear regression models. Result After 6 weeks, we found that the female Muskellunge × male Northern Pike cross offspring were significantly more cannibalistic than juveniles from the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross, with total cannibalism across the 6‐week period estimated at 27% and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusion We documented a previously unreported difference in tiger muskellunge cross cannibalism rates. Choosing the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross could substantially increase survival of juvenile tiger muskellunge in aquaculture facilities.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136341444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this project, three diets in which fishmeal (FM) (reference diet) was completely replaced with a combination of poultry meal (PM), corn protein concentrate, soy protein concentrate, and guar gum were evaluated to determine the portioning of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) in fecal particle size classes (fines, mid‐size, large; <0.6 mm, 0.6 ‐1.2 mm, >1.2 mm) and compared to a commercial rainbow trout feed. Feces was evaluated for particle size composition and the content of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in each size class. There was a significant difference in fecal particle size composition of trout fed the experimental diets compared to the commercial feed. Fish fed the four experimental diets produced feces with approximately 43% large particles and 24% fines, compared to 6% and 67% for the trout fed the commercial diet. The TN in feces of trout fed the FM diet (3.84%) was significantly higher than for the FM‐free diets, which also declined linearly (2.68%, 1.91%, and 1.59%) as the content of PM was replaced with plant‐based protein. An interaction was also observed between diet and particle size on fecal N content in which a significant increase in TN from large particles compared to fines occurred for the experimental FM diet, but there was little difference between size classes for the non‐FM based feeds. The feces of trout fed the FM diet contained more TP (100,007 ug/g) than feces of fish fed the FM‐free diets (46,751 to 72,659 ug/g), likely due to higher dietary P content of FM, but TP concentrations followed a similar trend as TN in the FM‐free feeds, declining as the proportion of plant protein sources increased (and PM decreased). The large fecal particles (72,235 ug/g) contained more TP than the mid‐size particles (68,926 ug/g) or fines (61,974 ug/g), which could be due to leaching in the latter two particle size classes, as the potential for solubility likely increased as particle size decreased. These findings may have important implications for improving the fecal particle size profile for sedimentation and removal of regulated nutrients through formulation of rainbow trout feeds in replacement of FM with plant protein.
{"title":"Improved fecal particle size profile in rainbow trout fed feeds containing different ratios of animal meal and plant protein concentrates: Effect on nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning","authors":"Thomas L. Welker, Frederic T. Barrows","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this project, three diets in which fishmeal (FM) (reference diet) was completely replaced with a combination of poultry meal (PM), corn protein concentrate, soy protein concentrate, and guar gum were evaluated to determine the portioning of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) in fecal particle size classes (fines, mid‐size, large; <0.6 mm, 0.6 ‐1.2 mm, >1.2 mm) and compared to a commercial rainbow trout feed. Feces was evaluated for particle size composition and the content of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in each size class. There was a significant difference in fecal particle size composition of trout fed the experimental diets compared to the commercial feed. Fish fed the four experimental diets produced feces with approximately 43% large particles and 24% fines, compared to 6% and 67% for the trout fed the commercial diet. The TN in feces of trout fed the FM diet (3.84%) was significantly higher than for the FM‐free diets, which also declined linearly (2.68%, 1.91%, and 1.59%) as the content of PM was replaced with plant‐based protein. An interaction was also observed between diet and particle size on fecal N content in which a significant increase in TN from large particles compared to fines occurred for the experimental FM diet, but there was little difference between size classes for the non‐FM based feeds. The feces of trout fed the FM diet contained more TP (100,007 ug/g) than feces of fish fed the FM‐free diets (46,751 to 72,659 ug/g), likely due to higher dietary P content of FM, but TP concentrations followed a similar trend as TN in the FM‐free feeds, declining as the proportion of plant protein sources increased (and PM decreased). The large fecal particles (72,235 ug/g) contained more TP than the mid‐size particles (68,926 ug/g) or fines (61,974 ug/g), which could be due to leaching in the latter two particle size classes, as the potential for solubility likely increased as particle size decreased. These findings may have important implications for improving the fecal particle size profile for sedimentation and removal of regulated nutrients through formulation of rainbow trout feeds in replacement of FM with plant protein.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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