Shilin Zhang, Huige Ren, Wenyi Wu, Luoxin Li, Yi Chai, Wei Liu
ObjectiveWe sought to assess the efficacy of feeding tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family, as it impacts physiological functions in fingerling fish.MethodsFingerling Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans with an initial mean body weight (±SD) of 0.98 ± 0.09 g were fed five diets containing tocotrienol at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg (T0, T10, T20, T30, and T40 diets, respectively) for 42 days. After the feeding experiment, fish were challenged with Largemouth Bass ranavirus (LMBV) and monitored for 48 h.ResultFindings indicated a positive impact of tocotrienol‐supplemented diets on fingerling survival. Furthermore, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish that received the T30 and T40 diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the T0 diet. Tocotrienol supplementation improved the protein efficiency ratio and condition factor and increased the whole‐body lipid and protein content. Conversely, the hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and feed conversion ratio were significantly decreased by tocotrienol supplementation. Fish that were fed the T30 and T40 diets exhibited significantly higher hepatopancreas lipase activity and intestinal protease activity. Generally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver increased as the tocotrienol level increased. Additionally, the liver malondialdehyde concentration decreased, and there was an improvement in the structure of liver cell tissue. Survival at 48 h after the LMBV challenge was significantly higher in fish that were fed the T30 and T40 diets compared to fish that were given the T0 diet. Maximum specific growth rate was observed at a tocotrienol concentration of 33.63 mg/kg.ConclusionResults suggest that supplementation of Largemouth Bass fingerling diets with appropriate quantities of tocotrienol can enhance survival, growth, antioxidant capacity, digestion, and uptake of nutrients as well as disease resistance.
{"title":"Effects of dietary tocotrienol on growth, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, histology, and disease resistance of Largemouth Bass fingerlings","authors":"Shilin Zhang, Huige Ren, Wenyi Wu, Luoxin Li, Yi Chai, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10352","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveWe sought to assess the efficacy of feeding tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family, as it impacts physiological functions in fingerling fish.MethodsFingerling Largemouth Bass <jats:italic>Micropterus nigricans</jats:italic> with an initial mean body weight (±SD) of 0.98 ± 0.09 g were fed five diets containing tocotrienol at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg (T0, T10, T20, T30, and T40 diets, respectively) for 42 days. After the feeding experiment, fish were challenged with Largemouth Bass ranavirus (LMBV) and monitored for 48 h.ResultFindings indicated a positive impact of tocotrienol‐supplemented diets on fingerling survival. Furthermore, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish that received the T30 and T40 diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the T0 diet. Tocotrienol supplementation improved the protein efficiency ratio and condition factor and increased the whole‐body lipid and protein content. Conversely, the hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and feed conversion ratio were significantly decreased by tocotrienol supplementation. Fish that were fed the T30 and T40 diets exhibited significantly higher hepatopancreas lipase activity and intestinal protease activity. Generally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver increased as the tocotrienol level increased. Additionally, the liver malondialdehyde concentration decreased, and there was an improvement in the structure of liver cell tissue. Survival at 48 h after the LMBV challenge was significantly higher in fish that were fed the T30 and T40 diets compared to fish that were given the T0 diet. Maximum specific growth rate was observed at a tocotrienol concentration of 33.63 mg/kg.ConclusionResults suggest that supplementation of Largemouth Bass fingerling diets with appropriate quantities of tocotrienol can enhance survival, growth, antioxidant capacity, digestion, and uptake of nutrients as well as disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dániel Csontos, Zsuzsa Petra Bartal, László Bakacsy
ObjectiveThe rising demand for ornamental fish and plants in aquariums is met through industrial production. However, higher production densities may negatively impact water quality (such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and dissolved oxygen levels), thus impacting production. This can be mitigated by utilizing specific aquatic plants to promote sustainable ornamental fish production. This study aimed to determine how the water quality in ornamental fish tanks can be improved using two floating aquarium plant species: Najas grass Najas guadalupensis and Java moss Taxiphyllum barbieri.MethodsThe efficiency of nitrate and phosphate filtration by the two plant species was determined in aquariums containing Endler Guppies Poecilia wingei. The duration of the study was 4 weeks, and the water quality parameters were measured weekly. The growth rates of the two plants were measured at the beginning and end of the study period.ResultNajas grass effectively maintained lower nitrate and phosphate levels while showing robust growth. By week 4, nitrate levels in control tanks rose to 33.75 and 35.00 mg/L in the two independent experiments, while nitrate in tanks with Najas grass only reached 8.75 and 11.50 mg/L. Phosphate levels in control tanks increased to 2.42 and 2.40 mg/L compared to 1.075 and 1.05 mg/L in tanks with Najas grass. In single‐species tanks, Najas grass showed a 1.6‐fold biomass increase, while Java moss showed a 1.2‐fold increase. In tanks with both species, Najas grass biomass increased significantly, whereas Java moss biomass decreased.ConclusionThe superior competitive ability of Najas grass (allelopathy and increased nutrient uptake) underlies the findings of this study and indicates that this species is a better option for maintaining low levels of nitrate and phosphate in aquarium water. This finding can contribute to creating a cleaner and healthier environment for fish species involved in industrial ornamental fish production and trade.
{"title":"Removal of nitrate and phosphate by aquatic plants during aquarium‐based ornamental fish production","authors":"Dániel Csontos, Zsuzsa Petra Bartal, László Bakacsy","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10349","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe rising demand for ornamental fish and plants in aquariums is met through industrial production. However, higher production densities may negatively impact water quality (such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and dissolved oxygen levels), thus impacting production. This can be mitigated by utilizing specific aquatic plants to promote sustainable ornamental fish production. This study aimed to determine how the water quality in ornamental fish tanks can be improved using two floating aquarium plant species: Najas grass <jats:italic>Najas guadalupensis</jats:italic> and Java moss <jats:italic>Taxiphyllum barbieri</jats:italic>.MethodsThe efficiency of nitrate and phosphate filtration by the two plant species was determined in aquariums containing Endler Guppies <jats:italic>Poecilia wingei</jats:italic>. The duration of the study was 4 weeks, and the water quality parameters were measured weekly. The growth rates of the two plants were measured at the beginning and end of the study period.ResultNajas grass effectively maintained lower nitrate and phosphate levels while showing robust growth. By week 4, nitrate levels in control tanks rose to 33.75 and 35.00 mg/L in the two independent experiments, while nitrate in tanks with Najas grass only reached 8.75 and 11.50 mg/L. Phosphate levels in control tanks increased to 2.42 and 2.40 mg/L compared to 1.075 and 1.05 mg/L in tanks with Najas grass. In single‐species tanks, Najas grass showed a 1.6‐fold biomass increase, while Java moss showed a 1.2‐fold increase. In tanks with both species, Najas grass biomass increased significantly, whereas Java moss biomass decreased.ConclusionThe superior competitive ability of Najas grass (allelopathy and increased nutrient uptake) underlies the findings of this study and indicates that this species is a better option for maintaining low levels of nitrate and phosphate in aquarium water. This finding can contribute to creating a cleaner and healthier environment for fish species involved in industrial ornamental fish production and trade.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"545 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Krebs, Breah R. Rosner, Alexis L. Gerber, Nathan Huysman, Jill M. Voorhees, Michael E. Barnes
ObjectiveAs a type of automatic feeder, demand feeders reduce labor costs and can improve fish‐rearing efficiencies. However, mounting demand feeders can be problematic because of the variety of nonstandardized fish‐rearing units. This article describes an innovative, simple, sturdy, and durable demand feeder mount for rectangular, concrete raceways.MethodsThe feeder mount was made from aluminum and sits flat on a raceway wall or walkway. A horizontal base plate, secured to the wall by vertical plates, holds a vertical riser of aluminum tubing. Attached to this tubing is a rod that secures the demand feeder.ResultThis feeder mount design has proven durable over several years of actual use. Over this time, it has needed no maintenance other than occasional cleaning with water to remove spilled fish food. The feeder can be easily and quickly removed from the mount by simply pulling a pin and sliding the feeder off of the tubing. The mount is constructed to dramatically reduce tripping hazards and occupational safety and health risks.ConclusionThis simple, inexpensive (~US$50 to construct), and no‐maintenance mount is a viable solution to the typically difficult problem of mounting demand feeders to concrete raceways used for trout production.
{"title":"Innovative structure to mount demand feeders to concrete raceways at a production fish hatchery","authors":"Eric Krebs, Breah R. Rosner, Alexis L. Gerber, Nathan Huysman, Jill M. Voorhees, Michael E. Barnes","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10348","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveAs a type of automatic feeder, demand feeders reduce labor costs and can improve fish‐rearing efficiencies. However, mounting demand feeders can be problematic because of the variety of nonstandardized fish‐rearing units. This article describes an innovative, simple, sturdy, and durable demand feeder mount for rectangular, concrete raceways.MethodsThe feeder mount was made from aluminum and sits flat on a raceway wall or walkway. A horizontal base plate, secured to the wall by vertical plates, holds a vertical riser of aluminum tubing. Attached to this tubing is a rod that secures the demand feeder.ResultThis feeder mount design has proven durable over several years of actual use. Over this time, it has needed no maintenance other than occasional cleaning with water to remove spilled fish food. The feeder can be easily and quickly removed from the mount by simply pulling a pin and sliding the feeder off of the tubing. The mount is constructed to dramatically reduce tripping hazards and occupational safety and health risks.ConclusionThis simple, inexpensive (~US$50 to construct), and no‐maintenance mount is a viable solution to the typically difficult problem of mounting demand feeders to concrete raceways used for trout production.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shelby A. Perry, Elizabeth A. Fairchild, Brittany M. Jellison
ObjectiveThere is an impetus for increasing Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus hatchery production and rearing efficiency due to the high demand for their usefulness as cleaner fish in salmonid ocean farming. One production bottleneck is the loss of juvenile fish due to aggressive behaviors, including cannibalism. Understanding which factors exacerbate Lumpfish aggression and providing mitigation guidelines to aquaculturists are warranted.MethodsTwo experiments were conducted for an 8‐week period in 2022 in 3‐L aquaria with different juvenile size‐classes (4 and 11 g) subjected to three rearing densities (40, 65, and 90 g/L) under different photoperiod regimes (12 h light : 12 h dark [113 lx]; 24 h light : 0 h dark [21 lx]; and 24 h light : 0 h dark [302 lx]), resulting in nine experimental treatments. Survival, growth, and aggression (occurrence and severity of caudal fin nipping) were evaluated.ResultFor 4‐g Lumpfish, light and density significantly affected growth (weight gain and specific growth rate), while an interaction between light and density significantly affected the occurrence of caudal fin nipping but not the degree of fin nipping or survival. None of the tested variables significantly affected 11‐g fish. Generally, a trend toward increased caudal fin nipping occurred in smaller fish (~45% occurrence in 4‐g fish vs. ~20% in 11‐g fish), indicating that cannibalism may be even greater when Lumpfish are smaller than 4 g but abates as the fish grow.ConclusionOur findings indicate that manipulation of lighting at rearing densities of up to 90 g/L can be used to control growth rates in small Lumpfish, often without resulting in increased fish aggression. For small (~4‐g) Lumpfish, constant low light intensity in combination with a low (40‐g/L) rearing density is recommended for reducing growth and caudal fin nipping. However, as Lumpfish grow, these variables are less effective at manipulating fish growth.
{"title":"The effects of light, rearing density, and fish size in culturing juvenile Lumpfish","authors":"Shelby A. Perry, Elizabeth A. Fairchild, Brittany M. Jellison","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10347","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThere is an impetus for increasing Lumpfish <jats:italic>Cyclopterus lumpus</jats:italic> hatchery production and rearing efficiency due to the high demand for their usefulness as cleaner fish in salmonid ocean farming. One production bottleneck is the loss of juvenile fish due to aggressive behaviors, including cannibalism. Understanding which factors exacerbate Lumpfish aggression and providing mitigation guidelines to aquaculturists are warranted.MethodsTwo experiments were conducted for an 8‐week period in 2022 in 3‐L aquaria with different juvenile size‐classes (4 and 11 g) subjected to three rearing densities (40, 65, and 90 g/L) under different photoperiod regimes (12 h light : 12 h dark [113 lx]; 24 h light : 0 h dark [21 lx]; and 24 h light : 0 h dark [302 lx]), resulting in nine experimental treatments. Survival, growth, and aggression (occurrence and severity of caudal fin nipping) were evaluated.ResultFor 4‐g Lumpfish, light and density significantly affected growth (weight gain and specific growth rate), while an interaction between light and density significantly affected the occurrence of caudal fin nipping but not the degree of fin nipping or survival. None of the tested variables significantly affected 11‐g fish. Generally, a trend toward increased caudal fin nipping occurred in smaller fish (~45% occurrence in 4‐g fish vs. ~20% in 11‐g fish), indicating that cannibalism may be even greater when Lumpfish are smaller than 4 g but abates as the fish grow.ConclusionOur findings indicate that manipulation of lighting at rearing densities of up to 90 g/L can be used to control growth rates in small Lumpfish, often without resulting in increased fish aggression. For small (~4‐g) Lumpfish, constant low light intensity in combination with a low (40‐g/L) rearing density is recommended for reducing growth and caudal fin nipping. However, as Lumpfish grow, these variables are less effective at manipulating fish growth.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ObjectiveEfficiently managing sea lice on salmon farms through active surveillance, crucial for lice abundance estimation, is challenging due to the need for effective sampling schemes. To address this, we developed an application that considers infestation levels, farm structure, and management protocols, enhancing the precision of sampling strategies for sea louse abundance estimation.MethodsSimulation‐based methods are valuable for estimating suitable sample sizes in complex studies where standard formulae are inadequate. We introduce FishSampling, an open Web‐based application tailored to determine precise sample sizes for specific scenarios and objectives.ResultThe model incorporates factors such as sea lice abundance, farm pen numbers, potential clustering effects among these pens, and the desired confidence level. Simulation outcomes within this application provide practical advice on how to decide on the number of fish and pens to sample, under varying levels of assumed clustering.ConclusionThis approach can be used across the salmon aquaculture sector to improve sampling strategies for sea lice abundance estimation and balance surveillance costs against health objectives.
{"title":"Web‐based application to guide sampling on salmon farms for more precise estimation of sea louse abundance","authors":"Jaewoon Jeong, Crawford W. Revie","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10346","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveEfficiently managing sea lice on salmon farms through active surveillance, crucial for lice abundance estimation, is challenging due to the need for effective sampling schemes. To address this, we developed an application that considers infestation levels, farm structure, and management protocols, enhancing the precision of sampling strategies for sea louse abundance estimation.MethodsSimulation‐based methods are valuable for estimating suitable sample sizes in complex studies where standard formulae are inadequate. We introduce <jats:italic>FishSampling</jats:italic>, an open Web‐based application tailored to determine precise sample sizes for specific scenarios and objectives.ResultThe model incorporates factors such as sea lice abundance, farm pen numbers, potential clustering effects among these pens, and the desired confidence level. Simulation outcomes within this application provide practical advice on how to decide on the number of fish and pens to sample, under varying levels of assumed clustering.ConclusionThis approach can be used across the salmon aquaculture sector to improve sampling strategies for sea lice abundance estimation and balance surveillance costs against health objectives.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate several methods of operation of a foam fractionator for fine‐solids removal (organic matter < 55 μm) in a commercial‐scale, low‐salinity (11–13‰) recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for marine finfish production.MethodsThe total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of the RAS microscreen drum filter inflow and outflow and the foam fractionator outflow were obtained under various foam fractionator operating conditions. The outflow TSS concentration of the drum filter also served as the inflow TSS concentration for the foam fractionator. Sample collection for TSS determination was divided into two categories: particles greater than 55 μm and particles less than 55 μm. The difference between inflow and outflow TSS concentrations was used to determine the removal percentage for each particle class of each unit. Additionally, the volume of foammate produced under operating conditions by the fractionator and the amount of solids contained within the foammate were quantified. Flow through the foam fractionator was also obtained to determine the amount of solids removed per volume of influent water treated.ResultThe influent TSS concentration for the seven different operating conditions evaluated ranged from 4.8 to 6.3 mg/L, with the percentage of particles less than 55 μm ranging from 69.75% to as high as 86.1%. The drum filter removed over 90% of the particles larger than 55 μm and removed 8–26% of the particles smaller than 55 μm. No difference was observed in the overall removal efficiency of the drum filter, which ranged from 19% to 44%. There was no significant difference in the foam fractionator overall removal efficiency, which ranged from 6.5% to 38.5%. Operating the foam fractionator at a high water head height (HHH) with the submersible aspirating impeller provided the greatest removal percentage of particles less than 55 μm (26.9%). However, at the HHH, only half the amount of solids was removed compared to using a Venturi injector with ozone, but energy use was roughly 26% greater.ConclusionThe foam fractionator was operated at the HHH, about 0.31 m higher than the low water head height, for production operation. Additionally, Venturi injection of ozone provided the greatest removal of solids for the volume of influent water treated over a 12‐h operational period. The submersible aspirating impeller showed potential for low‐cost use with reasonable solids removal and warrants further evaluation.
{"title":"Fine‐solids removal by foam fractionation in a low‐salinity marine recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)","authors":"Timothy Pfeiffer, Richard Baptiste, Paul S. Wills","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10345","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate several methods of operation of a foam fractionator for fine‐solids removal (organic matter < 55 μm) in a commercial‐scale, low‐salinity (11–13‰) recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for marine finfish production.MethodsThe total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of the RAS microscreen drum filter inflow and outflow and the foam fractionator outflow were obtained under various foam fractionator operating conditions. The outflow TSS concentration of the drum filter also served as the inflow TSS concentration for the foam fractionator. Sample collection for TSS determination was divided into two categories: particles greater than 55 μm and particles less than 55 μm. The difference between inflow and outflow TSS concentrations was used to determine the removal percentage for each particle class of each unit. Additionally, the volume of foammate produced under operating conditions by the fractionator and the amount of solids contained within the foammate were quantified. Flow through the foam fractionator was also obtained to determine the amount of solids removed per volume of influent water treated.ResultThe influent TSS concentration for the seven different operating conditions evaluated ranged from 4.8 to 6.3 mg/L, with the percentage of particles less than 55 μm ranging from 69.75% to as high as 86.1%. The drum filter removed over 90% of the particles larger than 55 μm and removed 8–26% of the particles smaller than 55 μm. No difference was observed in the overall removal efficiency of the drum filter, which ranged from 19% to 44%. There was no significant difference in the foam fractionator overall removal efficiency, which ranged from 6.5% to 38.5%. Operating the foam fractionator at a high water head height (HHH) with the submersible aspirating impeller provided the greatest removal percentage of particles less than 55 μm (26.9%). However, at the HHH, only half the amount of solids was removed compared to using a Venturi injector with ozone, but energy use was roughly 26% greater.ConclusionThe foam fractionator was operated at the HHH, about 0.31 m higher than the low water head height, for production operation. Additionally, Venturi injection of ozone provided the greatest removal of solids for the volume of influent water treated over a 12‐h operational period. The submersible aspirating impeller showed potential for low‐cost use with reasonable solids removal and warrants further evaluation.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian G. Bosworth, Manoj Chandy Koshy, Cynthia C. Ware, Fernando Y. Yamamoto, Todd S. Byars, Matt J. Griffin, David J. Wise
ObjectiveThe Delta Select line of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus was established in 2006 and has undergone five generations of genetic selection, specifically targeting increased growth rate and carcass yield, and was released to U.S. catfish farmers in 2020. While improvements in growth rate and carcass yield have been confirmed, performance for other important production traits has yet to be evaluated. Infectious disease, particularly bacterial infections caused by Edwardsiella spp., cause significant economic losses to catfish producers in the southeastern United States. Given the economic consequences of these bacterial pathogens, experimental infectivity trials were conducted comparing susceptibility to Edwardsiella spp. between the Delta Select line and a randomly bred line of Channel Catfish originating from the same base population (Delta Control line).MethodsTwenty‐six full‐sib families from each line were used in infectivity trials consisting of a high and a low dose of E. ictaluri (immersion challenge: high dose = 1.6 × 107 CFU/mL, low dose = 8.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and E. piscicida (intracoelomic challenge: high dose = 6.3 × 105 CFU/fish, low dose = 1.9 × 105 CFU/fish).ResultThe high challenge dose resulted in the highest mortality for both pathogens (p < 0.001), regardless of selection line. There was no significant difference in cumulative percent mortality between the Delta Select and Delta Control lines following the E. ictaluri challenge at either dose (p = 0.55). Delta Selects had reduced mortality (p < 0.001) in response to E. piscicida challenge compared with the Delta Controls, regardless of dose.ConclusionThese results indicate that selection for increased growth rate and carcass yield in the Delta Select Channel Catfish line did not negatively impact resistance to E. ictaluri while potentially improving resistance to E. piscicida.
目的：Delta 选择系鮰鱼（Ictalurus punctatus）于 2006 年建立，经过五代遗传选育，特别是以提高生长率和胴体产量为目标，于 2020 年向美国鮰鱼养殖户推出。虽然生长速度和胴体产量的提高已得到证实，但其他重要生产性状的表现还有待评估。传染病，尤其是由爱德华氏菌引起的细菌感染，给美国东南部的鲶鱼生产者造成了巨大的经济损失。鉴于这些细菌病原体造成的经济后果，我们进行了感染性试验，比较三角洲选择品系和随机培育的源于同一基础种群的海峡鲶鱼品系（三角洲对照品系）对 Edwardsiella spp.结果无论选育品系如何，高剂量挑战导致两种病原体的死亡率最高（p < 0.001）。在任何剂量下，Delta 选择品系和 Delta 对照品系在 E. ictaluri 挑战后的累积死亡率均无明显差异（p = 0.55）。与 Delta 对照品系相比，Delta 选择品系在受到 E. piscicida 挑战后的死亡率降低（p < 0.001），与剂量无关。结论：这些结果表明，Delta 选择品系在提高生长速度和胴体产量方面的选择不会对 E. ictaluri 的抗性产生负面影响，同时还可能提高对 E. piscicida 的抗性。
{"title":"Susceptibility of Delta Select and Delta Control Channel Catfish lines to experimental Edwardsiella ictaluri and Edwardsiella piscicida infection","authors":"Brian G. Bosworth, Manoj Chandy Koshy, Cynthia C. Ware, Fernando Y. Yamamoto, Todd S. Byars, Matt J. Griffin, David J. Wise","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10338","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe Delta Select line of Channel Catfish <jats:italic>Ictalurus punctatus</jats:italic> was established in 2006 and has undergone five generations of genetic selection, specifically targeting increased growth rate and carcass yield, and was released to U.S. catfish farmers in 2020. While improvements in growth rate and carcass yield have been confirmed, performance for other important production traits has yet to be evaluated. Infectious disease, particularly bacterial infections caused by <jats:italic>Edwardsiella</jats:italic> spp., cause significant economic losses to catfish producers in the southeastern United States. Given the economic consequences of these bacterial pathogens, experimental infectivity trials were conducted comparing susceptibility to <jats:italic>Edwardsiella</jats:italic> spp. between the Delta Select line and a randomly bred line of Channel Catfish originating from the same base population (Delta Control line).MethodsTwenty‐six full‐sib families from each line were used in infectivity trials consisting of a high and a low dose of <jats:italic>E. ictaluri</jats:italic> (immersion challenge: high dose = 1.6 × 10<jats:sup>7</jats:sup> CFU/mL, low dose = 8.0 × 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> CFU/mL) and <jats:italic>E. piscicida</jats:italic> (intracoelomic challenge: high dose = 6.3 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> CFU/fish, low dose = 1.9 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> CFU/fish).ResultThe high challenge dose resulted in the highest mortality for both pathogens (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001), regardless of selection line. There was no significant difference in cumulative percent mortality between the Delta Select and Delta Control lines following the <jats:italic>E. ictaluri</jats:italic> challenge at either dose (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.55). Delta Selects had reduced mortality (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) in response to <jats:italic>E. piscicida</jats:italic> challenge compared with the Delta Controls, regardless of dose.ConclusionThese results indicate that selection for increased growth rate and carcass yield in the Delta Select Channel Catfish line did not negatively impact resistance to <jats:italic>E. ictaluri</jats:italic> while potentially improving resistance to <jats:italic>E. piscicida</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulises Amador‐Marrero, Silvie Dumas, Sergio F. Martínez‐Díaz, Mauricio Contreras‐Olguín, Laura Flores‐Montijo, Bárbara González‐Acosta, Ricardo Vázquez‐Juárez, Norma Estrada, Patricia J. Ramírez‐Arenas
ObjectiveThe copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris has recently increased its use as live food in marine fish hatcheries.MethodsTo investigate the bacterial community of P. crassirostris nauplii and explore the potential use of nauplii as a vector for probiotics, adult copepods were reared with or without a probiotic consortium (Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp.). Nauplii from both treatments were either enriched with probiotics or not, resulting in four treatments: control rearing and nonenriched, control rearing and probiotic enriched, probiotic rearing and nonenriched, and probiotic rearing probiotic enriched. A next‐generation sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed.ResultThe bacterial community of nauplii without probiotics was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria (mean ± standard deviation = 51.5 ± 8.0%) and Bacteroidetes (27.6 ± 6.7%); from these phyla, the most abundant orders were Rhodobacterales (21.8 ± 2.0%), Flavobacteriales (13.5 ± 9.4%), Chitinophagales (9.7 ± 1.8%), Alteromonadales (9.5 ± 4.0%), and Burkholderiales (3.8 ± 0.8%). Opportunistic pathogenic bacterial genera, such as Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp., were detected at very low relative abundances (<1.2%), indicating that P. crassirostris nauplii could be considered a safe microbiological live feed. Furthermore, P. crassirostris nauplii were a good vector for probiotics delivery, as the adhesion of probiotics on the copepod exoskeleton was successful. Bacillus spp. abundance was 5–6× greater than the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in P. crassirostris nauplii. The highest mean values of probiotics relative abundance (Bacillus spp. 41 ± 6.0%, Lactobacillus spp. 6.0 ± 3.0%) were observed in nauplii that were reared with probiotics and also enriched with probiotics.ConclusionParvocalanus crassirostris nauplii stages I–II appear to be good vectors to provide probiotics to first‐feeding fish larvae.
{"title":"Bacterial community of Parvocalanus crassirostris nauplii and the potential of nauplii as a vector for early probiotic supply to fish larvae","authors":"Ulises Amador‐Marrero, Silvie Dumas, Sergio F. Martínez‐Díaz, Mauricio Contreras‐Olguín, Laura Flores‐Montijo, Bárbara González‐Acosta, Ricardo Vázquez‐Juárez, Norma Estrada, Patricia J. Ramírez‐Arenas","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10331","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe copepod <jats:italic>Parvocalanus crassirostris</jats:italic> has recently increased its use as live food in marine fish hatcheries.MethodsTo investigate the bacterial community of <jats:italic>P. crassirostris</jats:italic> nauplii and explore the potential use of nauplii as a vector for probiotics, adult copepods were reared with or without a probiotic consortium (<jats:italic>Bacillus</jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus</jats:italic> spp.). Nauplii from both treatments were either enriched with probiotics or not, resulting in four treatments: control rearing and nonenriched, control rearing and probiotic enriched, probiotic rearing and nonenriched, and probiotic rearing probiotic enriched. A next‐generation sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed.ResultThe bacterial community of nauplii without probiotics was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria (mean ± standard deviation = 51.5 ± 8.0%) and Bacteroidetes (27.6 ± 6.7%); from these phyla, the most abundant orders were Rhodobacterales (21.8 ± 2.0%), Flavobacteriales (13.5 ± 9.4%), Chitinophagales (9.7 ± 1.8%), Alteromonadales (9.5 ± 4.0%), and Burkholderiales (3.8 ± 0.8%). Opportunistic pathogenic bacterial genera, such as <jats:italic>Vibrio</jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic> spp., were detected at very low relative abundances (<1.2%), indicating that <jats:italic>P. crassirostris</jats:italic> nauplii could be considered a safe microbiological live feed. Furthermore, <jats:italic>P. crassirostris</jats:italic> nauplii were a good vector for probiotics delivery, as the adhesion of probiotics on the copepod exoskeleton was successful. <jats:italic>Bacillus</jats:italic> spp. abundance was 5–6× greater than the abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus</jats:italic> spp. in <jats:italic>P. crassirostris</jats:italic> nauplii. The highest mean values of probiotics relative abundance (<jats:italic>Bacillus</jats:italic> spp. 41 ± 6.0%, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus</jats:italic> spp. 6.0 ± 3.0%) were observed in nauplii that were reared with probiotics and also enriched with probiotics.Conclusion<jats:italic>Parvocalanus crassirostris</jats:italic> nauplii stages I–II appear to be good vectors to provide probiotics to first‐feeding fish larvae.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eggs of Walleye Sander vitreus are typically incubated in upwelling jars. The relatively large number of eggs required for efficient and effective incubation in each jar, along with the difficulties in accurately quantifying egg survival to fry hatch, inhibits the replication needed for the controlled experimentation of Walleye spawning procedures and egg development. In addition, the use of production-sized incubators for experiments can be problematic because of the risks associated with potentially hazardous treatments on large numbers of eggs. This study evaluated the technique of incubating small numbers of Walleye eggs in Petri dishes.
{"title":"Incubation of Walleye eggs in Petri dishes","authors":"Jill M. Voorhees, Michael E. Barnes","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10339","url":null,"abstract":"Eggs of Walleye Sander vitreus are typically incubated in upwelling jars. The relatively large number of eggs required for efficient and effective incubation in each jar, along with the difficulties in accurately quantifying egg survival to fry hatch, inhibits the replication needed for the controlled experimentation of Walleye spawning procedures and egg development. In addition, the use of production-sized incubators for experiments can be problematic because of the risks associated with potentially hazardous treatments on large numbers of eggs. This study evaluated the technique of incubating small numbers of Walleye eggs in Petri dishes.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140182076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bradley D. Farmer, David L. Straus, J. Alan Johnson, Cynthia K. Ledbetter, Michael B. Deshotel
ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of repeated copper sulfate (CuSO4) treatments on the growth and survival of juvenile Walleye Sander vitreus.MethodsCulture tanks were treated with 0 or 0.76 mg/L CuSO4 every other day for five exposures, then were not treated for 14 consecutive days; this regimen was repeated for a total of 10 exposures over the course of 50 days. Copper sulfate treatments had a half‐life of about 60 min. The study was conducted in flow‐through well water at ≈1.5 L/m and 23.8°C.ResultThe resulting survival data for CuSO4 treated and nontreated fish was 96% and 85% survival, respectively, and not statically different. There was no difference in weight, with treated weighing 25.3 g compared to 25.2 g for nontreated control fish. Both groups had weight increases of over 400% during the study. Neither group differed in length, with treated fish reaching a mean length of 14.6 cm and nontreated reaching a mean length of 14.5 cm.ConclusionThe results indicate that repeated CuSO4 treatments had no effect on Walleye growth or survival.
{"title":"Repeated copper sulfate treatments have no effect on growth and survival of juvenile Walleye","authors":"Bradley D. Farmer, David L. Straus, J. Alan Johnson, Cynthia K. Ledbetter, Michael B. Deshotel","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10333","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of repeated copper sulfate (CuSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) treatments on the growth and survival of juvenile Walleye <jats:italic>Sander vitreus</jats:italic>.MethodsCulture tanks were treated with 0 or 0.76 mg/L CuSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> every other day for five exposures, then were not treated for 14 consecutive days; this regimen was repeated for a total of 10 exposures over the course of 50 days. Copper sulfate treatments had a half‐life of about 60 min. The study was conducted in flow‐through well water at ≈1.5 L/m and 23.8°C.ResultThe resulting survival data for CuSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> treated and nontreated fish was 96% and 85% survival, respectively, and not statically different. There was no difference in weight, with treated weighing 25.3 g compared to 25.2 g for nontreated control fish. Both groups had weight increases of over 400% during the study. Neither group differed in length, with treated fish reaching a mean length of 14.6 cm and nontreated reaching a mean length of 14.5 cm.ConclusionThe results indicate that repeated CuSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> treatments had no effect on Walleye growth or survival.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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