Pei-Sheng Chiu, Shine-Wei Ho, Jie Hsu, Cheng-Hsuan Huang, Yen-Chun Lee, Yu-Hung Lin
The white-barred goby, Amblygobius phalaena, is a popular ornamental fish in the marine aquarium market. To achieve successful commercial production, efficient larval rearing techniques are crucial. Previous studies have achieved successful cultivation of A. phalaena larvae using a combination of three live feed organisms: ciliates Euplotes sp., rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis, and copepod Apocyclops royi nauplii during the first feeding stage. However, the specific contributions of these live feed organisms to larval survival and growth remain unclear. Moreover, the optimal feeding density for the critical initial live feed organism has not been determined experimentally. In this study, we aimed to enhance the larviculture protocol for A. phalaena by introducing oyster trochophores and addressing these knowledge gaps. Our experiments revealed that A. phalaena larvae could consume both oyster trochophores and Euplotes sp. during the first feeding stage. However, larva exhibited superior survival and growth performance when fed oyster trochophores. The optimal feeding density of oyster trochophores was determined to be 10 individuals (ind.)/mL, while a feeding density as high as 20 ind./mL resulted in decreased larval feeding incidence. These findings have significant implications for enhancing larval production programs of marine ornamental gobies and promoting their sustainable commercialization.
{"title":"First feeding of marine ornamental goby Amblygobius phalaena: investigating the optimal initial live feed organisms and its feeding density","authors":"Pei-Sheng Chiu, Shine-Wei Ho, Jie Hsu, Cheng-Hsuan Huang, Yen-Chun Lee, Yu-Hung Lin","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10326","url":null,"abstract":"The white-barred goby, <i>Amblygobius phalaena</i>, is a popular ornamental fish in the marine aquarium market. To achieve successful commercial production, efficient larval rearing techniques are crucial. Previous studies have achieved successful cultivation of <i>A</i>. <i>phalaena</i> larvae using a combination of three live feed organisms: ciliates <i>Euplotes</i> sp., rotifers <i>Brachionus rotundiformis</i>, and copepod <i>Apocyclops royi</i> nauplii during the first feeding stage. However, the specific contributions of these live feed organisms to larval survival and growth remain unclear. Moreover, the optimal feeding density for the critical initial live feed organism has not been determined experimentally. In this study, we aimed to enhance the larviculture protocol for <i>A</i>. <i>phalaena</i> by introducing oyster trochophores and addressing these knowledge gaps. Our experiments revealed that <i>A</i>. <i>phalaena</i> larvae could consume both oyster trochophores and <i>Euplotes</i> sp. during the first feeding stage. However, larva exhibited superior survival and growth performance when fed oyster trochophores. The optimal feeding density of oyster trochophores was determined to be 10 individuals (ind.)/mL, while a feeding density as high as 20 ind./mL resulted in decreased larval feeding incidence. These findings have significant implications for enhancing larval production programs of marine ornamental gobies and promoting their sustainable commercialization.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caitlin E. Older, Fernando Y. Yamamoto, Matt J. Griffin, Cynthia Ware, Taylor I. Heckman, Esteban Soto, Brian G. Bosworth, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser
Bacterial community profiling in aquaculture can be useful for monitoring environmental conditions that may lead to disease outbreaks, understanding the impact of dietary treatments on fish health, and identifying microbes that have potential as probiotics. Microbiota characterization is commonly performed with high-throughput sequencing using short-read platforms (i.e., Illumina) targeting variable regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Long-read platforms (i.e., Oxford Nanopore Technologies [ONT]) enable sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. While short-read platforms are highly accurate, long-read platforms sacrifice sequence quality in exchange for longer read lengths.
{"title":"Comparison of high-throughput sequencing methods for bacterial microbiota profiling in catfish aquaculture","authors":"Caitlin E. Older, Fernando Y. Yamamoto, Matt J. Griffin, Cynthia Ware, Taylor I. Heckman, Esteban Soto, Brian G. Bosworth, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10309","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial community profiling in aquaculture can be useful for monitoring environmental conditions that may lead to disease outbreaks, understanding the impact of dietary treatments on fish health, and identifying microbes that have potential as probiotics. Microbiota characterization is commonly performed with high-throughput sequencing using short-read platforms (i.e., Illumina) targeting variable regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Long-read platforms (i.e., Oxford Nanopore Technologies [ONT]) enable sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. While short-read platforms are highly accurate, long-read platforms sacrifice sequence quality in exchange for longer read lengths.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salah M. Aly, Noha I. ElBanna, Mohamed A. Elatta, Nashwa Abdel Razek, Asmaa O. El‐Ramlawy, Mahmoud Mabrok, Mohamed Fathi
Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of a potential probiotic feed mixture containing Pseudomonas putida , in comparison to a yeast product ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), on the growth, immune response, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus . Methods Nile Tilapia were divided into three groups and subjected to a 60‐day feeding regimen: the first group served as a control, receiving a commercial diet; the second group received a basal diet mixed with 1 × 10 7 CFU/g diet of P. putida ; and the third group was fed a basal diet mixed with 1 g/kg diet of dried S. cerevisiae , resulting in a final concentration of 10 7 CFU/g of feeds. After 2 months of supplementation, various parameters including survival rate, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, serum lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila were evaluated. Result Both probiotic‐treated groups exhibited significant improvements compared to the control group. Specifically, enhanced survival rates, body weight gains, feed conversion rates, and specific growth rates were observed in the probiotic‐treated groups. Moreover, these groups demonstrated increased serum lysozyme, phagocytic, and nitroblue tetrazolium activities, indicative of an improved immune response. Notably, the probiotic‐treated groups displayed enhanced resistance against A. hydrophila infection. Histopathological examination revealed that P. putida significantly augmented the nonspecific immune response in Nile Tilapia. Conclusion This preliminary study underscores the potential benefits of P. putida supplementation in Nile Tilapia diets. The inclusion of P. putida resulted in enhanced growth performance, improved immune status, and effective control of A. hydrophila infection. These findings suggest that P. putida holds promise as a valuable component in feed mixtures for promoting the growth and health of Nile Tilapia.
{"title":"Potential of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> probiotic feed mixture for improving growth, immune response, and disease resistance in Nile Tilapia compared to <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> probiotic","authors":"Salah M. Aly, Noha I. ElBanna, Mohamed A. Elatta, Nashwa Abdel Razek, Asmaa O. El‐Ramlawy, Mahmoud Mabrok, Mohamed Fathi","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of a potential probiotic feed mixture containing Pseudomonas putida , in comparison to a yeast product ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), on the growth, immune response, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus . Methods Nile Tilapia were divided into three groups and subjected to a 60‐day feeding regimen: the first group served as a control, receiving a commercial diet; the second group received a basal diet mixed with 1 × 10 7 CFU/g diet of P. putida ; and the third group was fed a basal diet mixed with 1 g/kg diet of dried S. cerevisiae , resulting in a final concentration of 10 7 CFU/g of feeds. After 2 months of supplementation, various parameters including survival rate, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, serum lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila were evaluated. Result Both probiotic‐treated groups exhibited significant improvements compared to the control group. Specifically, enhanced survival rates, body weight gains, feed conversion rates, and specific growth rates were observed in the probiotic‐treated groups. Moreover, these groups demonstrated increased serum lysozyme, phagocytic, and nitroblue tetrazolium activities, indicative of an improved immune response. Notably, the probiotic‐treated groups displayed enhanced resistance against A. hydrophila infection. Histopathological examination revealed that P. putida significantly augmented the nonspecific immune response in Nile Tilapia. Conclusion This preliminary study underscores the potential benefits of P. putida supplementation in Nile Tilapia diets. The inclusion of P. putida resulted in enhanced growth performance, improved immune status, and effective control of A. hydrophila infection. These findings suggest that P. putida holds promise as a valuable component in feed mixtures for promoting the growth and health of Nile Tilapia.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"2012 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian G. Bosworth, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Carole Engle, Ganesh Kumar
Abstract Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of broodfish management on reproductive efficiency of pond‐spawned Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Trial 1 compared male to female broodfish sex ratios of 1:1 vs. 1:4; Trial 2 compared low (1,065 kg/ha) vs. high (2050 kg/ha) broodfish stocking densities; and Trial 3 compared low (1525 kg/ha) and high (5,780 kg/ha) post‐spawn broodfish holding‐pond densities on measures of reproductive efficiency. Males had lower survival than females in all trials. Age, weight, and survival of broodfish were similar for each treatment within trials. A higher percentage of females spawned at the 1:1 male to female ratio than at the 1:4 ratio (40.8% vs 12.5%), resulting in more eggs/ha, eggs/kg of broodfish, fry/ha and fry/kg of broodfish for the 1:1 ratio compared to the 1:4 ratio. Male spawning success (~31%) was similar for 1:1 and 1:4 sex ratios. Spawning fish weighed more than non‐spawning fish for both sexes and surviving males weighed less than non‐surviving males in Trial 1. In Trial 2, the percentage of egg masses collected per female stocked was higher for the high broodfish density than the low density (34.0 vs. 16.4%), resulting in more eggs/ha and fry/ha for the high stocking density resulting in whole‐farm economic benefits ranging from $323‐828/ha primarily from the reduction in the area required for broodstock. Results indicate the 1:1 male to female broodfish ratio (Trial 1) and high broodfish stocking density (Trial 2) resulted in better reproduction than the 1:4 sex ratio and low broodfish stocking density. The effects of low vs. high broodfish holding‐pond densities didn't affect reproductive output.
摘要通过3项试验，研究了养鱼管理对池产海峡鲶鱼(Ictalurus punctatus)繁殖效率的影响。试验1比较了雄雌亲鱼的性别比为1:1 vs. 1:4;试验2比较了低(1065公斤/公顷)和高(2050公斤/公顷)亲鱼放养密度;试验3比较了低密度(1525公斤/公顷)和高密度(5780公斤/公顷)的产卵后池育鱼密度对繁殖效率的影响。在所有试验中，男性的存活率都低于女性。在试验中，每次处理的亲鱼的年龄、体重和存活率相似。与1:4的比例相比，1:1的雌鱼产卵比例更高(40.8%对12.5%)，导致1:1的比例比1:4的比例更多的卵/公顷、卵/公斤亲鱼、苗/公顷和苗/公斤亲鱼。雌雄比例为1:1和1:4时，雄鱼产卵成功率(~31%)相似。在试验1中，无论性别，产卵鱼的体重都大于非产卵鱼，而存活的雄鱼的体重低于非存活的雄鱼。在试验2中，高亲鱼密度比低亲鱼密度高(34.0比16.4%)，导致高放养密度的雌鱼每公顷收获更多的卵和鱼苗，导致整个农场的经济效益在323 - 828美元/公顷之间，主要是由于亲鱼所需面积的减少。结果表明:1∶1雄雌比(试验1)和高放养密度(试验2)比1∶4雄雌比和低放养密度(试验2)繁殖效果好。养鱼池密度高低对繁殖产量没有影响。
{"title":"Effects of broodfish sex ratio, broodfish stocking density, and post‐spawn broodfish holding‐pond density on reproductive efficiency in pond‐spawned Channel Catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>","authors":"Brian G. Bosworth, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Carole Engle, Ganesh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of broodfish management on reproductive efficiency of pond‐spawned Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Trial 1 compared male to female broodfish sex ratios of 1:1 vs. 1:4; Trial 2 compared low (1,065 kg/ha) vs. high (2050 kg/ha) broodfish stocking densities; and Trial 3 compared low (1525 kg/ha) and high (5,780 kg/ha) post‐spawn broodfish holding‐pond densities on measures of reproductive efficiency. Males had lower survival than females in all trials. Age, weight, and survival of broodfish were similar for each treatment within trials. A higher percentage of females spawned at the 1:1 male to female ratio than at the 1:4 ratio (40.8% vs 12.5%), resulting in more eggs/ha, eggs/kg of broodfish, fry/ha and fry/kg of broodfish for the 1:1 ratio compared to the 1:4 ratio. Male spawning success (~31%) was similar for 1:1 and 1:4 sex ratios. Spawning fish weighed more than non‐spawning fish for both sexes and surviving males weighed less than non‐surviving males in Trial 1. In Trial 2, the percentage of egg masses collected per female stocked was higher for the high broodfish density than the low density (34.0 vs. 16.4%), resulting in more eggs/ha and fry/ha for the high stocking density resulting in whole‐farm economic benefits ranging from $323‐828/ha primarily from the reduction in the area required for broodstock. Results indicate the 1:1 male to female broodfish ratio (Trial 1) and high broodfish stocking density (Trial 2) resulted in better reproduction than the 1:4 sex ratio and low broodfish stocking density. The effects of low vs. high broodfish holding‐pond densities didn't affect reproductive output.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a byproduct of ethanol production from cereal grains, has seen limited use by fish feed manufacturers as an alternative protein source. Over the past 20 years, advances and greater uniformity in processing methods have improved the quality of DDGS, and likely, its digestibility by fish. Our objective was to reevaluate the digestibility of corn DDGS by Nile tilapia using a present‐day commercial product. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for the major proximate nutrients (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash, digestible energy, and phosphorus) were determined using a practical, commercial‐type feed that was formulated and processed with DDGS supplied at 30% as w:w substitution (DDGS diet) of the reference diet (Ref). After drying, Ref and DDGS diets were top‐coated with phytase (3310 FTU/kg) + xylanase (7665 BXU/kg) enzymes (Ref+ and DDGS+) and compared to their untreated dietary counterparts. Digestibility of crude protein was similar among diets and unaffected by enzyme treatment. For dry matter and digestible energy, ADC values were significantly lower for the DDGS diet, but enzyme addition improved digestibility to that of the Ref diets. Apparent digestibility for crude fat and ash was significantly better for the DDGS feed with ash digestibility improved after treatment with xylanase + phytase for both Ref+ and DDGS+. For phosphorus, digestibility was similar among the Ref, Ref+, and DDGS diets, but with enzyme treatment, the phosphorus ADC increased significantly in DDGS+. Results of this digestibility trial show that corn DDGS is a highly digestible protein source for use in feeds of Nile tilapia at 30% of diet. Generally, apparent digestibility of proximate nutrients was either better or similar in DDGS when compared to the reference diet and could be further improved with addition of xylanase + phytase.
{"title":"Digestibility of corn distiller's dried grains with solubles in practical feeds with phytase and xylanase treatment fed to Nile tilapia","authors":"Thomas L. Welker, Wendy Sealey, Ronnie Tan","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10325","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a byproduct of ethanol production from cereal grains, has seen limited use by fish feed manufacturers as an alternative protein source. Over the past 20 years, advances and greater uniformity in processing methods have improved the quality of DDGS, and likely, its digestibility by fish. Our objective was to reevaluate the digestibility of corn DDGS by Nile tilapia using a present‐day commercial product. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for the major proximate nutrients (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash, digestible energy, and phosphorus) were determined using a practical, commercial‐type feed that was formulated and processed with DDGS supplied at 30% as w:w substitution (DDGS diet) of the reference diet (Ref). After drying, Ref and DDGS diets were top‐coated with phytase (3310 FTU/kg) + xylanase (7665 BXU/kg) enzymes (Ref+ and DDGS+) and compared to their untreated dietary counterparts. Digestibility of crude protein was similar among diets and unaffected by enzyme treatment. For dry matter and digestible energy, ADC values were significantly lower for the DDGS diet, but enzyme addition improved digestibility to that of the Ref diets. Apparent digestibility for crude fat and ash was significantly better for the DDGS feed with ash digestibility improved after treatment with xylanase + phytase for both Ref+ and DDGS+. For phosphorus, digestibility was similar among the Ref, Ref+, and DDGS diets, but with enzyme treatment, the phosphorus ADC increased significantly in DDGS+. Results of this digestibility trial show that corn DDGS is a highly digestible protein source for use in feeds of Nile tilapia at 30% of diet. Generally, apparent digestibility of proximate nutrients was either better or similar in DDGS when compared to the reference diet and could be further improved with addition of xylanase + phytase.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"12 4‐5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Wang, Tingshuang Pan, He Jiang, Guoqing Duan, Jun Ling
Abstract Fermented feed (FF) has several significant advantages in aquaculture. However, little is known about the characteristics of intestinal and environmental microbiota in Eriocheir sinensis . This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between bacterial communities in the intestine of E. sinensis and the surrounding environment, and to compare the bacterial communities in FF and non‐FF diet modes, using 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. Results showed fermented feed diets mainly influence alpha diversity of intestinal microbiomes, but can affect microbial community structures of beta diversity in water and sediment. Compared to water and sediment, crab intestines had the lowest operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and bacterial community diversity. OTU richness and Chao values were lower in the intestines of crabs fed FF than in those fed non‐FF. No significant differences were observed in the bacterial diversity and OTU richness of water and sediment between the two feeding modes. The bacterial community structures were significantly different among the three environments. Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in the crab intestine, sediment, and water, respectively. Bacterial functions were also difference among three different environments. The proportions of nitrate reduction and fermentation, nitrification and sulfate respiration, chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were higher in the intestine, sediment and water of fermented feeds feeding mode, respectively. These results will help us devise dietary strategies to steer the crab intestinal microbiota and provide guidance for sustainable crab culture practices.
{"title":"The effect of fermented feed on intestinal, surrounding water, and sediment microbiomes of <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>","authors":"Huan Wang, Tingshuang Pan, He Jiang, Guoqing Duan, Jun Ling","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fermented feed (FF) has several significant advantages in aquaculture. However, little is known about the characteristics of intestinal and environmental microbiota in Eriocheir sinensis . This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between bacterial communities in the intestine of E. sinensis and the surrounding environment, and to compare the bacterial communities in FF and non‐FF diet modes, using 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. Results showed fermented feed diets mainly influence alpha diversity of intestinal microbiomes, but can affect microbial community structures of beta diversity in water and sediment. Compared to water and sediment, crab intestines had the lowest operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and bacterial community diversity. OTU richness and Chao values were lower in the intestines of crabs fed FF than in those fed non‐FF. No significant differences were observed in the bacterial diversity and OTU richness of water and sediment between the two feeding modes. The bacterial community structures were significantly different among the three environments. Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in the crab intestine, sediment, and water, respectively. Bacterial functions were also difference among three different environments. The proportions of nitrate reduction and fermentation, nitrification and sulfate respiration, chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were higher in the intestine, sediment and water of fermented feeds feeding mode, respectively. These results will help us devise dietary strategies to steer the crab intestinal microbiota and provide guidance for sustainable crab culture practices.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"176 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Edwardsiella tarda is one of the primary emerging pathogens in fish aquaculture, responsible for Edwardsiellosis. The disease leads to significant economic loss to the farmers. Development of effective vaccines can minimise the disease burden. The type of vaccinations that are currently at the center of the most significant research are subunit vaccines. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs), being a component of the bacteria are very well known to be effective at stimulating immune responses in the host. In this study, the gene encoding for outer membrane protein S2 (OmpS2) of E. tarda was identified, cloned, and sequenced, followed by in silico analysis. The structure and sub‐cellular localization of the protein was first confirmed. Homology modelling of the whole protein was done and checked for its eligibility as a vaccine candidate. This was followed by identifying antigenic sites, B cell epitopes, and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte epitopes on OmpS2. We obtained a few distinct vaccine peptides from the OmpS2. The complete genome of the fish pathogen E. tarda was subjected to genome analysis to identify potential epitopes that would bind to the fish major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule to elicit both humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses. This study provides valuable insights to consider OmpS2 as a potential vaccine candidate against E. tarda infection .
{"title":"<i>In silico</i> Evaluation of Outer Membrane Protein <scp>S2</scp> as a Suitable Vaccine Candidate Against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection of Fish","authors":"Somanath Disha, Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha, Mave Harshitha, Biswajit Maiti","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Edwardsiella tarda is one of the primary emerging pathogens in fish aquaculture, responsible for Edwardsiellosis. The disease leads to significant economic loss to the farmers. Development of effective vaccines can minimise the disease burden. The type of vaccinations that are currently at the center of the most significant research are subunit vaccines. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs), being a component of the bacteria are very well known to be effective at stimulating immune responses in the host. In this study, the gene encoding for outer membrane protein S2 (OmpS2) of E. tarda was identified, cloned, and sequenced, followed by in silico analysis. The structure and sub‐cellular localization of the protein was first confirmed. Homology modelling of the whole protein was done and checked for its eligibility as a vaccine candidate. This was followed by identifying antigenic sites, B cell epitopes, and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte epitopes on OmpS2. We obtained a few distinct vaccine peptides from the OmpS2. The complete genome of the fish pathogen E. tarda was subjected to genome analysis to identify potential epitopes that would bind to the fish major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule to elicit both humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses. This study provides valuable insights to consider OmpS2 as a potential vaccine candidate against E. tarda infection .","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moureen Matuha, Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Kenneth D. Cain
Abstract Burbot ( Lota lota maculosa ) hold enormous potential for freshwater commercial aquaculture. Current larval burbot rearing involves providing live prey for initial feeding. Two trials were conducted to investigate the reduction of live prey for larval burbot. In Trial 1, five treatments were evaluated: the control group (C) received rotifers ( Brachionus plicatilis ) and Artemia spp. from 11‐50 days post‐hatch (DPH). Treatment one (Trt 1) had live feeds from 11‐78 DPH, treatment two (Trt 2) received only microparticulate diets, treatment three (Trt 3) fed rotifers at 11‐22 DPH and Gemma microparticulate diets at 21‐50 DPH, while treatment four (Trt 4) had rotifers at 11‐20 DPH, then co‐feeding of Artemia spp. and EZ Artemia (liquid Artemia replacement) at 21‐32 DPH, followed by EZ Artemia at 33‐40 DPH. Trial 1 revealed that providing EZ Artemia reduced the live feeding period by 17 days, but survival and growth were significantly lower compared to the control. In Trial 2, five feeding treatments were assessed: the control group (C) was the same as in Trial 1. Treatment one (Trt 1) received rotifers at 11‐25 DPH and EZ Artemia at 20‐50 DPH; treatment two (Trt 2) had Artemia spp. from 11‐30 DPH and EZ Artemia at 25‐50 DPH; treatment three (Trt 3) received only EZ Artemia ; treatment four (Trt 4) had Artemia spp. at 11‐21 DPH followed by co‐feeding of Artemia spp. and Gemma Wean at 22‐32 DPH, and exclusive feeding of Gemma Wean from 33‐78 DPH. Survival rates ranged from 0% to 30.94%, with Trt 1, Trt 2, and Trt 4 reducing the live feeding period by 17‐24 days. Survival for Trt 1 and Trt 2 groups did not significantly differ from the control. Overall, these studies demonstrate that eliminating rotifers or Artemia during burbot larviculture can be achieved with minimal adverse effects on survival and growth.
{"title":"Optimizing early weaning protocols for burbot (<i>Lota lota maculosa</i>) larvae","authors":"Moureen Matuha, Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Kenneth D. Cain","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Burbot ( Lota lota maculosa ) hold enormous potential for freshwater commercial aquaculture. Current larval burbot rearing involves providing live prey for initial feeding. Two trials were conducted to investigate the reduction of live prey for larval burbot. In Trial 1, five treatments were evaluated: the control group (C) received rotifers ( Brachionus plicatilis ) and Artemia spp. from 11‐50 days post‐hatch (DPH). Treatment one (Trt 1) had live feeds from 11‐78 DPH, treatment two (Trt 2) received only microparticulate diets, treatment three (Trt 3) fed rotifers at 11‐22 DPH and Gemma microparticulate diets at 21‐50 DPH, while treatment four (Trt 4) had rotifers at 11‐20 DPH, then co‐feeding of Artemia spp. and EZ Artemia (liquid Artemia replacement) at 21‐32 DPH, followed by EZ Artemia at 33‐40 DPH. Trial 1 revealed that providing EZ Artemia reduced the live feeding period by 17 days, but survival and growth were significantly lower compared to the control. In Trial 2, five feeding treatments were assessed: the control group (C) was the same as in Trial 1. Treatment one (Trt 1) received rotifers at 11‐25 DPH and EZ Artemia at 20‐50 DPH; treatment two (Trt 2) had Artemia spp. from 11‐30 DPH and EZ Artemia at 25‐50 DPH; treatment three (Trt 3) received only EZ Artemia ; treatment four (Trt 4) had Artemia spp. at 11‐21 DPH followed by co‐feeding of Artemia spp. and Gemma Wean at 22‐32 DPH, and exclusive feeding of Gemma Wean from 33‐78 DPH. Survival rates ranged from 0% to 30.94%, with Trt 1, Trt 2, and Trt 4 reducing the live feeding period by 17‐24 days. Survival for Trt 1 and Trt 2 groups did not significantly differ from the control. Overall, these studies demonstrate that eliminating rotifers or Artemia during burbot larviculture can be achieved with minimal adverse effects on survival and growth.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Living species of Acipenseriformes, sturgeon and paddlefish, are characteristically polyploid, having more than two complete sets of chromosomes (>2n). They undergo spontaneous autopolyploidy, an unintentional one and a half times increase in genome size, more frequently than any other order of fish. For Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens which are evolutionary octoploids (8n), spontaneous autopolyploidy results in fertile dodecaploid (12n) progeny. When 12n individuals’ reproduce with octoploids, it is possible that resulting decaploid (10n) offspring will have poor physiological performance and survivorship. Spontaneous autopolyploidy in the wild is very low; however, incidence in fish hatcheries is greater, as seen in other 8n sturgeon species. We investigated this disparity in Lake Sturgeon, predicting to find more dodecaploid individuals’ in hatchery populations than in the wild. Ploidy was determined using red blood cells from individuals’ in three hatchery and two wild populations of Lake Sturgeon in Manitoba, Canada ( n = 1004). Red blood cell volume was evaluated with a Z2 Coulter Counter and used to determine ploidy, based on the average of triplicate measures of the erythrocyte modal nuclei volume (fL). A subsample from each environment type was further examined using blood smear analysis ( n = 130) and flow cytometry ( n = 27). One 12n hatchery individual was found, along with significant differences in erythrocyte morphometry between the five populations. Fluctuations in modal nuclei volume were also observed over 169 days of repeated measurement within a single hatchery population. The well‐developed relationship between erythrocyte size and fishes external and physiological environment may explain the variance both between and within populations. These results demonstrate the need for ploidy monitoring in artificial hatcheries, as releasing even a single 12n fish could produce thousands of 10n offspring, that if recruited, would have a detrimental effect on the populations fitness.
{"title":"Comparing the incidence of spontaneous autopolyploidy in wild and hatchery Lake Sturgeon","authors":"Kaitlynn A. Weisgerber, W. Gary Anderson","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Living species of Acipenseriformes, sturgeon and paddlefish, are characteristically polyploid, having more than two complete sets of chromosomes (>2n). They undergo spontaneous autopolyploidy, an unintentional one and a half times increase in genome size, more frequently than any other order of fish. For Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens which are evolutionary octoploids (8n), spontaneous autopolyploidy results in fertile dodecaploid (12n) progeny. When 12n individuals’ reproduce with octoploids, it is possible that resulting decaploid (10n) offspring will have poor physiological performance and survivorship. Spontaneous autopolyploidy in the wild is very low; however, incidence in fish hatcheries is greater, as seen in other 8n sturgeon species. We investigated this disparity in Lake Sturgeon, predicting to find more dodecaploid individuals’ in hatchery populations than in the wild. Ploidy was determined using red blood cells from individuals’ in three hatchery and two wild populations of Lake Sturgeon in Manitoba, Canada ( n = 1004). Red blood cell volume was evaluated with a Z2 Coulter Counter and used to determine ploidy, based on the average of triplicate measures of the erythrocyte modal nuclei volume (fL). A subsample from each environment type was further examined using blood smear analysis ( n = 130) and flow cytometry ( n = 27). One 12n hatchery individual was found, along with significant differences in erythrocyte morphometry between the five populations. Fluctuations in modal nuclei volume were also observed over 169 days of repeated measurement within a single hatchery population. The well‐developed relationship between erythrocyte size and fishes external and physiological environment may explain the variance both between and within populations. These results demonstrate the need for ploidy monitoring in artificial hatcheries, as releasing even a single 12n fish could produce thousands of 10n offspring, that if recruited, would have a detrimental effect on the populations fitness.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"58 7-8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Sinem Gulen, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Michael L. Brown, Kenneth D. Cain
Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine how soy products affect Burbot Lota lota maculosa growth and gastric evacuation. The secondary objective was to determine the digestibility of common soy products in Burbot. Methods A 130‐day feed study was conducted with subadult (grow‐out stage) Burbot to evaluate performance with 25% of the dietary fish meal replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate compared with a control diet formulated to resemble a salmonid diet. Additionally, diets from the feed study, along with chironomid meal (a natural forage item), were used to determine Burbot gastric evacuation rates using fish naive to soy. These diets, containing over 12% soy, were applied to fish from the same cohort of Burbot used in the initial feed study. A digestibility assessment was conducted using diets with 30% of the fish meal replaced with soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and a fermented soybean meal. Result No differences in growth performance were observed. The gastric evacuation assessment revealed that soy protein concentrate was evacuated at a significantly higher rate than chironomid meal; however, no other differences in gastric evacuation rates among diets were detectable. Apparent digestibility of protein was significantly higher in the soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and fermented soybean meal treatments relative to the control diet. Apparent lipid digestibility was significantly lower in the soybean meal diet relative to the control diet; however, neither diet was significantly different from the soy protein concentrate or fermented soybean meal treatments. Conclusion Soy protein is highly digestible in grow‐out‐stage Burbot, these fish can be produced to market size on diets with ≥25% of the fish meal (relative to the experimental control diet) replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate with no impact on growth performance relative to a salmonid diet formulation.
{"title":"Partial dietary fishmeal replacement with soy products in <scp>grow‐out</scp>‐stage Burbot","authors":"Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Sinem Gulen, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Michael L. Brown, Kenneth D. Cain","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine how soy products affect Burbot Lota lota maculosa growth and gastric evacuation. The secondary objective was to determine the digestibility of common soy products in Burbot. Methods A 130‐day feed study was conducted with subadult (grow‐out stage) Burbot to evaluate performance with 25% of the dietary fish meal replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate compared with a control diet formulated to resemble a salmonid diet. Additionally, diets from the feed study, along with chironomid meal (a natural forage item), were used to determine Burbot gastric evacuation rates using fish naive to soy. These diets, containing over 12% soy, were applied to fish from the same cohort of Burbot used in the initial feed study. A digestibility assessment was conducted using diets with 30% of the fish meal replaced with soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and a fermented soybean meal. Result No differences in growth performance were observed. The gastric evacuation assessment revealed that soy protein concentrate was evacuated at a significantly higher rate than chironomid meal; however, no other differences in gastric evacuation rates among diets were detectable. Apparent digestibility of protein was significantly higher in the soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and fermented soybean meal treatments relative to the control diet. Apparent lipid digestibility was significantly lower in the soybean meal diet relative to the control diet; however, neither diet was significantly different from the soy protein concentrate or fermented soybean meal treatments. Conclusion Soy protein is highly digestible in grow‐out‐stage Burbot, these fish can be produced to market size on diets with ≥25% of the fish meal (relative to the experimental control diet) replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate with no impact on growth performance relative to a salmonid diet formulation.","PeriodicalId":19258,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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