Neurosciences最新文献

Objectives: To describe the clinical phenotype of eight children diagnosed with CD59 deficiency and their ultimate neurological outcome.

Methods: The data of our cases were extensively reviewed both clinical and ancillary tests; investigations included: neuroimaging, neurophysiological studies, and laboratory tests.

Results: All patients presented during early infancy with Guillain-Barre syndrome later they suffered repeated relapses leading to the diagnosis of chronic axonal neuropathy. Recurrent stroke and acute necrotizing encephalopathy were described, 2 patients in each group. One girl developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis while one boy developed acute transverse myelitis. Overt hemolytic anemia requiring blood transfusion reported in six patients.

Conclusion: Inherited CD59 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder which can have devastating neurological consequences. First line immunotherapy including intravenous immunoglobin, corticosteroids, and plasma exchange may have transient beneficial effect. Reports of targeted therapy with eculizumab might be lifesaving. Genetic counseling is crucial.

Objectives: To explore access to intervention services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Jordan.

Methods: We used prospective cross sectional design and survey methodology to collect information from the parents of a convenient sample of children with ASD aged 2.5-17 years and who attended pediatric neurology clinics in 3 different university affiliated hospitals in 3 geographic areas in Jordan from February to December 2018.

Results: We interviewed parents of 274 children with ASD. One hundred ninety-six (71.5%) received rehabilitation services. The average age at first session was 3.9 years. The most common services received were behavioral therapy (182; 66.4%). The average weekly hours were highest for speech and behavioral therapy; 6.25 and 6.64 respectively. Private centers for developmental disabilities were the most commonly used followed by private centers for ASD. The most common barriers were costs (138; 58%) and transportation (88; 37.5%). Most parents (198; 72.3%) prefer to receive rehabilitation in a specialized center for autism, and most did not want to receive training to train their child themselves.

Conclusion: Most children with ASD in Jordan have limited access to recommended autism services. The development of future interventions must consider the needs of those living in limited resource regions.

Objectives: To evaluate, in a Saudi Arabian context, how the COVID-19 pandemic psychologically impacted persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken during the period from October 2021 to March 2022. 738 participants resident in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) completed a self-administered online questionnaire. The research focused on persons diagnosed with MS.

Results: Participant ages spanned from 18 to over 55. The mean was 36.1±12.9 years old. Four hundred eighty-nine (66.3%) of the 738 participants were female. Two hundred sixty-four (35.8%) were single. Four hundred twelve (55.8%) were married. Six hundred eighty-five (92.8%) had received a COVID-19 vaccine. Regarding MS duration, 117 (15.9%) had been diagnosed for less than 2 years, 171 (23.2%) for 2-5 years, while 251 (34%) had the condition for 10 or more years. Regarding psychological health, 11.2% of participants complained of minimal/no depression, 33.3% of mild depression, 28.3% of moderate depression, and 27.1% of moderately severe to severe depression symptoms. Concerning anxiety, 17.2% of participants reported minimal anxiety, 36.9% mild, 23.3% moderate, while 22.6% suffered from severe anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression and anxiety was found, along with high prevalence of co-occurrence of these disorders among PwMS.

Alzheimer Disease (AD) constitutes a major global healthcare problem. Standard AD pharmacotherapies offer only modest transient cognitive and behavioral benefits. Aducanumab, an amyloid monoclonal antibody, was the first disease modifying agent to be approved for AD treatment. However, concerns about its efficacy and side effects led regulatory institutions around the world to restrict its use. Lecanemab was the second amyloid antibody to receive accelerated approval for use in early AD. This review and consensus statement was prepared by the Saudi Chapter of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology to review the current developments in AD immunotherapies from a Saudi perspective. We outline recommendations with regards to offering aducanumab and other future immunotherapies to Saudi AD patients. We describe resources, infrastructure, research, and clinical practice changes that must be attained to transform the patient journey and clinical pathways of AD in Saudi Arabia to enable offering AD immunotherapies in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To analyze the alterations in routine blood parameters in these patients. Generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS) is one main type of generalized epilepsy. Clinicians have recently found changes in routine blood parameters in GTCS patients.

Methods: A retrospective study of 45 GTCS patients and 200 healthy controls was conducted. Blood routine tests in emergency ward and on the second day of admission were retrieved. Changes in routine blood parameters, including red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the seizure episode day and the second day after seizure were analyzed.

Results: The GTCS patients had increased platelet count, RBC count, WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and NLR, especially at onset of GTCS episode, compared to the controls. These parameters had decreased on the second day after seizure onset. The neutrophil count and WBC count in GTCS cases with seizure duration <5 min were significantly lower than those with seizure duration >5 min. However, this phenomenon was not observed in other indices.

Conclusion: The GTCS may induce a transient increase in RBC count, WBC count, and platelet count, and obvious elevation in neutrophil count. There is a certain correlation between WBC count and the duration of seizures. Changes in routine blood parameters observed in GTCS patients may provide useful information clinically.

Dyk-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is one of the rare neurological conditions attributed to the development of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The DDMS condition is characterized by cerebral hemisphere asymmetry, where atrophy occurs on one side of the brain and clinically manifests as hemiparesis, seizure disorder, mental retardation, and facial asymmetry. In addition, the condition has various perinatal or postnatal etiologies. Herein, we report the case of a 29-year-old right-handed male with Dyke-Davidoff Masson syndrome and mild right-side weakness. The patient experiences attacks of seizures with stiffness in his right arm and right leg, sometimes experiencing agitation and abnormal movement of the body parts. The MRI of the brain showed asymmetry with atrophic changes involving the left hippocampus, consisting of mesial temporal sclerosis. Additionally, the results showed the presence of gyral hyperintensities over the left parietal region. Therefore, the patient's case is reported with a literature review to support it.