This study examines household accessibility to domestic water supply in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were obtained for this research. A systematic random sampling technique was adopted to gather relevant information from two hundred and ten households on their sources of water supply, frequency of trips to water collection points and their perception of quality of domestic water available to them. Relevant information was obtained from archival materials. Tables were employed to analyse the socio-economic composition of the respondents and the sources of water supply in their neighbourhoods. Likerts scale model was used to evaluate the perception of satisfaction on quality and adequacy of domestic water supply in the city. Analysis of Variance was also used to determine the level of satisfaction on the quantity and quality of domestic water supply across various residential areas in Lokoja. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the strength of the relationship between domestic water supply on the one hand and income level, education profile and residential characteristics of households on the other hand. Findings reveal that more than 70% of households residing at Zango Daji and Army Barracks areas rely on borehole for their regular water supply. Well water and water from vendors are the principal sources of water for residents of Felele area and these constituted 48.1% and 25.9% respectively. Approximately 100%, 57.7% and 34.6% of urban households that reside at Old Poly Quarters, Lokongoma Phase 1 & 11 and Kabawa areas respectively indicated that they rely on irregular and unpredictable public tap water supply provided by the Kogi State Water Management Board.Urban households perceived and rated the availability and quality of domestic water supply as dissatisfied. There was a positive correlation between sources of domestic water supply and urban households income level as well as education profile, which was statistically significant (r = .196, n = 189, p = .01) and (r = .282, n = 189, p = .01). The study recommends the provision of potable water to urban households in order to reduce the vulnerability of urban residents to water borne diseases in Lokoja and environs.
本研究调查了尼日利亚中北部Lokoja的家庭生活用水供应情况。本研究获得了第一手资料和第二手资料。采用了有系统的随机抽样技术，从210户家庭收集有关资料，说明他们的供水来源、前往集水点的次数以及他们对可获得的生活用水质量的看法。从档案资料中获得了相关信息。使用表格来分析回答者的社会经济组成及其所在社区的供水来源。采用Likerts比例模型评价城市居民对生活供水质量和充分性的满意度。方差分析还用于确定Lokoja各居民区生活供水的数量和质量的满意度。使用Pearson积矩相关来确定生活供水与家庭收入水平、教育概况和居住特征之间的关系强度。调查结果显示，居住在赞戈大集和军营地区的70%以上的家庭依靠钻孔供水。井水和摊贩水是Felele地区居民用水的主要来源，分别占48.1%和25.9%。居住在Old Poly Quarters、Lokongoma第一期和第11期以及Kabawa地区的城市家庭中，分别约有100%、57.7%和34.6%的家庭表示，他们依赖科吉州水管理委员会提供的不定期和不可预测的公共自来水供应。城市家庭对生活用水供应的可用性和质量的感知和评价不满意。家庭供水来源与城市家庭收入水平、受教育程度呈显著正相关(r = 0.196, n = 189, p = 0.01)和(r = 0.282, n = 189, p = 0.01)。该研究建议向城市家庭提供饮用水，以减少洛科贾及其周边地区城市居民对水传播疾病的易感性。
{"title":"Accessibility to Potable Water Supply and Satisfaction in Lokoja, Kogi State-Nigeria","authors":"M. A. Adetunji, H. O. John-Nwagwu","doi":"10.32350/gsr.12.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.12.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines household accessibility to domestic water supply in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were obtained for this research. A systematic random sampling technique was adopted to gather relevant information from two hundred and ten households on their sources of water supply, frequency of trips to water collection points and their perception of quality of domestic water available to them. Relevant information was obtained from archival materials. Tables were employed to analyse the socio-economic composition of the respondents and the sources of water supply in their neighbourhoods. Likerts scale model was used to evaluate the perception of satisfaction on quality and adequacy of domestic water supply in the city. Analysis of Variance was also used to determine the level of satisfaction on the quantity and quality of domestic water supply across various residential areas in Lokoja. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the strength of the relationship between domestic water supply on the one hand and income level, education profile and residential characteristics of households on the other hand. Findings reveal that more than 70% of households residing at Zango Daji and Army Barracks areas rely on borehole for their regular water supply. Well water and water from vendors are the principal sources of water for residents of Felele area and these constituted 48.1% and 25.9% respectively. Approximately 100%, 57.7% and 34.6% of urban households that reside at Old Poly Quarters, Lokongoma Phase 1 & 11 and Kabawa areas respectively indicated that they rely on irregular and unpredictable public tap water supply provided by the Kogi State Water Management Board.Urban households perceived and rated the availability and quality of domestic water supply as dissatisfied. There was a positive correlation between sources of domestic water supply and urban households income level as well as education profile, which was statistically significant (r = .196, n = 189, p = .01) and (r = .282, n = 189, p = .01). The study recommends the provision of potable water to urban households in order to reduce the vulnerability of urban residents to water borne diseases in Lokoja and environs.","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116574289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study is based on a situation faced by a public university official and provides opportunity to apply management concepts learnt in class. This case study presents a factual situation; however, for reasons of privacy and confidentiality the persons, organizations, and location are disguised. Furthermore, it highlights the dynamics of problems and decision making in bureaucratic public organizations under the influence of powerful actors. It expands on the scenarios that evolve with limited resources and influence of internal as well as external actors. It also provides an opportunity to discuss the changes associated with difference in work environments in public and private organizations as well as the use of technology in organizations. Obstacles in efficient communication, decision making, and bureaucratic hurdles in an organization are central to the situation presented in this case study.
{"title":"Buses Make the World Go Round","authors":"A. Manzoor, Albert John, Shafaq Arif","doi":"10.32350/gsr.12.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.12.06","url":null,"abstract":"This case study is based on a situation faced by a public university official and provides opportunity to apply management concepts learnt in class. This case study presents a factual situation; however, for reasons of privacy and confidentiality the persons, organizations, and location are disguised. Furthermore, it highlights the dynamics of problems and decision making in bureaucratic public organizations under the influence of powerful actors. It expands on the scenarios that evolve with limited resources and influence of internal as well as external actors. It also provides an opportunity to discuss the changes associated with difference in work environments in public and private organizations as well as the use of technology in organizations. Obstacles in efficient communication, decision making, and bureaucratic hurdles in an organization are central to the situation presented in this case study.","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126842971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated strategic management and planning practices for public service delivery (PSD) in public service organisations (PSOs) in The Gambia. The study adopted “qualitative research design”, through the conduct of in-depth interviews with senior public servants and beneficiaries of the selected PSOs, with a sample size of 20 using purposive sampling technique. The findings from interviews conducted with senior public servants and beneficiaries of PSOs showed that strategic plans of PSOs were formulated, implemented and evaluated in consultation with both internal and external stakeholders to accommodate divergent views and interests of influential groups and individuals in the study area. Also, the study established that PSOs reviewed and effected slight changes to their strategic plans to keep abreast with the environment during the implementation process. The paper concluded that strategic management has shaped PSD in PSOs; strategic plans implementation impacted on PSD; and that strategic plans implementation helped in achieving the goals and objectives of PSOs in PSD in the study area.
{"title":"A Qualitative Analysis of Strategic Management and Planning in the Gambian Public Service Organizations","authors":"Banna Sawaneh","doi":"10.32350/gsr.12.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.12.03","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated strategic management and planning practices for public service delivery (PSD) in public service organisations (PSOs) in The Gambia. The study adopted “qualitative research design”, through the conduct of in-depth interviews with senior public servants and beneficiaries of the selected PSOs, with a sample size of 20 using purposive sampling technique. The findings from interviews conducted with senior public servants and beneficiaries of PSOs showed that strategic plans of PSOs were formulated, implemented and evaluated in consultation with both internal and external stakeholders to accommodate divergent views and interests of influential groups and individuals in the study area. Also, the study established that PSOs reviewed and effected slight changes to their strategic plans to keep abreast with the environment during the implementation process. The paper concluded that strategic management has shaped PSD in PSOs; strategic plans implementation impacted on PSD; and that strategic plans implementation helped in achieving the goals and objectives of PSOs in PSD in the study area.","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126478298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed at Human Capital Development and the job satisfaction of staff in public tertiary institutions in Kogi State. The sample size (126) was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Simple & Stepwise Multiple Regression and Pearson correlation matrix were employed for data analysis. Finding showed that perceived safety culture in the institution and access to medical facilities have strong influence on job satisfaction of staff in the Public Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State. The study concluded that investment in human capital development is a panacea for issues relative to job satisfaction; and that Public Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State must give attention to social safety and health care. This study recommended that the management of Public Tertiary Institutions should increase investment in human capital development so as to facilitate improved career advancement, and sustain its safety culture and improve on access to medical facilities; as these are crucial for increased job satisfaction of staff in the Public Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State.
{"title":"Human Capital Development and Employee Job Satisfaction in Public Tertiary Institutions of Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"A. T. Nafiu, Sember Jennifer Orga, D. Aduku","doi":"10.32350/gsr.12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.12.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at Human Capital Development and the job satisfaction of staff in public tertiary institutions in Kogi State. The sample size (126) was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Simple & Stepwise Multiple Regression and Pearson correlation matrix were employed for data analysis. Finding showed that perceived safety culture in the institution and access to medical facilities have strong influence on job satisfaction of staff in the Public Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State. The study concluded that investment in human capital development is a panacea for issues relative to job satisfaction; and that Public Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State must give attention to social safety and health care. This study recommended that the management of Public Tertiary Institutions should increase investment in human capital development so as to facilitate improved career advancement, and sustain its safety culture and improve on access to medical facilities; as these are crucial for increased job satisfaction of staff in the Public Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State.","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114880941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The successful history of poverty elimination and impressive economic development in Malaysia for the post-colonial period regarded a worth model for growth in developing world. The question raised in this achievement was; how economic development affected on the state-building in the country? Therefore, the motive of the study is to examine the determinants of economic development on state-building. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model employed to test economic factors affecting the state-building. The study covered data spanning from 1970-2017. The long-run co-integration in the model has confirmed, and econometric diagnostic tests are robust. The study findings show that human capital, oil rent, and per capita income, positively and significantly affect state-building in the long-run. In the short-run, human capital and oil revenue effects positively and significant. Population growth, democracy, inflation, and financial development have confirmed a negative and significant impact on state-building. Policy implication has highlighted the importance of human capital development, macroeconomic stability, and population growth in Malaysia's state-building. Demographic transition exerts a considerable negative effect on state-building in the long-run, affecting the economic health and steady-state growth. Financial development inserting a negative impact on state-building to promote development. The study recommended that the economic policymakers and relevant bureaucracies correct the fiscal deficit and ease domestic financial institutions into the credits based on the findings. Malaysia is facing a demographic threat in the long run due to the aging population and low fertility rate; therefore, it have to re-address the population policy.
{"title":"Factors involved in Economic Development and their Impact on State-Building in Malaysia","authors":"Abdillahi Nedif Muse, Prof Dr Mohd","doi":"10.32350/gsr.12.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.12.04","url":null,"abstract":"The successful history of poverty elimination and impressive economic development in Malaysia for the post-colonial period regarded a worth model for growth in developing world. The question raised in this achievement was; how economic development affected on the state-building in the country? Therefore, the motive of the study is to examine the determinants of economic development on state-building. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model employed to test economic factors affecting the state-building. The study covered data spanning from 1970-2017. The long-run co-integration in the model has confirmed, and econometric diagnostic tests are robust. The study findings show that human capital, oil rent, and per capita income, positively and significantly affect state-building in the long-run. In the short-run, human capital and oil revenue effects positively and significant. Population growth, democracy, inflation, and financial development have confirmed a negative and significant impact on state-building. Policy implication has highlighted the importance of human capital development, macroeconomic stability, and population growth in Malaysia's state-building. Demographic transition exerts a considerable negative effect on state-building in the long-run, affecting the economic health and steady-state growth. Financial development inserting a negative impact on state-building to promote development. The study recommended that the economic policymakers and relevant bureaucracies correct the fiscal deficit and ease domestic financial institutions into the credits based on the findings. Malaysia is facing a demographic threat in the long run due to the aging population and low fertility rate; therefore, it have to re-address the population policy.","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126361161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habibat Onojo Abdullahi, Dare Joseph Enimola, Cynthia Unekwu
The study focused on Information and Communication Technology and Healthcare Delivery in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study specifically ascertained the effects of risk tolerance and costs on the adoption of ICT in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State; and investigated the extent at which ICT adoption can influence efficiency in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State. Research survey design was employed. The study targeted 53 public healthcare facilities in Kogi State. 229 health personnel actively participated in the study. Data were collected; presented and analyzed using frequency distribution table. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were applied. Finding showed that both risk tolerance and cost have significant predictive power over the adoption of ICT in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State, and that ICT adoption has substantial influence on efficiency in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State. The study concluded that ICT can increase patient safety by providing easy information to medical cases, allowing for online treatment reviews, monitoring patient progress, and foreseeing potential medical mishaps. The study recommended that the management and government should organize an intervention programme to promote risk tolerance among users, and that government should provide financial support to reduce the burden of cost in order to increase adoption of ICT in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State.
{"title":"Adopting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Public Healthcare Facilities in Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"Habibat Onojo Abdullahi, Dare Joseph Enimola, Cynthia Unekwu","doi":"10.32350/gsr.12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on Information and Communication Technology and Healthcare Delivery in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study specifically ascertained the effects of risk tolerance and costs on the adoption of ICT in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State; and investigated the extent at which ICT adoption can influence efficiency in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State. Research survey design was employed. The study targeted 53 public healthcare facilities in Kogi State. 229 health personnel actively participated in the study. Data were collected; presented and analyzed using frequency distribution table. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were applied. Finding showed that both risk tolerance and cost have significant predictive power over the adoption of ICT in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State, and that ICT adoption has substantial influence on efficiency in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State. The study concluded that ICT can increase patient safety by providing easy information to medical cases, allowing for online treatment reviews, monitoring patient progress, and foreseeing potential medical mishaps. The study recommended that the management and government should organize an intervention programme to promote risk tolerance among users, and that government should provide financial support to reduce the burden of cost in order to increase adoption of ICT in the public healthcare facilities in Kogi State.","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123662572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of government sustainable programs on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It employs a survey methodology to study the developmental factors of SMEs in Nigeria. The study population consisted of 580 registered SMEs in the Wuse business district in Abuja, with a sample size of 130 respondents. Questionnaires were distributed to the above respondents, out of which 100 fully submitted their responses. To achieve the objectives of the current study, hypotheses were tested and analyzed by using a multiple linear regression model. The findings revealed that survival funds have a considerable influence on the growth and sustainability of SMEs in Nigeria. It was also discovered that free business name registration has a major influence on the growth of SMEs. Moreover, it was found that government incentives are significant to maintain the sustainability of SMEs. Furthermore, the study concluded that SMEs performed effectively well with the aid of government sustainable programs. These intervention programs take the form of an intervention strategy which is an essential part of the current study’s objectives. These include survival funds, free business registration, and government incentives. The current research provides a significant knowledge of structured progressive programs for the policymakers and aids future planning. Keywords: government sustainable programs, intervention programs, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), survival funds, sustainability
{"title":"Impact of Government Sustainable Development Programs during COVID-19: A Study of SMEs in Nigeria","authors":"Yusufu Ojochenemi Sunday","doi":"10.32350/gsr.11.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.11.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of government sustainable programs on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It employs a survey methodology to study the developmental factors of SMEs in Nigeria. The study population consisted of 580 registered SMEs in the Wuse business district in Abuja, with a sample size of 130 respondents. Questionnaires were distributed to the above respondents, out of which 100 fully submitted their responses. To achieve the objectives of the current study, hypotheses were tested and analyzed by using a multiple linear regression model. The findings revealed that survival funds have a considerable influence on the growth and sustainability of SMEs in Nigeria. It was also discovered that free business name registration has a major influence on the growth of SMEs. Moreover, it was found that government incentives are significant to maintain the sustainability of SMEs. Furthermore, the study concluded that SMEs performed effectively well with the aid of government sustainable programs. These intervention programs take the form of an intervention strategy which is an essential part of the current study’s objectives. These include survival funds, free business registration, and government incentives. The current research provides a significant knowledge of structured progressive programs for the policymakers and aids future planning. \u0000Keywords: government sustainable programs, intervention programs, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), survival funds, sustainability","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128424953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the water consumption behaviour of residents of Lahore city. The consumption behaviour is linked with the attitude and meter tariff. Attitude is an internal trait of people while meter tariff is an external factor. Both influence consumption behaviour. There is a positive association between the independent and dependent variables. The policymakers can control water consumption by focusing on the attitude of people towards water consumption. The present attitude type of the people is anti-environment. The explanatory approach is used for the analysis and interpretation of data. The theory provided a systematic way for the analysis of the problem. This paper unfolds the perspective in the context of Lahore. Keywords: Domestic, Water Consumption, Attitude, Meter Tariff, Policymakers
{"title":"Water Consumption Behavior of Households in Lahore","authors":"Ahmad Osama Malik","doi":"10.32350/gsr.11.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the water consumption behaviour of residents of Lahore city. The consumption behaviour is linked with the attitude and meter tariff. Attitude is an internal trait of people while meter tariff is an external factor. Both influence consumption behaviour. There is a positive association between the independent and dependent variables. The policymakers can control water consumption by focusing on the attitude of people towards water consumption. The present attitude type of the people is anti-environment. The explanatory approach is used for the analysis and interpretation of data. The theory provided a systematic way for the analysis of the problem. This paper unfolds the perspective in the context of Lahore. Keywords: Domestic, Water Consumption, Attitude, Meter Tariff, Policymakers","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129475474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the traditional form of laws, human rights were introduced with the need of finding ways to protect humans. Later on, it enumerated to international level setting the obligations of different states defining the laws in particular to protect their citizens. This study involves defining unwritten laws and how they are linked in affecting the human rights. Human right laws make it clear to everyone being entitled to a set of rights and freedom which basically protects one from discrimination and being engaged in forceful activities. The study focuses on human rights being the baseline reflection on how humans should live or be handled. From explanation on how social justice was achieved, the study will shade the light on low flexibility based on different generation. The study will define what is meant by the term unwritten laws and human rights that will promote a clear view on the overall research and make an effective conclusion that will allow other researchers and other users in understanding the need of human right as part of unwritten laws. Through qualitative analysis as the methodology, the study will evaluate other researchers’ findings and their argument on how the unwritten law impacts the good side of human rights. The conclusion will discuss the findings and elaborate on how the unwritten laws impact the effectiveness of human right from the past to the current generation. Keywords: Unwritten Laws, Human Rights, Traditional Laws, Social Justice, Law Flexibility, Law Evolution
{"title":"The Effects of Unwritten Laws and How it Affects the Positive Attributes of Human Rights","authors":"Sarah Shirazi","doi":"10.32350/gsr.11.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.11.02","url":null,"abstract":"From the traditional form of laws, human rights were introduced with the need of finding ways to protect humans. Later on, it enumerated to international level setting the obligations of different states defining the laws in particular to protect their citizens. This study involves defining unwritten laws and how they are linked in affecting the human rights. Human right laws make it clear to everyone being entitled to a set of rights and freedom which basically protects one from discrimination and being engaged in forceful activities. The study focuses on human rights being the baseline reflection on how humans should live or be handled. From explanation on how social justice was achieved, the study will shade the light on low flexibility based on different generation. The study will define what is meant by the term unwritten laws and human rights that will promote a clear view on the overall research and make an effective conclusion that will allow other researchers and other users in understanding the need of human right as part of unwritten laws. Through qualitative analysis as the methodology, the study will evaluate other researchers’ findings and their argument on how the unwritten law impacts the good side of human rights. The conclusion will discuss the findings and elaborate on how the unwritten laws impact the effectiveness of human right from the past to the current generation. Keywords: Unwritten Laws, Human Rights, Traditional Laws, Social Justice, Law Flexibility, Law Evolution","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128779391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employee creativity remains an essential aspect of employee work engagement since the inception of COVID-19. Due to the ramifications of the impending lockdown, physical workplaces have been transformed into virtual setting. Thereby, the prevailing situation emphasizes self-initiated actions which employees must undertake by utilizing their own creativity during COVID-19 to achieve their assigned tasks. Considering the job demands and available resources, this study investigates the link between psychological capital and employee creativity with the mediation of employee empowerment. On the basis of the data collected from university staff and faculty in Lahore, Pakistan, a quantitative research approach has been employed that uses the Hayes process model for analysis to obtain the results. The results demonstrate that psychological capital positively relates to employee creativity, while employee empowerment mediates this relationship. Furthermore, this study suggests that employee empowerment would positively explain the relationship, thus making it more suitable for employees to adopt creative ways to do their work. This research further probes the organizational design work that liberates employs to use their creative behavior to give better work related performance which impacts and modifies certain aspects of their work. Thus, enabling them to perform in unprecedented challenging situations. Keywords: COVID-19, employee creativity, employee empowerment, psychological capital, virtual settings
{"title":"Employee Creativity during COVID-19: Role of Psychological Capital and Employee Empowerment","authors":"A. Manzoor, Albert John, Shafaq Arif","doi":"10.32350/gsr.11.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/gsr.11.03","url":null,"abstract":"Employee creativity remains an essential aspect of employee work engagement since the inception of COVID-19. Due to the ramifications of the impending lockdown, physical workplaces have been transformed into virtual setting. Thereby, the prevailing situation emphasizes self-initiated actions which employees must undertake by utilizing their own creativity during COVID-19 to achieve their assigned tasks. Considering the job demands and available resources, this study investigates the link between psychological capital and employee creativity with the mediation of employee empowerment. On the basis of the data collected from university staff and faculty in Lahore, Pakistan, a quantitative research approach has been employed that uses the Hayes process model for analysis to obtain the results. The results demonstrate that psychological capital positively relates to employee creativity, while employee empowerment mediates this relationship. Furthermore, this study suggests that employee empowerment would positively explain the relationship, thus making it more suitable for employees to adopt creative ways to do their work. This research further probes the organizational design work that liberates employs to use their creative behavior to give better work related performance which impacts and modifies certain aspects of their work. Thus, enabling them to perform in unprecedented challenging situations. \u0000Keywords: COVID-19, employee creativity, employee empowerment, psychological capital, virtual settings","PeriodicalId":192897,"journal":{"name":"Governance and Society Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123180768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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