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Changes in transport use in Russian urban and rural settlements of different population sizes over the period 2014–2022 2014-2022 年期间不同人口规模的俄罗斯城市和农村居民点交通使用情况的变化
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-235-241
Petr M. Krylov
The aim of the study is to examine the dynamics of transport use and transport service in urban and rural settlements of Russia with different population sizes in 2014–2022. The hypothesis of the study is that the dynamics of transport use and transport service in rural settlements repeats the dynamics of transport use and transport service in urban settlements with a certain time delay. With the general growth of transport use, there is a continuing growth in the use of personal passenger cars (including motorbikes) with a simultaneous decrease in the use of public transport. Gradually decreasing differences between urban and rural settlements have been revealed for most of the comparable indicators. In manycases thestudied indicators for ruralsettlementschange along thesame trajectory (with thesame dynamics) as the indicators for urbansettlements, with a lag ofseveral years. Transport use and transportservices for men and women also tend to approach thesame values in all types of settlements. A general pattern is observed: as the population density of a settlement increases, the problems of transport service of the population decrease.
本研究旨在探讨 2014-2022 年俄罗斯不同人口规模的城市和农村居民点的交通使用和交通服务动态。研究假设农村居民点的交通使用和交通服务动态与城市居民点的交通使用和交通服务动态相同,但有一定的时间差。随着交通使用量的普遍增长,个人乘用车(包括摩托车)的使用量持续增长,与此同时,公共交通的使用量却在下降。在大多数可比指标上,城市和农村居民点之间的差异逐渐缩小。在许多情况下,农村住区的研究指标与城市住区的指标变化轨迹相同(动态变化相同),但滞后数年。在所有类型的住区中,男性和女性的交通使用和交通服务也趋于接近相同的数值。一个普遍的规律是:随着居住区人口密度的增加,人口的交通服务问题也随之减少。
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引用次数: 0
Intraannual and interannual changes in clouds in Ufa 乌法云层的年内和年际变化
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-230-234
R. Kamalova, I. S. Fatkhutdinova, R. S. Fatkhutdinova, Lily A. Kurbanova
The study of cloud cover and its characteristics (quantity and forms) is of practical interest, especially for large cities. Cloud cover, having a dual effect (albedo and greenhouse), is an important factor in the formation of the thermal regime in the conditions of global climate change. This article presents the results of the analysis of daily, annual and long-termchanges in thecloudcover regime in thecity of Ufa (Republic of Bashkortostan). Urgent data from long-term observations of clouds (1966–2020) were used for the analysis. The main patterns of the daily course of clouds in the months of the cold and warm period of the year are revealed. The long-term dynamics of cloud cover has shown that its number has a significant upward trend.
对云层及其特征(数量和形式)的研究具有实际意义,尤其是对大城市而言。云层具有双重效应(反照率和温室效应),是全球气候变化条件下形成热量机制的重要因素。本文介绍了对乌法市(巴什科尔托斯坦共和国)云层日变化、年变化和长期变化的分析结果。分析采用了长期云观测(1966-2020 年)的紧急数据。揭示了一年中寒冷和温暖时期各月云层日变化的主要规律。云层的长期动态变化表明,其数量呈显著上升趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Principles and methods for studying the structure of metageosystems for designing a pilgrimage-tourist cluster 研究元系统结构以设计朝圣旅游集群的原则和方法
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-255-263
A. Yamashkin, Vladimir Z. Makarov, Stanislav A. Yamashkin
Introduction. The article characterizes the spatio-temporal structure of metageosystems of the pilgrimage-tourist cluster “Sanaksar – Temnikov”, located in the center of the Russian Plain, in the zone of interaction of forest-steppe and forest geosystems. Materials and methods. Thestructuring of information within the framework of thestudy is based on the simultaneous use of a natural sequence of involving interrelated principles: genetic, historical, systemic, territorial-structural. The object of study was investigated from the perspective of a geosystem approach, the structure and components of metageosystems were analyzed as spatial formations of different levels of organization, naturally functioning. Research results and discussion. A detailed description of the geosystem model of the tourist cluster “Sanaksar – Temnikov” is given. It has been proven that the sustainable development of metageosystems should be based on multifactor information support, in which the most important condition for the effective economic development of landscapes is realized through the formation of a regional spatial data infrastructure. Based on the analysis of the archaeological map of the Republic of Mordovia, patterns of development of cultural landscapes are identified. The characteristics of the processes and features of the economic development of geosystems and the formation of cultural heritage have been formed. Conclusion. The organization of a pilgrimage and tourism cluster places high demands on information support. Solving the problem of forecasting and monitoring the development of metageosystems for making management decisions is possible using methods and algorithms for processing and analyzing spatial data, designing and implementing project-oriented geoportal systems for distributing spatial data.
导言文章描述了 "萨纳克萨尔-特姆尼科夫 "朝圣旅游集群的时空结构,该集群位于俄罗斯平原中心,处于森林-草原和森林地质系统相互作用区。材料和方法研究框架内的信息构建是基于同时使用涉及相互关联原则的自然序列:遗传、历史、系统、地域-结构。从地理系统方法的角度对研究对象进行了调查,将元生态系统的结构和组成部分作为不同组织层次的空间形式进行分析,并自然地发挥作用。研究结果和讨论。对 "Sanaksar - Temnikov "旅游集群的地理系统模型进行了详细描述。事实证明,地貌生态系统的可持续发展应以多因素信息支持为基础,其中最重要的条件是通过建立区域空间数据基础设施来实现地貌经济的有效发展。根据对莫尔多维亚共和国考古地图的分析,确定了文化景观的发展模式。形成了地理系统经济发展和文化遗产形成的过程和特征。结论朝圣和旅游集群的组织对信息支持提出了很高的要求。利用处理和分析空间数据的方法和算法、设计和实施面向项目的地理门户系统来分发空间数据,可以解决预测和监测元生态系统发展以做出管理决策的问题。
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引用次数: 0
On the role of salty coals in kaolinite transformation into paragonite-type hydromica within the Donbass tonsteins 论咸煤在顿巴斯顿河流域高岭石转化为霰石类型水云母过程中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-272-283
A. Korobov, L. A. Korobova
The character of kaolinite hydromicatization within the Donetsk Basin tonsteins in the course of metamorphism depends on the types of enclosing coals: either normal or salty ones. Alongside with terrigenous minerals within the coal-bearing masses and the fossil sea waters, indicator authigenous minerals fromsaltycoals – halite and glauberite –should bespecified as thesources ofsodium and potassium for kaolinite hydromicatization. The conditions, most favorable for formation of the most stable phase of paragonite-type hydromica in kaolinite interlayers, arise within paralic formations over the areas of alkaline caustobioliths formation in the course of metamorphism. In the case when halite and glauberite from salty coals make the principal source of sodium, brammalite generation begins in matatonsteins during anthracite formation. The process goes on until feldspars and micas begin active supply of potassium into chloride Cl-Ca-Na brine. From this moment on, brammalite in clay interlayers is being rapidly replaced with illite. Eventually, association of paragonite and muscovite-type hydromicas arises within the clay interlayers. If the principal source of the alkaline elements responsible for kaolinite hydromicatization consists of terrigenous minerals from normal (nonsaline) coal-bearing masses (potassium feldspars, micas, plagioclases), exclusively illite develops within metatonsteins.
顿涅茨克盆地煤矿在变质过程中高岭石水化的特征取决于围岩煤炭的类型:普通煤炭或含盐煤炭。除了含煤岩块和化石海水中的陆相矿物外,咸煤中的指示性自生矿物--海绿石和芒硝--也应被确定为高岭石水成岩过程中钠和钾的来源。在高岭石夹层中形成最稳定的斜长石型水云母的最有利条件,是在变质过程中碱性苛性碱岩形成区域的副岩层中出现的。当咸煤中的海绿石和芒硝成为钠的主要来源时,在无烟煤形成过程中,在母岩中开始生成黑云母。这一过程一直持续到长石和云母开始主动向氯Cl-Ca-Na盐水供应钾为止。从这时起,粘土夹层中的闪长岩迅速被伊利石取代。最终,在粘土夹层中出现了斜长石和云母型水镁石。如果造成高岭石水云母化的碱性元素的主要来源是来自正常(非碱性)含煤岩体的土著矿物(钾长石、云母、斜长石),那么在偏闪石中就只能形成伊利石。
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引用次数: 0
Insoluble remains of Lower Permian sylvinite rocks in the western and north-western framing of the Caspian depression 里海洼地西部和西北部下二叠统矽卡岩的不溶性残骸
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-264-271
O. Goncharenko, Maxim V. Solomon
The paper presents the results of a study of the insoluble residue of sylvinites and sylvin-halite rocks of the Lower Permian halogen formation, common within the Perelyubsky areas (Western and Eastern), promising for industrial development (Saratov Region) and the Gremyachinsky potash deposit (Volgograd Region). A technique for studying the insoluble residue of sylvinites is presented. The types of insoluble residue are distinguished according to the form of occurrence in sylvinites and its mineral composition is characterized. The conditions for the formation of sylvine-bearing rocks are refined, taking into account the data obtained on the composition of the insoluble residue.
本文介绍了对下二叠统卤素地层中常见的、具有工业发展前景的佩列卢布斯基地区(西部和东部)(萨拉托夫州)和格列米亚钦斯基钾盐矿床(伏尔加格勒州)的锡尔文岩和锡尔文-卤素岩的不溶性残留物的研究结果。本文介绍了一种研究锡长岩不溶性残留物的技术。根据不溶性残留物在锡长岩中的出现形式对其类型进行了区分,并对其矿物成分进行了描述。根据所获得的不溶性残留物成分数据,完善了含锡岩的形成条件。
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引用次数: 0
Pilot innovative territorial clusters: Spatial differentiation, patterns of development and efficiency 创新型试点地区集群:空间分异、发展模式和效率
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-242-249
A. Nosonov
The article is devoted to the study of an important component of innovative infrastructure – pilot innovative territorial clusters. The mainstages of their formation wereconsidered,spatial patterns of development,structure and economic efficiency were identified and analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze the spatial regularities of pilot innovative territorial clusters functioning to justify the promising directions of the state cluster policy contributing to the effective use of the financial resources of the federal budget by determining priority investment directions and establishing on this basis the recipients of state support in the cluster with the greatest potential in the context of limited financial resources. This is promising primarily for justifying the stimulation of new high-tech industries and enterprises. The study was carried out on the basis of materials from official federal and regional statistics, information and analytical reports of the Association of Clusters, Technoparks and SEZs of Russia, official ratings of regions innovative development, legislative acts of the federal and regional levels. Patterns of functioning and trends in the development of innovative territorial clusters have been identified. The main purpose of the emerging innovative territorial clusters is to saturate the huge domestic market with high-tech goods, services and technologies in order to achieve the country’s technological independence. Promising directions for improving the cluster policy of Russia are formulated.
本文致力于研究创新基础设施的一个重要组成部分--创新型试点地区集群。文章考虑了其形成的主要阶段,确定并分析了其发展、结构和经济效益的空间模式。研究的目的是分析试点创新型地区集群的空间规律性,通过确定优先投资方向和在此基础上确定在有限财政资源条件下具有最大潜力的集群的国家支持对象,证明国家集群政策的方向是有前途的,有助于有效利用联邦预算的财政资源。这主要是为了证明刺激新的高科技产业和企业的合理性。这项研究是在联邦和地区官方统计数据、俄罗斯产业集群、技术园区和经济特区协会的信息和分析报告、地区创新发展官方评级、联邦和地区立法法案等材料的基础上进行的。已经确定了创新型地区集群的运作模式和发展趋势。新兴创新型地区集群的主要目的是用高科技产品、服务和技术使巨大的国内市场达到饱和,从而实现国家的技术独立。为完善俄罗斯的产业集群政策制定了有前途的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Irrigation system in the Late Cretaceous Hexactinellids (Porifera, Hexactinellida) 晚白垩世六针虫(多孔动物,六针虫纲)的灌溉系统
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-284-292
E. M. Pervushov
Within the skeletal structure of the medium- and the thick-walled Hexactinellids, the active filtration surface area was increased at expense of the elements of the irrigation system. The ostia and the transversal canal structures, the densities of their occurrences correlate with the values of the wall thickness, the skeleton habitus, the level of modular organization; they are in many ways determined by the parameters of the sponge habitats.
在中壁和厚壁六孔虫的骨架结构中,活性过滤表面积的增加是以牺牲灌溉系统要素为代价的。孔道和横向管道结构,其出现的密度与壁厚值、骨架习性、模块组织水平相关;它们在许多方面由海绵栖息地的参数决定。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the evolutionary patterns of Ecistic space in the Saratov region during the latter half of the imperial era (1800–1917) 揭示帝国时代后半期(1800-1917 年)萨拉托夫地区生态空间的演变模式
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-220-229
Alexander M. Demin, Alexey V. Fedorov
This study delves into the profound transformation of demographic and Ecistic space within the contemporary Saratov region during the latter half of the imperial era (1800–1917). Spatial and temporal trends, as well as the driving forces behind their development, have been meticulously examined. The findings reveal a fascinating process of Ecistic space metamorphosis within the region. This intertwines with the wave-like dynamics of numerous socio-technical innovations (including the emancipation of serfs and the establishment of free land trade, state peasant reforms, the advent of the industrial revolution, and the sweeping Great Reforms). It is evident that the colonization phase of territorial exploration and the establishment of a fundamental hierarchical framework (governorate → district → volost → city → village) within the Ecistic space of the region have reached their culmination.
本研究深入探讨了帝国时代后半期(1800-1917 年)当代萨拉托夫州人口和生态空间的深刻变化。对空间和时间趋势及其发展背后的驱动力进行了细致研究。研究结果揭示了该地区生态空间蜕变的迷人过程。这与众多社会技术革新(包括解放农奴和建立自由土地交易、国营农场改革、工业革命的到来以及全面的大改革)的波浪式动态交织在一起。很明显,该地区生态空间内的殖民化领土探索阶段和基本等级框架(省 → 县 → 乡 → 市 → 村)的建立达到了顶峰。
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引用次数: 0
Synoptic conditions for the formation of thunderstorms with heavy rainfall over the territory of Western Siberia 西西伯利亚西部地区形成暴雨雷暴天气的综合条件
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-250-254
S. I. Pryakhina, Anna A. Kotova
The article presents the study results of thunderstorm activity with rainfall over a large territory of Western Siberia in its three regions: Northern, Central and Southern over a seven-year period from 2017 to 2023. The study revealed the most favorable synoptic conditions for the formation of thunderstorm activity with heavy rainfall over a large area of Western Siberia. Cases are also reviewed and factors that need to be paid attention to when forecasting thunderstorms with squally winds are identified.
文章介绍了对西西伯利亚三大区的雷暴活动和降雨量的研究结果:从2017年到2023年的七年时间里,西西伯利亚北部、中部和南部地区的降雨雷暴活动。研究揭示了在西西伯利亚大面积地区形成伴有强降雨的雷暴活动的最有利的同步条件。研究还回顾了一些案例,并确定了在预报伴有斜风的雷暴时需要注意的因素。
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引用次数: 0
The results of exploring the Lower Artinskian deposits of the western Caspian on the territory of the Volgogradskoe Zavolzhye area with high-resolution wide-azimuth seismic survey 在volgogradske - Zavolzhye地区的里海西部的Lower Artinskian矿床进行高分辨率宽方位角地震勘探的结果
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-2-103-110
S. Nikolaenko, Aleksey E. Parshin, S.A. Mironenko, G. S. Gavrilov, Andrey V. Ivankin
The articlesummarizes thecomprehensive analysis of the results of interpretation for the materials of the wide-azimuthseismicsurvey MOGT-3D for the purpose of a detailed study of the geological structure of one of the sites of the Volgogradskoe Zavolzhye area to identify and prepare for drilling oil and gas prospective objects.
本文对MOGT-3D宽方位角地震调查资料解释结果的综合分析进行了总结,目的是对volgogradske - Zavolzhye地区一个地点的地质结构进行详细研究,以识别和准备钻探油气远景目标。
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引用次数: 0
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Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences
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