Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the most established risk factor for atherosclerotic disease such as coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and nonHDL-C as well as small dense LDL, Remnant like particles cholesterol (RLP-C) and oxidized LDL are the secondary risk factors for atherosclerosis. It is important to integrate and control these risk factors for the prevention of atherosclerosis as a real endpoint of diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia.
{"title":"[Dyslipidemia].","authors":"Yamato Mashimo, T. Maeda, T. Teramoto","doi":"10.32388/9yfwq4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/9yfwq4","url":null,"abstract":"Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the most established risk factor for atherosclerotic disease such as coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and nonHDL-C as well as small dense LDL, Remnant like particles cholesterol (RLP-C) and oxidized LDL are the secondary risk factors for atherosclerosis. It is important to integrate and control these risk factors for the prevention of atherosclerosis as a real endpoint of diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia.","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":"852-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89154562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Catalase].","authors":"K. Murakami, K. Okajima, H. Okabe","doi":"10.32388/dzfoqg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/dzfoqg","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"358-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88348108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-38918-7_5046
K. Ohashi, T. Funahashi
{"title":"[Adiponectin].","authors":"K. Ohashi, T. Funahashi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-38918-7_5046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38918-7_5046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"163-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74690749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Retroperitoneal neoplasm].","authors":"S. Yamagata, E. Ouchi, T. Kawamura","doi":"10.32388/pnsxmo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/pnsxmo","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75515645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATase) is the supposed regulatory allosteric enzyme of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. ATase cDNAs and genomic DNAs were cloned from 15 different species. The chicken, rat, and human ATase genes and AIRC (aminoimidazole ribonucleotide carboxylase) genes are closely linked and divergently transcribed from an intergenic regions of 0.2-0.6 kb. The crystal structure of B. subtilis ATase was determined. The ATase tetramer is a doughnut-shaped molecule and each ATase subunit is organized in two domains of approximately equal size. The four [4 Fe-4 S] clusters are located at the corners of the tetramer. The activity of ATase is regulated positively by PRPP and negatively by GMP and AMP.
{"title":"[Amidophosphoribosyltransferase].","authors":"H. Iwahana, M. Itakura","doi":"10.32388/a3iwoh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/a3iwoh","url":null,"abstract":"Amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATase) is the supposed regulatory allosteric enzyme of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. ATase cDNAs and genomic DNAs were cloned from 15 different species. The chicken, rat, and human ATase genes and AIRC (aminoimidazole ribonucleotide carboxylase) genes are closely linked and divergently transcribed from an intergenic regions of 0.2-0.6 kb. The crystal structure of B. subtilis ATase was determined. The ATase tetramer is a doughnut-shaped molecule and each ATase subunit is organized in two domains of approximately equal size. The four [4 Fe-4 S] clusters are located at the corners of the tetramer. The activity of ATase is regulated positively by PRPP and negatively by GMP and AMP.","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"3202-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90076731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the chromatographic separation of cholinesterase (ChE) by Malström in 1956 many investigator studied ChE isozyme, Harris divided five spots by two dimensional paper electrophoresis and starchgel electrophoresis, and referred as C1 C2 C3 C4. Clinically, Juul separated ChE 12 bands by polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis. We separated ChE as five bands using polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis, revealing fusion and deformity of the band. Takahashi et al reported separation of band using acetyl and butyrylthiocholine as substrate. They found abnormal band in liver cirrhosis, however they have thought it acetyl cholinesterase. Hada et al revealed a defect of band II in liver cirrhosis. They investigated ChE isozyme using affinity electrophoresis with Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). They found disappearance of band 2, Con A and WGA containing agarose gel electrophoresis seem to be useful method in differentiating liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis. The number of isozyme fraction exhibited a species related variations in laboratory animals. Rats, hamsters guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, pigs, horses and quails have 4, 3, 4, 3-5, 3, 3, 4 and 3 isozyme bands, respectively.
{"title":"[Cholinesterase].","authors":"S. Nakamura","doi":"10.32388/zhpsrn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/zhpsrn","url":null,"abstract":"Since the chromatographic separation of cholinesterase (ChE) by Malström in 1956 many investigator studied ChE isozyme, Harris divided five spots by two dimensional paper electrophoresis and starchgel electrophoresis, and referred as C1 C2 C3 C4. Clinically, Juul separated ChE 12 bands by polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis. We separated ChE as five bands using polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis, revealing fusion and deformity of the band. Takahashi et al reported separation of band using acetyl and butyrylthiocholine as substrate. They found abnormal band in liver cirrhosis, however they have thought it acetyl cholinesterase. Hada et al revealed a defect of band II in liver cirrhosis. They investigated ChE isozyme using affinity electrophoresis with Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). They found disappearance of band 2, Con A and WGA containing agarose gel electrophoresis seem to be useful method in differentiating liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis. The number of isozyme fraction exhibited a species related variations in laboratory animals. Rats, hamsters guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, pigs, horses and quails have 4, 3, 4, 3-5, 3, 3, 4 and 3 isozyme bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"292-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89714271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proteins with regard to cell cycle control, transcription, apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Proteasome inhibition is a novel approach to the treatment of solid tumors. Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor evaluated in clinical trials. In vitro experiments have shown that bortezomib treatment has a cytotoxic effect on various breast, colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, lung and oral cancer cells. Here, the usefulness of proteasome inhibitor for cancer therapy is discussed, and a review of preclinical and clinical studies on proteasome inhibitors alone and in combination with conventional chemotherapy is included.
{"title":"[Proteasome inhibitor].","authors":"M. Yamamura, T. Hirai, Y. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.32388/2ohhdl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/2ohhdl","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proteins with regard to cell cycle control, transcription, apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Proteasome inhibition is a novel approach to the treatment of solid tumors. Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor evaluated in clinical trials. In vitro experiments have shown that bortezomib treatment has a cytotoxic effect on various breast, colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, lung and oral cancer cells. Here, the usefulness of proteasome inhibitor for cancer therapy is discussed, and a review of preclinical and clinical studies on proteasome inhibitors alone and in combination with conventional chemotherapy is included.","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"1079-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89015726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Hydroxyproline].","authors":"Katsuya Maruyama","doi":"10.32388/4o4x3g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/4o4x3g","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"257 1","pages":"220-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76782005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Test Indications: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyper-androgenism (in conjuction with measurements of other sex-steroids). An initial workup in adults might also include total and bioavailable testosterone measurements. Depending on results, this may be supplemented with measurements of sex hormone-binding globulin and other androgenic steroids (eg, DHEA-S). Diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), in conjunction with measurement of other androgenic precursors, particularly, 17-alphahydroxyprogesterone, 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, DHEA-S and cortisol. Monitoring CAH treatment, in conjunction with testosterone, 17Hydroxyprogesterone, Serum, DHEA-S and DHEA. Diagnosis of premature adrenarche, in conjunction with gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and other adrenal gonadal sex-steroids and their precursors (testosterone total and bioavailable, testosterone total and free, Estradiol, DHEAS, DHEA, Sex hormone binding globulin, 17Hydroxyprogesterone).
{"title":"[Androstenedione].","authors":"B. Kashiwagi","doi":"10.32388/092sat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/092sat","url":null,"abstract":"Test Indications: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyper-androgenism (in conjuction with measurements of other sex-steroids). An initial workup in adults might also include total and bioavailable testosterone measurements. Depending on results, this may be supplemented with measurements of sex hormone-binding globulin and other androgenic steroids (eg, DHEA-S). Diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), in conjunction with measurement of other androgenic precursors, particularly, 17-alphahydroxyprogesterone, 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, DHEA-S and cortisol. Monitoring CAH treatment, in conjunction with testosterone, 17Hydroxyprogesterone, Serum, DHEA-S and DHEA. Diagnosis of premature adrenarche, in conjunction with gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and other adrenal gonadal sex-steroids and their precursors (testosterone total and bioavailable, testosterone total and free, Estradiol, DHEAS, DHEA, Sex hormone binding globulin, 17Hydroxyprogesterone).","PeriodicalId":19307,"journal":{"name":"Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"347-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90638800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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