This article shows how the distribution of costs for communal boreholes in the Kunene region of northwest Namibia is largely shaped by patron-client relationships based on cattle loans among pastoralists. Drawing on a case study in the context of state water decentralisation reforms, the paper argues that, while cattle loans provide livelihood security for poor Himba herders, they also limit their bargaining power with regards to negotiating local contribution rules for the communal water point. Poorer heads of household find it difficult to negotiate on equal terms with their wealthy counterparts because they depend on their cattle transfers to make a living. As a result, contribution rules disadvantaging the poor are put into practice, leading to tensions between herders and putting pressure on social relations of support.
{"title":"Negotiating Water on Unequal Terms: Cattle Loans, Dependencies and Power in Communal Water Management in Northwest Namibia","authors":"D. A. M. Schwieger","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230205","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows how the distribution of costs for communal boreholes in the Kunene region of northwest Namibia is largely shaped by patron-client relationships based on cattle loans among pastoralists. Drawing on a case study in the context of state water decentralisation reforms,\u0000 the paper argues that, while cattle loans provide livelihood security for poor Himba herders, they also limit their bargaining power with regards to negotiating local contribution rules for the communal water point. Poorer heads of household find it difficult to negotiate on equal terms with\u0000 their wealthy counterparts because they depend on their cattle transfers to make a living. As a result, contribution rules disadvantaging the poor are put into practice, leading to tensions between herders and putting pressure on social relations of support.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69831365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water and Pastoralists: An Introduction","authors":"B. Casciarri, F. Staro","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3197/np.2019.230201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47212820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sedentarization among Nomadic peoples in Asia and Africa.","authors":"K. Ikeya","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3197/np.2019.230210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nomads and Nation Building in the Western Sahara: Gender, Politics and the Sahrawi.","authors":"Konstantina Isidoros","doi":"10.3197/np.2019230209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019230209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3197/np.2019230209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44062702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In southern Ethiopia, pastoralism has been possible due to complex ancient indigenous technology for excavating and rehabilitating the ancient tula wells. Despite centuries of operations, recent years have seen fundamental transformations in labour mobilisation and the technology for water harvesting, while hired labour is replacing clan-based labour organisation. Payments for well rehabilitation have changed from cattle to cash, while technological transformations include using plastic buckets (jerrycans) instead of leather buckets (okole), and metal tools and earth moving machines. The combined effects of such transformations will affect the sustainability of the Borana water management system, which remains uncertain.
{"title":"Transforming Labour and Technology of The Ancient Tula Wells for Watering Livestock In Borana, Ethiopia","authors":"W. Tiki, G. Oba","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230204","url":null,"abstract":"In southern Ethiopia, pastoralism has been possible due to complex ancient indigenous technology for excavating and rehabilitating the ancient tula wells. Despite centuries of operations, recent years have seen fundamental transformations in labour mobilisation and the technology\u0000 for water harvesting, while hired labour is replacing clan-based labour organisation. Payments for well rehabilitation have changed from cattle to cash, while technological transformations include using plastic buckets (jerrycans) instead of leather buckets (okole), and metal tools\u0000 and earth moving machines. The combined effects of such transformations will affect the sustainability of the Borana water management system, which remains uncertain.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44003428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the political, economic and socio-ecological processes that have led to the gradual disappearance of mobile herding in the Palestinian village of Wādī Fūkīn (West Bank). Along with Israel's land legislation, urban development policies and redefinition of territorial borders, water centralisation and commoditisation, as well as agricultural modernisation, have brought radical changes to access to and rights over water and land. New socio-ecological conditions and marginalisation, both as a result of the policies of Israel and the Palestinian Authority and within the global economy, have led to the abandonment of mobile productive activities and affect villagers' claims for their identity as 'sedentary farmers' in opposition to 'nomadic pastoralists'.
{"title":"Herders' Water Practices and Conflicts in a Palestinian Village (Wādī Fūkīn, West Bank)","authors":"Anita De Donato","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230206","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the political, economic and socio-ecological processes that have led to the gradual disappearance of mobile herding in the Palestinian village of Wādī Fūkīn (West Bank). Along with Israel's land legislation, urban development policies\u0000 and redefinition of territorial borders, water centralisation and commoditisation, as well as agricultural modernisation, have brought radical changes to access to and rights over water and land. New socio-ecological conditions and marginalisation, both as a result of the policies of Israel\u0000 and the Palestinian Authority and within the global economy, have led to the abandonment of mobile productive activities and affect villagers' claims for their identity as 'sedentary farmers' in opposition to 'nomadic pastoralists'.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among several forms of herding in Niger, mobile herding remains the most important. Water access has undergone deep transformations in this field: increasing conflict with farmers, uses of wells as land tenure markers, multiplication of drilled wells with maintenance and management problems, commoditisation of water points. Various modes of governance are thus more and more intermingled in pastoralists' access to water infrastructures, including the state (often repressive, racketeer, absent, involved in patronage relations); municipalities (taking resources from herding without investing in it); development projects (perceived as an income to benefit from); and herder associations (fostered by senior officers).
{"title":"Eau Et Pâturages Au Niger: Conflits, Marchandisation Et Modes De Gouvernance","authors":"J. O. D. Sardan","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230208","url":null,"abstract":"Among several forms of herding in Niger, mobile herding remains the most important. Water access has undergone deep transformations in this field: increasing conflict with farmers, uses of wells as land tenure markers, multiplication of drilled wells with maintenance and management\u0000 problems, commoditisation of water points. Various modes of governance are thus more and more intermingled in pastoralists' access to water infrastructures, including the state (often repressive, racketeer, absent, involved in patronage relations); municipalities (taking resources from herding\u0000 without investing in it); development projects (perceived as an income to benefit from); and herder associations (fostered by senior officers).","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47419813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the ecological, socio-economic and political constraints facing pastoralists' water access rights in Blue Nile State, south-eastern Sudan, over the last five decades. It examines the main constraints on pastoralists' access to water and looks at such issues as climate change, increasing human population, the expansion of agriculture, the expansion of Dinder National Park, civil war and the new international border created after the secession of South Sudan in 2011.
{"title":"The Ecological, Socio-Economic and Political Constraints on Pastoralists' Access to Water, Blue Nile State (Sudan)","authors":"Ibrahim Mustafa Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230207","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the ecological, socio-economic and political constraints facing pastoralists' water access rights in Blue Nile State, south-eastern Sudan, over the last five decades. It examines the main constraints on pastoralists' access to water and looks at such issues as\u0000 climate change, increasing human population, the expansion of agriculture, the expansion of Dinder National Park, civil war and the new international border created after the secession of South Sudan in 2011.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41685174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethiopia's lower Omo valley is currently undergoing profound changes, due in part to water development interventions. The state and corporate partners are implementing large dam and irrigation schemes; missionaries are attempting to install safe water supplies. We explore the reception of these projects by local people, and their implications for intergroup relations. Water development schemes, we argue, function as technologies of the imagination, stimulating people to imagine different kinds of futures. These dynamics are illustrated through ethnographic work on the reception of new wells drilled by European missionaries in Nyangatom.
{"title":"Pipe Dreams: Water, Development and the Work of The Imagination in Ethiopia's Lower Omo Valley","authors":"David-Paul Pertaub, E. Stevenson","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230202","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia's lower Omo valley is currently undergoing profound changes, due in part to water development interventions. The state and corporate partners are implementing large dam and irrigation schemes; missionaries are attempting to install safe water supplies. We explore the reception\u0000 of these projects by local people, and their implications for intergroup relations. Water development schemes, we argue, function as technologies of the imagination, stimulating people to imagine different kinds of futures. These dynamics are illustrated through ethnographic work on the reception\u0000 of new wells drilled by European missionaries in Nyangatom.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3197/np.2019.230202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scarcity and uncertainty loom large over the landscape of Kutch, an arid to semi-arid district in western India, where pastoralism has been practised for generations. Despite its clear potential to tackle the dryland dynamics, the tradition of pastoralism in Kutch has been systematically denigrated and marginalised in the district over the years. Drawing on research conducted in eastern Kutch, and along the coast, this article shows how pastoralist communities have been displaced from a range of vital hydric resources – such as mangroves and water sources – in the name of development and conservation. Together, these have accelerated processes of dispossession and exacerbated both 'old' and 'new' resource scarcities.
{"title":"Pastoralists Without Pasture: Water Scarcity, Marketisation and Resource Enclosures In Kutch, India","authors":"L. Mehta, S. Srivastava","doi":"10.3197/np.2019.230203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2019.230203","url":null,"abstract":"Scarcity and uncertainty loom large over the landscape of Kutch, an arid to semi-arid district in western India, where pastoralism has been practised for generations. Despite its clear potential to tackle the dryland dynamics, the tradition of pastoralism in Kutch has been systematically\u0000 denigrated and marginalised in the district over the years. Drawing on research conducted in eastern Kutch, and along the coast, this article shows how pastoralist communities have been displaced from a range of vital hydric resources – such as mangroves and water sources – in\u0000 the name of development and conservation. Together, these have accelerated processes of dispossession and exacerbated both 'old' and 'new' resource scarcities.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46629782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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