How can herders directly participate in national policy debates and deliberations? In this article I assess two episodes of the Mongolian Open Society Institute's TV Forum which was nationally televised between 2005 and 2006. Focusing on two episodes which debate mining policy, I ask how herder participation was modelled through topical framing, speaking roles and decision-making criteria. Then, from this analysis, I examine the ways in which contemporary ICTs (Internet and Communication Technologies) could be used to encourage herder participation in future deliberations.
{"title":"Deliberating Herders: Encouraging Democratic Deliberation in Mongolia","authors":"Allison Hahn","doi":"10.3197/np.2022.260107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260107","url":null,"abstract":"How can herders directly participate in national policy debates and deliberations? In this article I assess two episodes of the Mongolian Open Society Institute's TV Forum which was nationally televised between 2005 and 2006. Focusing on two episodes which debate mining policy, I ask\u0000 how herder participation was modelled through topical framing, speaking roles and decision-making criteria. Then, from this analysis, I examine the ways in which contemporary ICTs (Internet and Communication Technologies) could be used to encourage herder participation in future deliberations.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41850277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jamie Levin (ed.), Nomad - State Relationships in International Relations: before and after Borders.","authors":"D. J. Miller","doi":"10.3197/np.2022.260109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48983522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Khlinovskaya Rockhill, Lena Sidorova, P. Vitebsky
We start from a puzzle: in remote Arctic regions of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), why are many reindeer-herding families excluded from official 'nomadic family' benefits? The Republic's Nomadic Family Law is supposed to support indigenous minorities leading a 'traditional' lifestyle, but it often fails. We identify three models of family structure at work, each matching the fluidity of the physical environment and productive process more or less realistically. While our fieldwork reveals a highly flexible and all-embracing indigenous understanding of relatedness, analysis of the urban officials' laws show them to be based on unexamined concepts of 'family' rooted in Russian terminology and based on narrow ideas of the nuclear family rather than on the complementary distribution of labour across a shared space. We suggest that legal initiatives should include a wider ethnographic basis to provide a better understanding of emic concepts, while also consulting the local people most directly affected.
{"title":"Where Is the Nomadic Family? Rigid Laws and Flexible Tundra Life in North-East Siberia","authors":"Elena Khlinovskaya Rockhill, Lena Sidorova, P. Vitebsky","doi":"10.3197/np.2022.260102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260102","url":null,"abstract":"We start from a puzzle: in remote Arctic regions of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), why are many reindeer-herding families excluded from official 'nomadic family' benefits? The Republic's Nomadic Family Law is supposed to support indigenous minorities leading a 'traditional' lifestyle,\u0000 but it often fails. We identify three models of family structure at work, each matching the fluidity of the physical environment and productive process more or less realistically. While our fieldwork reveals a highly flexible and all-embracing indigenous understanding of relatedness, analysis\u0000 of the urban officials' laws show them to be based on unexamined concepts of 'family' rooted in Russian terminology and based on narrow ideas of the nuclear family rather than on the complementary distribution of labour across a shared space. We suggest that legal initiatives should include\u0000 a wider ethnographic basis to provide a better understanding of emic concepts, while also consulting the local people most directly affected.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43872704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are few contemporary social scientific studies on the Caucasus, and fewer still that deal with pastoralism in its own right. Yet, as a gateway between Europe and Asia, this is a region of extreme cultural, linguistic and ecosystemic diversity. Pastoralism has played a central role here historically, the basis of many mythic tales known throughout the world (e.g., the Golden Fleece). Drawing on a case study of Georgian transhumance from my own fieldwork, the goal of this article is to amplify research on Caucasian pastoralism with a contemporary overview of the core issues.
{"title":"Case Study of a Tush Transhumance. Contemporary Challenges of a Journey across Georgia: Sociability, Contingency and Relationship to the Land","authors":"Gwendoline Lemaitre","doi":"10.3197/np.2022.260104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260104","url":null,"abstract":"There are few contemporary social scientific studies on the Caucasus, and fewer still that deal with pastoralism in its own right. Yet, as a gateway between Europe and Asia, this is a region of extreme cultural, linguistic and ecosystemic diversity. Pastoralism has played a central\u0000 role here historically, the basis of many mythic tales known throughout the world (e.g., the Golden Fleece). Drawing on a case study of Georgian transhumance from my own fieldwork, the goal of this article is to amplify research on Caucasian pastoralism with a contemporary overview of the\u0000 core issues.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47242352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the ways in which discourses and narratives around pastoralism and climate change have been communicated within policy-making in Ethiopia over an eleven-year period (2007-2017), the interests of different actors shaping these policies and some of the consequences of policy solutions for pastoralist livelihoods. Employing discourse analysis of policy-relevant documents, combined with data drawn from interviews with a cross-section of policy actors, it highlights how new concerns over climate change - combined with the drive for transformation and modernisation of pastoral areas - are being used by the state and other powerful actors as tools in contestations over land and other resources. Predominantly technocratic policy prescriptions and investments are, in turn, leading to new patterns of social differentiation and vulnerability for some. The extent and nature of change in Ethiopia's drylands call for political responses that address social inequities and power imbalances, that safeguard pastoralists' resource rights and that allow for more inclusive forms of governance.
{"title":"Climate Change Policy Narratives and Pastoralism in Ethiopia: New Concerns, Old Arguments?","authors":"Thomas Campbell","doi":"10.3197/np.2022.260106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260106","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the ways in which discourses and narratives around pastoralism and climate change have been communicated within policy-making in Ethiopia over an eleven-year period (2007-2017), the interests of different actors shaping these policies and some of the consequences\u0000 of policy solutions for pastoralist livelihoods. Employing discourse analysis of policy-relevant documents, combined with data drawn from interviews with a cross-section of policy actors, it highlights how new concerns over climate change - combined with the drive for transformation and modernisation\u0000 of pastoral areas - are being used by the state and other powerful actors as tools in contestations over land and other resources. Predominantly technocratic policy prescriptions and investments are, in turn, leading to new patterns of social differentiation and vulnerability for some. The\u0000 extent and nature of change in Ethiopia's drylands call for political responses that address social inequities and power imbalances, that safeguard pastoralists' resource rights and that allow for more inclusive forms of governance.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41476587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Marchina, A. Zazzo, N. Lazzerini, A. Coulon, S. Lepetz, N. Bayarkhuu, T. Turbat, C. Noûs
Kazakh herders of the Mongolian Altai practice a form of nomadism characterised by high altitudinal amplitude and more frequent movements than in other regions of Mongolia. This paper proposes a local scale study of nomadic practices using an original multidisciplinary methodological approach combining anthropological surveys and several years' GPS data tracking of five herder families' herds. The dialogue between geo-localised and qualitative data over several consecutive years makes it possible to better understand the environmental, economic, social and individual factors that determine nomadic routes and calendars. It also highlights the ways in which herders cope with interannual variations. In particular, this new methodology reveals the importance of temporary herd separations and re-evaluates the frequency of nomadic movements, which might have been underestimated by the classical anthropological approach.
{"title":"Kazakh Variations for Herders and Animals in the Mongolian Altai: Methodological Contributions to the Study of Nomadic Pastoralism","authors":"C. Marchina, A. Zazzo, N. Lazzerini, A. Coulon, S. Lepetz, N. Bayarkhuu, T. Turbat, C. Noûs","doi":"10.3197/np.2022.260103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260103","url":null,"abstract":"Kazakh herders of the Mongolian Altai practice a form of nomadism characterised by high altitudinal amplitude and more frequent movements than in other regions of Mongolia. This paper proposes a local scale study of nomadic practices using an original multidisciplinary methodological\u0000 approach combining anthropological surveys and several years' GPS data tracking of five herder families' herds. The dialogue between geo-localised and qualitative data over several consecutive years makes it possible to better understand the environmental, economic, social and individual factors\u0000 that determine nomadic routes and calendars. It also highlights the ways in which herders cope with interannual variations. In particular, this new methodology reveals the importance of temporary herd separations and re-evaluates the frequency of nomadic movements, which might have been underestimated\u0000 by the classical anthropological approach.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45569727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Universal equality is achieved through citizenship. Despite this normative definition, the reality of citizenship differs across space and time. Against the backdrop of the decentring of state power in the wake of globalisation, when Western scrutiny focused on the peripheries of Uganda, Kenya and South Sudan, and when integrated disarmament and sedentarisation policies were promoted, pastoralists in the Karamoja region of Uganda, rather than appealing to normative notions of citizenship, initiated their own practice of citizenship in resistance to and articulation with the state order. Aware that direct confrontation with power immobilises a one-sided violence perpetration/victimisation relationship, pastoralists developed a repertoire of citizenship-related practices, including animals as co-citizens, to obtain recognition for continued nomadic pastoralism.
{"title":"Citizenship, Resistance and Animals: Karamoja Region Pastoralists' Resilience against State Violence in Uganda","authors":"I. Hazama","doi":"10.3197/np.2021.250207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2021.250207","url":null,"abstract":"Universal equality is achieved through citizenship. Despite this normative definition, the reality of citizenship differs across space and time. Against the backdrop of the decentring of state power in the wake of globalisation, when Western scrutiny focused on the peripheries of Uganda,\u0000 Kenya and South Sudan, and when integrated disarmament and sedentarisation policies were promoted, pastoralists in the Karamoja region of Uganda, rather than appealing to normative notions of citizenship, initiated their own practice of citizenship in resistance to and articulation with the\u0000 state order. Aware that direct confrontation with power immobilises a one-sided violence perpetration/victimisation relationship, pastoralists developed a repertoire of citizenship-related practices, including animals as co-citizens, to obtain recognition for continued nomadic pastoralism.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43592477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores an overlooked aspect of the 'resilience of pastoralism' in crises through an ethnographic case study of a series of conflicts between the Samburu and the Pokot in Kenya that erupted in 2004. Emery Roe's concepts of reliability professionals and real-time management of pastoralists are utilised as theoretical frameworks for this study. It was observed that the 'logic of high input variance matched by high process variance to ensure low and stable output variance' occurred through the formation of clustered settlements and an inter-ethnic mobile phone network. This case illustrates how pastoralists endured the conflict as reliability professionals.
{"title":"Reconsidering the Resilience of Pastoralism from the Perspective of Reliability: The Case of Conflicts between the Samburu and the Pokot of Kenya, 2004-2009","authors":"S. Konaka","doi":"10.3197/np.2021.250205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2021.250205","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores an overlooked aspect of the 'resilience of pastoralism' in crises through an ethnographic case study of a series of conflicts between the Samburu and the Pokot in Kenya that erupted in 2004. Emery Roe's concepts of reliability professionals and real-time management\u0000 of pastoralists are utilised as theoretical frameworks for this study. It was observed that the 'logic of high input variance matched by high process variance to ensure low and stable output variance' occurred through the formation of clustered settlements and an inter-ethnic mobile phone\u0000 network. This case illustrates how pastoralists endured the conflict as reliability professionals.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41371366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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