Various models and equations of water vapor sorption by hydrophilic polymers were considered. It was shown that these models often do not correspond to the sorption mechanism. These models can be mathematically adapted to the experimental isotherm regardless of the real sorption mechanism. Even when sorption occurs according to the same mechanism, various authors use different models and equations. This study is based on the volume absorption mechanism and the Van Krevelen method of group contributions. As a result, a universal physicochemical equation was proposed, which makes it possible to adequately describe the sorption isotherms of amorphous hydrophilic polymers knowing only the chemical formulas of repeating units of these polymers. To calculate the sorption isotherms for semicrystalline samples, it is necessary to use an additional parameter, namely the degree of amorphicity (Y). The adequacy of the derived equation was verified for samples of cellulose and other natural polysaccharides, as well as for samples of synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide-6, and polycaprolactone having various Y-values. The verification showed that the experimental isotherms are almost identical to the isotherms calculated by the universal equation.
{"title":"Models of Water Vapor Sorption by Hydrophilic Polymers","authors":"M. Ioelovich","doi":"10.54026/aroic/1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/aroic/1005","url":null,"abstract":"Various models and equations of water vapor sorption by hydrophilic polymers were considered. It was shown that these models often do not correspond to the sorption mechanism. These models can be mathematically adapted to the experimental isotherm regardless of the real sorption mechanism. Even when sorption occurs according to the same mechanism, various authors use different models and equations. This study is based on the volume absorption mechanism and the Van Krevelen method of group contributions. As a result, a universal physicochemical equation was proposed, which makes it possible to adequately describe the sorption isotherms of amorphous hydrophilic polymers knowing only the chemical formulas of repeating units of these polymers. To calculate the sorption isotherms for semicrystalline samples, it is necessary to use an additional parameter, namely the degree of amorphicity (Y). The adequacy of the derived equation was verified for samples of cellulose and other natural polysaccharides, as well as for samples of synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide-6, and polycaprolactone having various Y-values. The verification showed that the experimental isotherms are almost identical to the isotherms calculated by the universal equation.","PeriodicalId":193352,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (AROIC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131634645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano-biotechnology applications use in various fields in the last decades, while, Nano-biotechnology has a significant role in the agricultural sector. There are various challenges facing agriculture production, particularly climate change conditions and biotic stress such as pathogens and insects, which affects negatively various crop production, particularly the horticultural crops. Nanotechnology is considered a key tool for improving agricultural production, there are numerous advantages of the application of Nano-biotechnology like target delivery of various agrochemicals for specific sites in plant tissue, enhancing plant tolerance, increase nutrient efficiency, which improves plant growth. Nanoparticles are manufactured by different techniques, while, there are two main methods to manufacture (top to down), and bottom-up. There are different unique properties of nanomaterials such as higher charge density and higher reactivity due to (High surface to volume ratio), higher penetration of plant tissues, strength, and heat resistance. There are different applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural field that include nano fertilizers, nanocides, biosensors, nano-carriers, nano herbicides, Analysis of gene expression, and application in post-harvest processing such as nano-coating materials and nano packaging. In addition application of nanotechnology in precision agriculture. Bio-Nano application in the agricultural fields sustained the environment, protecting both soil and water from pollution by agrochemicals, and increasing crop productivity.
{"title":"Role of Nano-Biotechnology in Agricultural Sector","authors":"W. Abobatta","doi":"10.54026/aroic/1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/aroic/1004","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-biotechnology applications use in various fields in the last decades, while, Nano-biotechnology has a significant role in the agricultural sector. There are various challenges facing agriculture production, particularly climate change conditions and biotic stress such as pathogens and insects, which affects negatively various crop production, particularly the horticultural crops. Nanotechnology is considered a key tool for improving agricultural production, there are numerous advantages of the application of Nano-biotechnology like target delivery of various agrochemicals for specific sites in plant tissue, enhancing plant tolerance, increase nutrient efficiency, which improves plant growth. Nanoparticles are manufactured by different techniques, while, there are two main methods to manufacture (top to down), and bottom-up. There are different unique properties of nanomaterials such as higher charge density and higher reactivity due to (High surface to volume ratio), higher penetration of plant tissues, strength, and heat resistance. There are different applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural field that include nano fertilizers, nanocides, biosensors, nano-carriers, nano herbicides, Analysis of gene expression, and application in post-harvest processing such as nano-coating materials and nano packaging. In addition application of nanotechnology in precision agriculture. Bio-Nano application in the agricultural fields sustained the environment, protecting both soil and water from pollution by agrochemicals, and increasing crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":193352,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (AROIC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132115098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Living organisms (eggs and larvae of Danio rerio) have been incubated in an innovative microincubator MIBA with various concentrations of Di-N-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) derivatives for different times. Images were acquired with a macromultiphoton or CARS microscope and probe DBP (control) and its derivative N3-aDBP were detectable thanks to the signal emitted by the alkyne and a signal possible thanks to the auto-fluorescence of the aromatic ring. Using fluorescence imaging and CARS microscopy methods, we investigated the value of Raman-CARS that could vibrate unnatural groups (N3 or C≡C) previously grafted onto the DBP molecule in zebrafish. Contrary to other products, N3-aDBP probe has been detected continuingly by macro-fluorescence in larva but CARS signal was only detected in FLIM mode (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy). To conclude, CARS microscopy can be used to image toxic pollutants even by integrating photo-activatable probes. In our case, photo-physical reactions following the irradiation of the probe lead to new photoproducts that are not identified and difficult to characterize in fluorescence and specific CARS signal.
{"title":"Cars as a Method for the Detection of Toxic Pollutants in MIBA: The Case of Phthalates on Danio renio’s Larva","authors":"D. Dumas","doi":"10.54026/aroic/1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/aroic/1003","url":null,"abstract":"Living organisms (eggs and larvae of Danio rerio) have been incubated in an innovative microincubator MIBA with various concentrations of Di-N-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) derivatives for different times. Images were acquired with a macromultiphoton or CARS microscope and probe DBP (control) and its derivative N3-aDBP were detectable thanks to the signal emitted by the alkyne and a signal possible thanks to the auto-fluorescence of the aromatic ring. Using fluorescence imaging and CARS microscopy methods, we investigated the value of Raman-CARS that could vibrate unnatural groups (N3 or C≡C) previously grafted onto the DBP molecule in zebrafish. Contrary to other products, N3-aDBP probe has been detected continuingly by macro-fluorescence in larva but CARS signal was only detected in FLIM mode (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy). To conclude, CARS microscopy can be used to image toxic pollutants even by integrating photo-activatable probes. In our case, photo-physical reactions following the irradiation of the probe lead to new photoproducts that are not identified and difficult to characterize in fluorescence and specific CARS signal.","PeriodicalId":193352,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (AROIC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115697956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Through bioinformatics analysis, predict Haemonchus contortus larvae putative receptors for Cry11Aa. Results: Using a PyDOCK predicted high affinity interaction, as demonstrated by the highly negative binding energies of -57.2, -72.8, and -68.4 respectively for HC23, H-GAL-GP, H11, and all receptors docked to the domain II of Cry11Aa. Conclusion: These results suggest that Bti Cry11Aa toxin may use the proteins HC23, H-GAL-GP, and H11 as a receptor in Haemonchus contortus larvae and by doing so, carry out its nematicidal effect.
{"title":"Putative Receptors for Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Israelensis Cry11Aa in Haemonchus Contortus Larvae","authors":"F. L. Leivas Leite","doi":"10.54026/aroic/1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/aroic/1002","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Through bioinformatics analysis, predict Haemonchus contortus larvae putative receptors for Cry11Aa. Results: Using a PyDOCK predicted high affinity interaction, as demonstrated by the highly negative binding energies of -57.2, -72.8, and -68.4 respectively for HC23, H-GAL-GP, H11, and all receptors docked to the domain II of Cry11Aa. Conclusion: These results suggest that Bti Cry11Aa toxin may use the proteins HC23, H-GAL-GP, and H11 as a receptor in Haemonchus contortus larvae and by doing so, carry out its nematicidal effect.","PeriodicalId":193352,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (AROIC)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122418778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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