Background: Infectious diseases continue to be one of the biggest health challenges around the world, followed by problems caused by antibiotic resistance and excessive use of antibiotics. In general, Enterococcus faecalis is the main cause of nosocomial infections and is the most common cause of surgical ulcer infections. This study examines how a vancomycin nanomedicine attaches to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle. Determining the role of vancomycin nanomedicine on reducing the drug resistance of vancomycin in E. faecalis (clinical hospital isolates) and determining the cytotoxicity effects of nanomedicine. M aterials and Methods: In this method, first, attachment made through chemical processes such as emulsion between vancomycin antibiotic and a PLGA nanoparticle, and resultant antibiotic tested on vancomycin resistant E. faecalis . R es ults: The results of this study indicate that the method of nanomedicine attachment to antibiotics was an effective method and it was determined by X-ray Diffraction that the attachment was precisely performed. In the antibiogram method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanomedicine increased in respect to vancomycin antibiotic. Conclusion: The results showed that produced Nano-antibiotics had a better effect than resistant antibiotics.
{"title":"Examination of the Steps and Attachment Circumstances of the Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nano-particle to Increase the Effect of Nanomedicine on Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis","authors":"Bahare Rafian, A. Eghdami, G. Moradi","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21596","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infectious diseases continue to be one of the biggest health challenges around the world, followed by problems caused by antibiotic resistance and excessive use of antibiotics. In general, Enterococcus faecalis is the main cause of nosocomial infections and is the most common cause of surgical ulcer infections. This study examines how a vancomycin nanomedicine attaches to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle. Determining the role of vancomycin nanomedicine on reducing the drug resistance of vancomycin in E. faecalis (clinical hospital isolates) and determining the cytotoxicity effects of nanomedicine. M aterials and Methods: In this method, first, attachment made through chemical processes such as emulsion between vancomycin antibiotic and a PLGA nanoparticle, and resultant antibiotic tested on vancomycin resistant E. faecalis . R es ults: The results of this study indicate that the method of nanomedicine attachment to antibiotics was an effective method and it was determined by X-ray Diffraction that the attachment was precisely performed. In the antibiogram method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanomedicine increased in respect to vancomycin antibiotic. Conclusion: The results showed that produced Nano-antibiotics had a better effect than resistant antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84478898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The present study aims to assess the ability of the acute physiology, chronic health evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute poisoning. M aterials and Methods: Using data from 622 consecutive ICU admitted poisoned patients, Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital, Tehran, during May 2015-April 2016. Various statistical tools used to assess the correlation, significance, and predictability. R es ults: Overall APACHE IV scoring system was statistically significant (P=.001). Death rate prediction, increased from 79.4% to 86.8 % by model, with SMR =0.83%. A meaningful association between APACHE-IV score and the risk of mortality with good discrimination and, calibration (p value of 0.978) was evident. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the APACHE IV system performs acceptably in our patients with acute poisoning and can be utilized as a performance assessment tool in poisoning centers.
背景:本研究旨在评估急性生理、慢性健康评估IV (acute physiology, chronic health evaluation IV, APACHE IV)评分系统对重症监护病房(ICU)急性中毒患者住院死亡率的预测能力。材料与方法:利用2015年5月- 2016年4月德黑兰Loghman-e-Hakim医院ICU连续收治的622例中毒患者的资料。用于评估相关性、显著性和可预测性的各种统计工具。结果:APACHE IV评分系统总体差异有统计学意义(P= 0.001)。模型预测死亡率由79.4%提高到86.8%，SMR =0.83%。APACHE-IV评分与死亡风险之间存在显著相关性，具有良好的判别性和校正性(p值为0.978)。结论:本研究表明APACHE IV系统在急性中毒患者中表现良好，可作为中毒中心的绩效评估工具。
{"title":"Performance Assessment of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV Scoring System in Outcome of Patients fallowing Acute Poisoning","authors":"Farideh Khodabandeh, S. Shadnia, Matien Pormatine","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.21277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study aims to assess the ability of the acute physiology, chronic health evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute poisoning. M aterials and Methods: Using data from 622 consecutive ICU admitted poisoned patients, Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital, Tehran, during May 2015-April 2016. Various statistical tools used to assess the correlation, significance, and predictability. R es ults: Overall APACHE IV scoring system was statistically significant (P=.001). Death rate prediction, increased from 79.4% to 86.8 % by model, with SMR =0.83%. A meaningful association between APACHE-IV score and the risk of mortality with good discrimination and, calibration (p value of 0.978) was evident. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the APACHE IV system performs acceptably in our patients with acute poisoning and can be utilized as a performance assessment tool in poisoning centers.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"58 4 1","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89553953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. H. Manesh, S. A. Mar'ashi, T. Doroudi, M. Saberi, Seyed Hossein Modjtahedi, P. Kolivand, Abbas Masjedi Arani
Background: Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy (NET (has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster. M aterials and Methods: The present study is based on single-case experimental design (SCED) with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), patient health questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15). Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges' g effect size. R es ults: Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25%, depression 63.25%, and somatic symptoms was 53.75%. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms (RCI≥1.96). C onclusion: According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms.
背景:群体聚集作为一种潜在的创伤性事件，在心理学研究领域一直没有受到太多的关注。2015年朝觐期间的米娜(沙特阿拉伯麦加)灾难就发生在这种背景下。个体可能面临创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁和创伤事件后躯体症状的风险。叙述暴露疗法(NET)被认为是创伤后应激障碍和创伤相关疾病的一种治疗方案。本研究旨在探讨叙事暴露疗法对Mina灾难伊朗幸存者创伤后应激症状严重程度和共病症状的有效性。材料和方法:本研究基于基线的单例实验设计(SCED)。8名符合创伤后应激障碍标准并完成纳入标准的Mina灾难幸存者随机分为NET组和对照组。实验组参与者分别接受12次NET治疗。数据收集工具包括PTSD DSM-5 (PCL-5)、Beck抑郁量表- ii (BDI-II)、患者健康问卷15 (PHQ-15)。使用截断点、百分比改善指数、RCI和Hedges效应大小对数据进行分析。结果:接受NET治疗的PTSD患者总改善率为68.25%，抑郁症为63.25%，躯体症状为53.75%。接受NET治疗的受试者在创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和躯体症状的严重程度方面的所有变化均具有临床意义(RCI≥1.96)。C结论:根据本研究结果，NET对减轻PTSD症状及其共病症状有显著作用。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on the Severity of Posttraumatic Stress and the Co-Morbid Symptoms of Iranian Survivors of Mina Disaster","authors":"E. H. Manesh, S. A. Mar'ashi, T. Doroudi, M. Saberi, Seyed Hossein Modjtahedi, P. Kolivand, Abbas Masjedi Arani","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy (NET (has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster. M aterials and Methods: The present study is based on single-case experimental design (SCED) with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), patient health questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15). Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges' g effect size. R es ults: Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25%, depression 63.25%, and somatic symptoms was 53.75%. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms (RCI≥1.96). C onclusion: According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90976289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Roodneshin, M. P. Z. N. Kermany, Pooya Rostami, Omid Niksan
Background: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a life threatening, possible complication of corrective strabismus surgery and is more common among the pediatric patients. Sevoflurane and Propofol are the most commonly used agents in pediatric surgery. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two agents on oculocardiac reflex during corrective strabismus surgery in pediatrics patients. M aterials and Methods: A total of 89 children were divided in two groups and no significant demographic data difference was between the two groups. Group 1 (n=45) received sevoflurane 6-8% as induction agent followed by 2-3% for maintenance, group 2 (n=44) was injected with propofol 3mg/kg as induction agent followed by 200µg/kg/min infusion as the maintenance dose, bispectral index (BIS) was kept 40-60 in both groups. Oculocardiac reflex was compared between the two groups. R es ults: Incidence of OCR of group 1was showed a significant decrease. C onclusion: Sevoflurane reduced the incidence of OCR. Sevoflurane may be the agent of choice in corrective strabismus surgery, compared to propofol.
{"title":"Incidence of Oculocardiac Reflex in Pediatric Population Undergoing Corrective Strabismus Surgery: Comparison between Sevoflurane and Total Intravenous Anesthesia","authors":"F. Roodneshin, M. P. Z. N. Kermany, Pooya Rostami, Omid Niksan","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I4.23199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a life threatening, possible complication of corrective strabismus surgery and is more common among the pediatric patients. Sevoflurane and Propofol are the most commonly used agents in pediatric surgery. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two agents on oculocardiac reflex during corrective strabismus surgery in pediatrics patients. M aterials and Methods: A total of 89 children were divided in two groups and no significant demographic data difference was between the two groups. Group 1 (n=45) received sevoflurane 6-8% as induction agent followed by 2-3% for maintenance, group 2 (n=44) was injected with propofol 3mg/kg as induction agent followed by 200µg/kg/min infusion as the maintenance dose, bispectral index (BIS) was kept 40-60 in both groups. Oculocardiac reflex was compared between the two groups. R es ults: Incidence of OCR of group 1was showed a significant decrease. C onclusion: Sevoflurane reduced the incidence of OCR. Sevoflurane may be the agent of choice in corrective strabismus surgery, compared to propofol.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"67 4 1","pages":"180-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90713337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Borsi, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari, Hanieh Raji, F. Ghalavand
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients who have undergone intubation and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing life-threatening VAP due to specific conditions, especially with Gram-negative pathogens with advanced drug resistance. Hereby, the control of these agents and its monitoring is of particular importance. In this study, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from tracheal culture of patients with VAP investigated in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahwaz. M aterials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, tracheal samples were collected during April 2016 to April 2017 from patients who were on mechanical ventilation in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz, Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. After isolation, bacterial strains were identified using biochemical tests. Then, antimicrobial resistance pattern of these isolates investigated using standard disc diffusion according to clinical and laboratory standards institute 2016 (CLSI 2016) guidelines. R es ults: A total of 111 bacterial isolates were identified which were as following; Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Serratia marcescens , with prevalence of 54%, 19.8%, 14.4%, 6.4%, 4.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates showed that almost all isolates had high resistance to treatment antibiotics and were multi-drug resistance (MDR). The A . baumannii isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam, but ampicillin-tazobactam had a good effect. C onclusion: The results of this study showed that patients admitted to ICU due to their conditions of treatment are more likely to develop VAP by Gram-negative pathogens. The empirical treatment of VAP due to predominant bacterial causes and emerging drug resistance has become more challenging. It requires to use of multidrug regimens for routine clinical practice. It should be noted that in order to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, precise and correct diagnosis is very important.
{"title":"Prevalence of Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahwaz, Iran","authors":"S. Borsi, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari, Hanieh Raji, F. Ghalavand","doi":"10.22037/nbm.v6i4.23198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v6i4.23198","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients who have undergone intubation and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing life-threatening VAP due to specific conditions, especially with Gram-negative pathogens with advanced drug resistance. Hereby, the control of these agents and its monitoring is of particular importance. In this study, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from tracheal culture of patients with VAP investigated in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahwaz. M aterials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, tracheal samples were collected during April 2016 to April 2017 from patients who were on mechanical ventilation in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz, Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. After isolation, bacterial strains were identified using biochemical tests. Then, antimicrobial resistance pattern of these isolates investigated using standard disc diffusion according to clinical and laboratory standards institute 2016 (CLSI 2016) guidelines. R es ults: A total of 111 bacterial isolates were identified which were as following; Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Serratia marcescens , with prevalence of 54%, 19.8%, 14.4%, 6.4%, 4.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates showed that almost all isolates had high resistance to treatment antibiotics and were multi-drug resistance (MDR). The A . baumannii isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam, but ampicillin-tazobactam had a good effect. C onclusion: The results of this study showed that patients admitted to ICU due to their conditions of treatment are more likely to develop VAP by Gram-negative pathogens. The empirical treatment of VAP due to predominant bacterial causes and emerging drug resistance has become more challenging. It requires to use of multidrug regimens for routine clinical practice. It should be noted that in order to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, precise and correct diagnosis is very important.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"84 1","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90832378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yadegarynia, Sara Rahmati Roodsari, Zahra Arab-Mazar
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to human retrovirus family and transmitted by blood transfusion and blood products. 36.9 million People were living with HIV infection worldwide in 2014 approximately 1 , during which 2 million (1.9–2.2 million) new infections with HIV had occurred. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by hemodialysis (HD) are more susceptible for infection by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Renal failure can be an associated condition or could be a direct consequence of HIV infection 2 , 3 . Advanced HIV disease which is indicates by a low CD4 cell count is development of renal diseases subsequently 4 , however many other causes now may cause renal failure in patients with HIV, including drug-induced toxicity, hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis, and diabetes 5 . HIV infection and hemodialysis have same consequences such as cardiovascular diseases, immunosuppression, anemia, weight loss, and osteodystrophy 6 , 7 . Compared with rate of infection with other viral infection such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), the risk of HIV infection among hemodialysis patients is lower as the contact with contaminated sources. Although intensive HIV research has been done for 20 years, we have a little knowledge about mortality risk factor in ESRD on HIV-infected patients. Hemodialysis patients who have HIV-infected are assumed to a high risk for death 4 . The finding the current study demonstrated the prevalence of HIV in hemodialysis patients which was conducted in 5 hemodialysis centers in Tehran province, Iran, in the 2016. All the enrolled participants were informed about study and written informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Among 360 patients, 213 (59.17%) of patients were men and 147 (40. 83%) were females; the mean age of patients was 53.43. HIV Ab was negative in all cases. This result has been confirmed in other studies as well 8 . The highest frequency for duration of dialysis is 1-5 years. Nowadays viral transmission via hemodialysis routes is controlled and limited since more effective screening of blood donor. Screening and early diagnosis of kidney disease will improve outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Considering all of these evidences, further studies are recommended strongly to evaluate the real prevalence of HIV in these patients.
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)属于人类逆转录病毒家族，通过输血和血液制品传播。2014年，全世界约有3690万人感染艾滋病毒，其中200万(190 - 220万)新发艾滋病毒感染。终末期肾病(ESRD)患者接受血液透析(HD)治疗更容易感染人类免疫缺陷病毒感染。肾功能衰竭可能是HIV感染的一个相关条件或直接后果2,3。CD4细胞计数低表明的晚期HIV疾病是随后肾脏疾病的发展，然而现在许多其他原因可能导致HIV患者肾功能衰竭，包括药物性毒性、高血压肾血管硬化和糖尿病。艾滋病毒感染和血液透析具有相同的后果，如心血管疾病、免疫抑制、贫血、体重减轻和骨营养不良6,7。与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)等其他病毒感染率相比，血液透析患者因接触污染源而感染HIV的风险较低。尽管对艾滋病毒的深入研究已经进行了20年，但我们对艾滋病毒感染的终末期肾病患者的死亡风险因素知之甚少。感染艾滋病毒的血液透析患者被认为有很高的死亡风险。目前的研究结果表明，2016年在伊朗德黑兰省的5个血液透析中心进行的血液透析患者中艾滋病毒的流行情况。所有入组的参与者都被告知研究内容并获得书面知情同意书。统计学分析采用SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc .， Chicago, IL, USA)。360例患者中，男性213例(59.17%)，147例(40例)。83%)为女性;患者平均年龄53.43岁。所有病例的HIV抗体均为阴性。这一结果在其他研究中也得到了证实。透析时间最长的频率为1 ~ 5年。如今，由于对献血者进行了更有效的筛查，通过血液透析途径的病毒传播得到了控制和限制。肾脏疾病的筛查和早期诊断将改善HIV感染患者的预后。考虑到所有这些证据，强烈建议进一步研究以评估这些患者中艾滋病毒的真实流行情况。
{"title":"Prevalence of HIV Infection among Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"D. Yadegarynia, Sara Rahmati Roodsari, Zahra Arab-Mazar","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.21738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.21738","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to human retrovirus family and transmitted by blood transfusion and blood products. 36.9 million People were living with HIV infection worldwide in 2014 approximately 1 , during which 2 million (1.9–2.2 million) new infections with HIV had occurred. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by hemodialysis (HD) are more susceptible for infection by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Renal failure can be an associated condition or could be a direct consequence of HIV infection 2 , 3 . Advanced HIV disease which is indicates by a low CD4 cell count is development of renal diseases subsequently 4 , however many other causes now may cause renal failure in patients with HIV, including drug-induced toxicity, hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis, and diabetes 5 . HIV infection and hemodialysis have same consequences such as cardiovascular diseases, immunosuppression, anemia, weight loss, and osteodystrophy 6 , 7 . Compared with rate of infection with other viral infection such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), the risk of HIV infection among hemodialysis patients is lower as the contact with contaminated sources. Although intensive HIV research has been done for 20 years, we have a little knowledge about mortality risk factor in ESRD on HIV-infected patients. Hemodialysis patients who have HIV-infected are assumed to a high risk for death 4 . The finding the current study demonstrated the prevalence of HIV in hemodialysis patients which was conducted in 5 hemodialysis centers in Tehran province, Iran, in the 2016. All the enrolled participants were informed about study and written informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Among 360 patients, 213 (59.17%) of patients were men and 147 (40. 83%) were females; the mean age of patients was 53.43. HIV Ab was negative in all cases. This result has been confirmed in other studies as well 8 . The highest frequency for duration of dialysis is 1-5 years. Nowadays viral transmission via hemodialysis routes is controlled and limited since more effective screening of blood donor. Screening and early diagnosis of kidney disease will improve outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Considering all of these evidences, further studies are recommended strongly to evaluate the real prevalence of HIV in these patients.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84020694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mohammadnia, K. Hajinabi, M. Farahani, Ali Komeli
Background: As there is no valid questionnaire for assessing international hospital performance from providers’ perspective, this study aimed to develop a reliable as well as valid questionnaire for Iranian hospitals. M aterials and Methods: To develop the International Hospital Performance Assessment (IHPA) questionnaire, literature review did and comparative study conducted for extracting relevant items from twenty leader hospitals in all over the world. After that, to design the questionnaire and estimate its content validity index and ratio (CVI, CVR), 20 medical tourism experts selected. Then, questionnaire‘s construct validity (CVI & CVR) determined by using SPSS version 21 as well as exploratory factor analysis. Finally, reliability assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. R es ults: The content validity of the questionnaire determined as (CVI= 0.85, CVR= 0.60). According to expert opinion 5 dimensions of the questionnaire selected from World Health Organization hospital performance framework, which were clinical effectiveness and patient safety, efficiency, patient centeredness, governance responsiveness and even staff orientation. Furthermore, results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire contained 45 items and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.687. C onclusion: Results indicated that standard IHPA questionnaire with 45 items in 5 dimensions developed as a tool for measuring hospitals’ quality of care in Iran.
{"title":"International Hospital Performance Assessment: Developing a Questionnaire","authors":"M. Mohammadnia, K. Hajinabi, M. Farahani, Ali Komeli","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As there is no valid questionnaire for assessing international hospital performance from providers’ perspective, this study aimed to develop a reliable as well as valid questionnaire for Iranian hospitals. M aterials and Methods: To develop the International Hospital Performance Assessment (IHPA) questionnaire, literature review did and comparative study conducted for extracting relevant items from twenty leader hospitals in all over the world. After that, to design the questionnaire and estimate its content validity index and ratio (CVI, CVR), 20 medical tourism experts selected. Then, questionnaire‘s construct validity (CVI & CVR) determined by using SPSS version 21 as well as exploratory factor analysis. Finally, reliability assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. R es ults: The content validity of the questionnaire determined as (CVI= 0.85, CVR= 0.60). According to expert opinion 5 dimensions of the questionnaire selected from World Health Organization hospital performance framework, which were clinical effectiveness and patient safety, efficiency, patient centeredness, governance responsiveness and even staff orientation. Furthermore, results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire contained 45 items and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.687. C onclusion: Results indicated that standard IHPA questionnaire with 45 items in 5 dimensions developed as a tool for measuring hospitals’ quality of care in Iran.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87794961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahel Amoozadeh, M. Hemmati, M. Farajollahi, N. Akbari, P. Tarighi
Background: Targeted cancer therapies have played a great role in the treatment of malignant tumors, in the recent years. Among these therapies, targeted toxin therapies such as immunotoxins, has improved the patient’s survival rate by minimizing the adverse effect on normal tissues, whereas delivering a high dose of tumoricidal agent for eradicating the cancer tissue. Immunological proteins such as antibodies are conjugated to plant toxins or bacterial toxins such as Diphtheria toxin (DT) and Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) . In this case optimizing and expressing Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A which their binding domains are eliminated play a crucial role in producing the desired immunotoxins. Materials and Methods: We expressed the truncated DT and PE toxin in a genetically modified E.coli strain BL21 (DE3). For this reason we eliminated the binding domain sequences of these toxins and expressed these proteins in an expression vector pET28a with the kanamycin resistant gene for selection. The optimization of Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A expression was due to different IPTG concentration, induction and sonication time. Results: We observed that the optimal protein expression of the Diphtheria toxin was gained in 4 hours of 0.4 mM IPTG concentration at 25˚C on the other hand the optimization of Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein occurred in 4 hours of 0.5 mM IPTG concentration at 25 ˚C. Conclusion: Our study also showed lower IPTG concentrations could result in higher protein expression. By optimizing this procedure, we facilitate the protein production which could lead to acceleration of the drug development.
背景:近年来，肿瘤靶向治疗在恶性肿瘤的治疗中发挥了重要作用。在这些疗法中，靶向毒素疗法，如免疫毒素，通过最大限度地减少对正常组织的不良影响，提高了患者的存活率，同时提供高剂量的杀瘤剂来根除癌症组织。免疫蛋白(如抗体)与植物毒素或细菌毒素结合，如白喉毒素(DT)和假单胞菌外毒素A (PE)。在这种情况下，优化和表达白喉毒素和假单胞菌外毒素A，它们的结合域被消除，在产生所需的免疫毒素中起着至关重要的作用。材料和方法:我们在转基因大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中表达了截断的DT和PE毒素。因此，我们剔除了这些毒素的结合域序列，并在带有卡那霉素耐药基因的表达载体pET28a中表达这些蛋白进行选择。不同IPTG浓度、诱导和超声时间对白喉毒素和假单胞菌外毒素A表达的影响最大。结果:白喉毒素蛋白在25℃0.4 mM IPTG处理4 h时表达最佳，假单胞菌外毒素A蛋白在25℃0.5 mM IPTG处理4 h时表达最佳。结论:我们的研究也表明，较低的IPTG浓度可以导致较高的蛋白表达。通过优化这一过程，我们促进了蛋白质的生产，从而加速了药物的开发。
{"title":"Determining Induction Conditions for Expression of Truncated Diphtheria Toxin and Pseudomonas Exotoxin A in E. coli BL21","authors":"Sahel Amoozadeh, M. Hemmati, M. Farajollahi, N. Akbari, P. Tarighi","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.20537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Targeted cancer therapies have played a great role in the treatment of malignant tumors, in the recent years. Among these therapies, targeted toxin therapies such as immunotoxins, has improved the patient’s survival rate by minimizing the adverse effect on normal tissues, whereas delivering a high dose of tumoricidal agent for eradicating the cancer tissue. Immunological proteins such as antibodies are conjugated to plant toxins or bacterial toxins such as Diphtheria toxin (DT) and Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) . In this case optimizing and expressing Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A which their binding domains are eliminated play a crucial role in producing the desired immunotoxins. Materials and Methods: We expressed the truncated DT and PE toxin in a genetically modified E.coli strain BL21 (DE3). For this reason we eliminated the binding domain sequences of these toxins and expressed these proteins in an expression vector pET28a with the kanamycin resistant gene for selection. The optimization of Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A expression was due to different IPTG concentration, induction and sonication time. Results: We observed that the optimal protein expression of the Diphtheria toxin was gained in 4 hours of 0.4 mM IPTG concentration at 25˚C on the other hand the optimization of Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein occurred in 4 hours of 0.5 mM IPTG concentration at 25 ˚C. Conclusion: Our study also showed lower IPTG concentrations could result in higher protein expression. By optimizing this procedure, we facilitate the protein production which could lead to acceleration of the drug development.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"87 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76341017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the main causes of nosocomial infection. Burn patients are at high risk of acquiring this bacterium due to skin damage and their immune deficiency, and mortality rate in these infected patients is high (40-50%). Therefore, due to antibiotic resistance of MBL containing strains in this bacterium, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanol and acetone of Zataria multiflora, Capsicum annum L. and Piper nigrum L. on strains containing MBL in this bacterium. M aterials and Methods: This lab study was conducted on samples from burn patients, which were gathered between 2015 and 2016. In this study first, disc diffusion and MIC were done based on the CLSI protocol; and using a combined disk, we detected metallo-beta-lactamase. Next, the bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) genes were identified by the PCR method. In order to investigate the effect of three plants extract on bacteria, the bacteria was affected by triple extracts using MIC and disk diffusion. R es ults: According to the results, all three plants had an acceptable effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains containing metallo-beta-lactamase, and to be more precise, the acetone type of extract of Capsicum Annum L at a concentration of 1.5 mg / ml had the best effect in treating of these bacteria. C onclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence of several mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected from burn patients. The emergence of these types of XDRs has led to health problems, especially in burn patients. According to the results, the methanolic and acetonic extract of all three plants have been shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of MBL-containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Methanolic and Acetonic of Zataria Multiflora, Capsicum Annum L. and Piper Nigrum L. Extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in the Burn Ward of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran","authors":"H. Goudarzi, A. Hashemi, Sajedeh Chinigarzadeh","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the main causes of nosocomial infection. Burn patients are at high risk of acquiring this bacterium due to skin damage and their immune deficiency, and mortality rate in these infected patients is high (40-50%). Therefore, due to antibiotic resistance of MBL containing strains in this bacterium, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanol and acetone of Zataria multiflora, Capsicum annum L. and Piper nigrum L. on strains containing MBL in this bacterium. M aterials and Methods: This lab study was conducted on samples from burn patients, which were gathered between 2015 and 2016. In this study first, disc diffusion and MIC were done based on the CLSI protocol; and using a combined disk, we detected metallo-beta-lactamase. Next, the bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) genes were identified by the PCR method. In order to investigate the effect of three plants extract on bacteria, the bacteria was affected by triple extracts using MIC and disk diffusion. R es ults: According to the results, all three plants had an acceptable effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains containing metallo-beta-lactamase, and to be more precise, the acetone type of extract of Capsicum Annum L at a concentration of 1.5 mg / ml had the best effect in treating of these bacteria. C onclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence of several mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected from burn patients. The emergence of these types of XDRs has led to health problems, especially in burn patients. According to the results, the methanolic and acetonic extract of all three plants have been shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of MBL-containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa .","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Davari, Amirhossein Moghtader Mojdehi, Sahar Babaali
Background: Lyme disease, (LD) is the most common tick-born disease. It is caused by borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease is a systemic illness. It can involve different organs, causing a large variety of clinical manifestations. LD is potentially lethal in chronic and late stages, so it is important to consider the antibiotic therapy at early stages. Cases Report : Here we present a 29-year-old young woman who was admitted to the hospital with fatigue. She claimed to be bitten one day before the admission. She was otherwise a healthy individual. C onclusion: Through this reported case, we highly recommend the early clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease in endemic areas.
{"title":"Borreliosis: Early Diagnosis based on Clinical Suspicious","authors":"M. Davari, Amirhossein Moghtader Mojdehi, Sahar Babaali","doi":"10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/NBM.V6I3.19146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lyme disease, (LD) is the most common tick-born disease. It is caused by borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease is a systemic illness. It can involve different organs, causing a large variety of clinical manifestations. LD is potentially lethal in chronic and late stages, so it is important to consider the antibiotic therapy at early stages. Cases Report : Here we present a 29-year-old young woman who was admitted to the hospital with fatigue. She claimed to be bitten one day before the admission. She was otherwise a healthy individual. C onclusion: Through this reported case, we highly recommend the early clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease in endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":19372,"journal":{"name":"Novelty in Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"152-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88170427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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