Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00192
Hyung Ho Yoon, S. Jeon
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the denervation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Its cardinal symptoms are rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia. The gold-standard treatment for PD is the administration of levodopa, but no approved treatment can stop the progression of PD. Thus, the development of new therapeutics based on the pathogenesis of PD is needed. In this study, we review the pathogenetic factors of PD to achieve a better understanding of the disease and novel experimental therapies based on recently obtained knowledge regarding its pathogenesis. This could allow us to explore new therapeutic targets and treatments for PD.
{"title":"Pathogenetic factors in Parkinson disease and novel experimental therapies","authors":"Hyung Ho Yoon, S. Jeon","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00192","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the denervation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Its cardinal symptoms are rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia. The gold-standard treatment for PD is the administration of levodopa, but no approved treatment can stop the progression of PD. Thus, the development of new therapeutics based on the pathogenesis of PD is needed. In this study, we review the pathogenetic factors of PD to achieve a better understanding of the disease and novel experimental therapies based on recently obtained knowledge regarding its pathogenesis. This could allow us to explore new therapeutic targets and treatments for PD.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00164
Sangjun Ahn, Jae Meen Lee
Objective: Brain abscess is relatively uncommon because the brain has an abundant blood supply and protection from the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of brain abscesses and to identify factors associated with patients’ outcomes. Methods: The characteristics (age, sex, medical history, initial neurologic status, laboratory data, abscess morphology) and outcomes of 54 patients with brain abscesses who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: There were more male patients than female patients (44:10). Sixteen patients died or became disabled, whereas 38 patients recovered. Statistical analyses indicated that those with a penetration cause, Glasgow coma scale≤12, ventriculitis, or Gram-negative bacilli grown in abscess culture had significantly poorer outcomes, whereas those with a contiguous cause and isolated brain abscess had significantly better outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study identified poor prognostic factors in brain abscess patients. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment techniques, brain abscess still has a high mortality rate. The results of this study are expected to help with exact diagnoses and more accurate prognostication of brain abscess patients.
{"title":"Factors influencing the outcomes and mortality of brain abscess: a retrospective analysis of 54 cases","authors":"Sangjun Ahn, Jae Meen Lee","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00164","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Brain abscess is relatively uncommon because the brain has an abundant blood supply and protection from the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of brain abscesses and to identify factors associated with patients’ outcomes. Methods: The characteristics (age, sex, medical history, initial neurologic status, laboratory data, abscess morphology) and outcomes of 54 patients with brain abscesses who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: There were more male patients than female patients (44:10). Sixteen patients died or became disabled, whereas 38 patients recovered. Statistical analyses indicated that those with a penetration cause, Glasgow coma scale≤12, ventriculitis, or Gram-negative bacilli grown in abscess culture had significantly poorer outcomes, whereas those with a contiguous cause and isolated brain abscess had significantly better outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study identified poor prognostic factors in brain abscess patients. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment techniques, brain abscess still has a high mortality rate. The results of this study are expected to help with exact diagnoses and more accurate prognostication of brain abscess patients.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129938363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00178
C. Yoon, S. Cheon, Kwan Park, Seunghoon Lee
Late wound complications, such as dehiscence or infection, are rare following the retrosigmoid approach, especially when the cranial opening is small. Here, we report two cases of late wound complications after lateral suboccipital craniectomy and cranioplasty with polymethyl methacrylate. Sudden neck rotation was the cause of complications in both cases, and seroma formation, wound dehiscence, and infection developed subsequently 4 and 19 years after surgeries, respectively.
{"title":"Late seroma and infection in patients with cranioplasty implants after lateral suboccipital craniectomy","authors":"C. Yoon, S. Cheon, Kwan Park, Seunghoon Lee","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00178","url":null,"abstract":"Late wound complications, such as dehiscence or infection, are rare following the retrosigmoid approach, especially when the cranial opening is small. Here, we report two cases of late wound complications after lateral suboccipital craniectomy and cranioplasty with polymethyl methacrylate. Sudden neck rotation was the cause of complications in both cases, and seroma formation, wound dehiscence, and infection developed subsequently 4 and 19 years after surgeries, respectively.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131009241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00150
Jaisan Islam, Elina Kc, Young Seok Park
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a long-term disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve, is a form of debilitating neuropathic pain. Although the underlying pathogenesis of TN is debatable, loss of myelin along the trigeminal nerve due to direct compression from a blood vessel or secondary to other conditions such as multiple sclerosis or stroke is thought to be the principal cause. Paroxysmal sporadic pain, with unilateral onset, is the main phenomenon of TN. TN is typically diagnosed clinically. Medications, surgery, and complementary techniques are among the current therapy options for altering the neural circuits associated with TN. Nevertheless, anti-epileptic and tricyclic antidepressant medications are recognized as first-line treatments, and surgical treatment may be required for patients who have not obtained a therapeutic effect with at least three medications, have experienced intolerable side effects, or have symptoms that are not resolving. Stimulation of brain regions is an emerging off-label technique that has the potential to offer pain relief from TN, but sufficient data and more extensive studies on both animals and humans are yet to be published. More specifically, convenient diagnostic techniques and affordable treatment modalities for TN have become crucial needs in order to reduce the psychological and socio-economical losses caused by TN.
{"title":"Recent update on trigeminal neuralgia","authors":"Jaisan Islam, Elina Kc, Young Seok Park","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00150","url":null,"abstract":"Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a long-term disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve, is a form of debilitating neuropathic pain. Although the underlying pathogenesis of TN is debatable, loss of myelin along the trigeminal nerve due to direct compression from a blood vessel or secondary to other conditions such as multiple sclerosis or stroke is thought to be the principal cause. Paroxysmal sporadic pain, with unilateral onset, is the main phenomenon of TN. TN is typically diagnosed clinically. Medications, surgery, and complementary techniques are among the current therapy options for altering the neural circuits associated with TN. Nevertheless, anti-epileptic and tricyclic antidepressant medications are recognized as first-line treatments, and surgical treatment may be required for patients who have not obtained a therapeutic effect with at least three medications, have experienced intolerable side effects, or have symptoms that are not resolving. Stimulation of brain regions is an emerging off-label technique that has the potential to offer pain relief from TN, but sufficient data and more extensive studies on both animals and humans are yet to be published. More specifically, convenient diagnostic techniques and affordable treatment modalities for TN have become crucial needs in order to reduce the psychological and socio-economical losses caused by TN.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124380844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00171
Seung Un Lee, Na Young Jung
Neurosurgical treatment is considered as an effective treatment option for patients with essential tremor (ET), since approximately 50% of the ET population is refractory to medical treatment [1]. Historically, various methods, from ablative procedures to deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been used, each having its own strengths and weaknesses. With the recent development of magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (FUS), a new trend in the lesioning procedure for ET has emerged [2]. Although each treatment can be complementary to each other, clinicians inevitably face difficulties in deciding which surgical technique to use or which target needs to be operated on for the second treatment. In recurrent case after lesioning procedure, it is uncertain whether stimulating previously injured neural structures can achieve the same effectiveness to control tremor. Moreover, it is uncomfortable to set the intracranial surgical tract due to thalamic scarring during the DBS. In contrast, lesioning after failed DBS can be very burdensome to ablate nearby areas with electrical devices. Here, we present a case of recurrent tremor after ablation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM), which was effectively managed with posterior subthalamic area (PSA) DBS, and review previous reports with similar experiences. Posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for recurrent tremor after ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy: a case report
{"title":"Posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for recurrent tremor after ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy: a case report","authors":"Seung Un Lee, Na Young Jung","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00171","url":null,"abstract":"Neurosurgical treatment is considered as an effective treatment option for patients with essential tremor (ET), since approximately 50% of the ET population is refractory to medical treatment [1]. Historically, various methods, from ablative procedures to deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been used, each having its own strengths and weaknesses. With the recent development of magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (FUS), a new trend in the lesioning procedure for ET has emerged [2]. Although each treatment can be complementary to each other, clinicians inevitably face difficulties in deciding which surgical technique to use or which target needs to be operated on for the second treatment. In recurrent case after lesioning procedure, it is uncertain whether stimulating previously injured neural structures can achieve the same effectiveness to control tremor. Moreover, it is uncomfortable to set the intracranial surgical tract due to thalamic scarring during the DBS. In contrast, lesioning after failed DBS can be very burdensome to ablate nearby areas with electrical devices. Here, we present a case of recurrent tremor after ablation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM), which was effectively managed with posterior subthalamic area (PSA) DBS, and review previous reports with similar experiences. Posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for recurrent tremor after ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy: a case report","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121807854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00136
Sang-Hoon Lee, E. Koh, Ha-young Choi, Jung-soo Park, Jong-Myong Lee, H. Jang
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability and plays a critical role in early post-TBI seizures within 1 week of assault, which could transpire in as many as 53% of all TBIs [1]. Post-traumatic seizures (PTSs) caused by TBI can occur either early (within 1 week of the injury) or late (after 1 week of the injury). Proper control of early post-traumatic seizures (EPTSs) is of paramount importance because seizure attacks in the acute stage can add secondary injury to the already damaged brain [2]. In the long run, approximately 25% of patients with Analysis of risk factors related to early post-traumatic seizures and post-traumatic epilepsy
{"title":"Analysis of risk factors related to early post-traumatic seizures and post-traumatic epilepsy","authors":"Sang-Hoon Lee, E. Koh, Ha-young Choi, Jung-soo Park, Jong-Myong Lee, H. Jang","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00136","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability and plays a critical role in early post-TBI seizures within 1 week of assault, which could transpire in as many as 53% of all TBIs [1]. Post-traumatic seizures (PTSs) caused by TBI can occur either early (within 1 week of the injury) or late (after 1 week of the injury). Proper control of early post-traumatic seizures (EPTSs) is of paramount importance because seizure attacks in the acute stage can add secondary injury to the already damaged brain [2]. In the long run, approximately 25% of patients with Analysis of risk factors related to early post-traumatic seizures and post-traumatic epilepsy","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131815715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2022.00143
Hyeon Gu Kang, Kyu Yong Cho, J. Mun, L. S. Lee
A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a commonly performed treatment modality for hydrocephalus. The VP shunt-related complications include infection (peritonitis, ventriculitis, and meningitis), obstruction, migration, and perforation of the intestine [1,2]. Shunt devices have a high incidence of malfunction mainly due to catheter obstruction or infection and are associated with various complications, 25% of which are abdominal complications [3]. Spontaneous bowel perforation is a rare complication with an incidence of 0.01% to 0.07% in VP shunt procedures, occurring at any time, including a few weeks to several years after the placement of the VP shunt device [4]. Treatment must be individualized and depends upon the clinical presentation. Conservative management, endoscopy, and surgery have been performed for the treatment of bowel-related complications from a VP shunt device [5,6]. We report cases of a 79-year-old female and a 49-year-old male with colonic perforations due to migrated VP shunts that were successfully treated by the colonoscopic removal of the migrated distal catheter and hemoclipping of the perforated colonic wall, Colonic perforation as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: two case reports with a literature review
{"title":"Colonic perforation as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: two case reports with a literature review","authors":"Hyeon Gu Kang, Kyu Yong Cho, J. Mun, L. S. Lee","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2022.00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2022.00143","url":null,"abstract":"A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a commonly performed treatment modality for hydrocephalus. The VP shunt-related complications include infection (peritonitis, ventriculitis, and meningitis), obstruction, migration, and perforation of the intestine [1,2]. Shunt devices have a high incidence of malfunction mainly due to catheter obstruction or infection and are associated with various complications, 25% of which are abdominal complications [3]. Spontaneous bowel perforation is a rare complication with an incidence of 0.01% to 0.07% in VP shunt procedures, occurring at any time, including a few weeks to several years after the placement of the VP shunt device [4]. Treatment must be individualized and depends upon the clinical presentation. Conservative management, endoscopy, and surgery have been performed for the treatment of bowel-related complications from a VP shunt device [5,6]. We report cases of a 79-year-old female and a 49-year-old male with colonic perforations due to migrated VP shunts that were successfully treated by the colonoscopic removal of the migrated distal catheter and hemoclipping of the perforated colonic wall, Colonic perforation as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: two case reports with a literature review","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133921595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00129
E. Koh, Ha-young Choi, Jung-soo Park
fistulas to improvement 15.5 Seven by transfemoral angiography magnetic resonance Three fistulas in the a larger patient group and longer follow-up duration, GKRS can be considered a definitive treatment modality for any type of CCF, not only an adjuvant modality.
{"title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas: a preliminary report","authors":"E. Koh, Ha-young Choi, Jung-soo Park","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00129","url":null,"abstract":"fistulas to improvement 15.5 Seven by transfemoral angiography magnetic resonance Three fistulas in the a larger patient group and longer follow-up duration, GKRS can be considered a definitive treatment modality for any type of CCF, not only an adjuvant modality.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132335352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00087
Kawngwoo Park, Seong Son, Sang Gu Lee, E. K. Cho, H. Ahn, I. Park, S. Sym, Young Saing Kim
{"title":"An updated algorithm for the treatment of spinal metastasis","authors":"Kawngwoo Park, Seong Son, Sang Gu Lee, E. K. Cho, H. Ahn, I. Park, S. Sym, Young Saing Kim","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129657187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00067
Yuwhan Chung, C. Park, S. Choi, Y. Lim
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Long-term follow-up study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations with diffuse-type nidi
{"title":"Long-term follow-up study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations with diffuse-type nidi","authors":"Yuwhan Chung, C. Park, S. Choi, Y. Lim","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00067","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Long-term follow-up study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations with diffuse-type nidi","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134021572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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