Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00080
Sanghoon Kim, Ki Hong Kim
Navigation refers to a device that indicates the location of an individual and the direction where the individual wants to go. Neuronavigation is the application of navigation to neurosurgery, as information on the location of the lesion and the direction to safely approach the lesion is necessary to improve the surgical outcome. Neuronavigation systems have continued to advance in accuracy and convenience and are now standardized and essential. Neuronavigation provides information on the precise localization and delineation of lesions during surgery using registered images. Such devices are most useful in brain tumor surgery and used in almost all neurosurgical operations. However, since preoperative images are used, neuronavigation does not consider real-time information, and errors may occur during or after the registration step [1,2]. Moreover, if surgeons rely too much on neuronavigation and lack understanding of the system’s principles and errors, surgery may become more difficult. There are two systems of neuronavigation: frame-based system and frameless system. We describe the principles, methods of use, pitfalls, and errors of the widely used frameless neuronavigation system.
{"title":"How to use neuronavigation for the brain","authors":"Sanghoon Kim, Ki Hong Kim","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00080","url":null,"abstract":"Navigation refers to a device that indicates the location of an individual and the direction where the individual wants to go. Neuronavigation is the application of navigation to neurosurgery, as information on the location of the lesion and the direction to safely approach the lesion is necessary to improve the surgical outcome. Neuronavigation systems have continued to advance in accuracy and convenience and are now standardized and essential. Neuronavigation provides information on the precise localization and delineation of lesions during surgery using registered images. Such devices are most useful in brain tumor surgery and used in almost all neurosurgical operations. However, since preoperative images are used, neuronavigation does not consider real-time information, and errors may occur during or after the registration step [1,2]. Moreover, if surgeons rely too much on neuronavigation and lack understanding of the system’s principles and errors, surgery may become more difficult. There are two systems of neuronavigation: frame-based system and frameless system. We describe the principles, methods of use, pitfalls, and errors of the widely used frameless neuronavigation system.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124110051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00115
J. Jang, Yong-sook Park
{"title":"New antiepileptic drugs: usage, adverse effects, and interactions","authors":"J. Jang, Yong-sook Park","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123652668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00108
B. Jung, Sang-Ku Park, K. Cho, Kwan Park
{"title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with young-onset hemifacial spasm: a retrospective analysis of 151 cases","authors":"B. Jung, Sang-Ku Park, K. Cho, Kwan Park","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128388860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00073
Moonyoung Chung
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical option for medically intractable movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and tremor [1]. Proper diagnosis, timing of surgery and precise targeting are important factors for good clinical outcome of DBS. Unlike other surgery, clinical course of the DBS is not only determined by operation itself, but also by how electrical stimulations are performed after the operation [2-4]. In this review, DBS programming indicates adjusting parameters of electrical stimulation of DBS. Adjustment of DBS parameter is only a modifiable factor affecting clinical outcome of DBS [2,4]. However, many clinicians have difficulties in adjusting DBS parameters. This is because DBS parameters are not adjusted in clinical term, but have to be controlled in electrical or electrophysiological language [5]. Furthermore, mechanism of action how DBS improves symptoms of movement disorders is yet to be elucidated [6,7]. Therefore, most clinicians manage their patients who underwent DBS by personal experiences or anecdotal evidences rather than by understanding mechanisms of actions [4]. It is important to understand the mechanism of DBS not only because of the desire to know, but also because of future development of neuromodulation. In the future, DBS is highly likely to be developed as a surgical treatment for several functional brain disorders, such as pain, obsessive compulsive disorder, memory impairment, addiction, and depression [7]. If more complex brain network modulation is attempted without clearing up the confusion about the effect of DBS, there is a possibility that it will only increase confusion about why DBS is effective for these diseases. Received: July 28, 2021 Revised: August 27, 2021 Accepted: August 30, 2021
{"title":"Theoretical considerations of deep brain stimulation programming","authors":"Moonyoung Chung","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00073","url":null,"abstract":"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical option for medically intractable movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and tremor [1]. Proper diagnosis, timing of surgery and precise targeting are important factors for good clinical outcome of DBS. Unlike other surgery, clinical course of the DBS is not only determined by operation itself, but also by how electrical stimulations are performed after the operation [2-4]. In this review, DBS programming indicates adjusting parameters of electrical stimulation of DBS. Adjustment of DBS parameter is only a modifiable factor affecting clinical outcome of DBS [2,4]. However, many clinicians have difficulties in adjusting DBS parameters. This is because DBS parameters are not adjusted in clinical term, but have to be controlled in electrical or electrophysiological language [5]. Furthermore, mechanism of action how DBS improves symptoms of movement disorders is yet to be elucidated [6,7]. Therefore, most clinicians manage their patients who underwent DBS by personal experiences or anecdotal evidences rather than by understanding mechanisms of actions [4]. It is important to understand the mechanism of DBS not only because of the desire to know, but also because of future development of neuromodulation. In the future, DBS is highly likely to be developed as a surgical treatment for several functional brain disorders, such as pain, obsessive compulsive disorder, memory impairment, addiction, and depression [7]. If more complex brain network modulation is attempted without clearing up the confusion about the effect of DBS, there is a possibility that it will only increase confusion about why DBS is effective for these diseases. Received: July 28, 2021 Revised: August 27, 2021 Accepted: August 30, 2021","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00101
Jinkyung Kim, Yongchul Park, W. Namgung, Sunkyung Oh
to resolve epidemics. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, millions of people have suffered from this viral disease. Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, neurological symptoms have appeared in many patients. The symptoms and sequelae of nervous system invasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, must be thoroughly investigated and dealt with. Although no studies have analyzed the effects of the Spanish influenza on the nervous system, research has been conducted on nervous system involvement in previous outbreaks of coronaviruses, including SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The route of virus invasion, the mechanism of damage to the nervous system, the occurrence of symptoms, and sequelae have been studied. SARS-CoV-2 invades the nervous system in a similar way and causes symptoms. Several research papers on this topic are reviewed herein.
{"title":"A review of neurosurgical manifestations related to COVID-19","authors":"Jinkyung Kim, Yongchul Park, W. Namgung, Sunkyung Oh","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00101","url":null,"abstract":"to resolve epidemics. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, millions of people have suffered from this viral disease. Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, neurological symptoms have appeared in many patients. The symptoms and sequelae of nervous system invasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, must be thoroughly investigated and dealt with. Although no studies have analyzed the effects of the Spanish influenza on the nervous system, research has been conducted on nervous system involvement in previous outbreaks of coronaviruses, including SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The route of virus invasion, the mechanism of damage to the nervous system, the occurrence of symptoms, and sequelae have been studied. SARS-CoV-2 invades the nervous system in a similar way and causes symptoms. Several research papers on this topic are reviewed herein.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00039
J. Jang, Yong-sook Park
{"title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord: a case report and literature review","authors":"J. Jang, Yong-sook Park","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124049186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00060
S. Park, I. Shin
Intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) are uncommon, with an incidence of 0.1– 0.8% of all intracranial tumors [1,2]. Most are typically observed as congenital diseases in children and are due to remaining ectodermal tissues from the disruption of neural tube closure [1]. Although acquired epidermoid cysts rarely occur, trauma can lead to implantation of epidermal cells in the intracranial space [3]. Herein, we present a case in which trauma led to a large epidermoid cyst in the posterior fossa, causing cortical dysfunction, and where surgical resection improved symptoms.
{"title":"Post-traumatic calcified epidermoid cyst in the posterior fossa: a case report","authors":"S. Park, I. Shin","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00060","url":null,"abstract":"Intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) are uncommon, with an incidence of 0.1– 0.8% of all intracranial tumors [1,2]. Most are typically observed as congenital diseases in children and are due to remaining ectodermal tissues from the disruption of neural tube closure [1]. Although acquired epidermoid cysts rarely occur, trauma can lead to implantation of epidermal cells in the intracranial space [3]. Herein, we present a case in which trauma led to a large epidermoid cyst in the posterior fossa, causing cortical dysfunction, and where surgical resection improved symptoms.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124145933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00094
H. Cho, Junghoon Han, Jung-Il Lee
{"title":"Exponential growth of an asymptomatic meningioma responsive to fractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery","authors":"H. Cho, Junghoon Han, Jung-Il Lee","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122536206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00046
In-Ho Jung, Jun Yong Kim, S. Park, W. Chang
{"title":"Consecutively occurring radiation-induced meningiomas with various pathologic diagnoses: a case report","authors":"In-Ho Jung, Jun Yong Kim, S. Park, W. Chang","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128762549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.52662/jksfn.2021.00052
Sang Don Kim
Image-guided navigation systems have been used in spinal surgery since the 1990s, and the technology of these systems continues to advance with artificial intelligence, virtual reality, extended reality, and robotic research. The basic components of these systems and procedures are described in this article, including preoperative preparation, the operating room setting, registration, and intraoperative procedures. An understanding of this information not only provides the ability to use these navigation systems, but also sheds light on the fundamental principles for future device development.
{"title":"Spinal surgery using image-guided navigation systems: a technical note","authors":"Sang Don Kim","doi":"10.52662/jksfn.2021.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52662/jksfn.2021.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Image-guided navigation systems have been used in spinal surgery since the 1990s, and the technology of these systems continues to advance with artificial intelligence, virtual reality, extended reality, and robotic research. The basic components of these systems and procedures are described in this article, including preoperative preparation, the operating room setting, registration, and intraoperative procedures. An understanding of this information not only provides the ability to use these navigation systems, but also sheds light on the fundamental principles for future device development.","PeriodicalId":193825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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