Nutrition and Metabolic Insights最新文献

Fruit wastes are becoming popular as treasures for drug discovery in different classes of therapeutics. This research aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and potential bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiarrheal properties of commonly available mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peel through experimental and computational techniques. Extensive chromatographic and ¹H-NMR spectroscopic analysis was employed to isolate four purified compounds, which were characterized as tangeretin (A), nobiletin (B), limonin (C), and β-sitosterol (D). Furthermore, GC-MS/MS analysis detected over 90 compounds with a notable number of polymethoxyflavones, including nobiletin (29.04%), tangeretin (15.55%), artemetin (8.1%), 6-demethoxytangeretin (1.28%), sinensetin (0.95%), demethylnobiletin (0.14%), pebrellin (0.10%), and salvigenin (0.04%). Dichloromethane soluble fraction (DCMSF) exerted the highest antimicrobial potency Candia albicans against (20 mm zone of inhibition) in the disk diffusion assay method. The aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) exhibited 34.71% and 48.14% inhibition in hypotonic solution-induced and heat-induced hemolysis in the membrane stabilizing assay. Similarly, the AQSF exhibited the highest anti-thrombotic property with 32.57% clot lysis. The investigated 3 doses of the methanolic extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) exerted statistically significant in vivo central analgesic effects in a tail-flicking method in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, all the doses exhibited significant efficacy in inhibiting acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and castor oil-induced diarrheal episodes in mouse models. The molecular docking studies corroborated the existing in vitro and in vivo findings by demonstrating better or comparable binding affinities toward the respective receptors and favorable pharmacokinetic properties and toxicological profiles. The present findings indicate that C. reticulata is a rich source of polymethoxyflavones, demonstrating potential efficacy against microbial infections, thrombosis, inflammation, pain, and diarrhea. Nonetheless, comprehensive phytochemical screening is imperative to identify additional bioactive compounds and evaluate their pharmacological effects against several chronic health conditions, grounded in their traditional uses and current evidence.

Background: With the growing accessibility of the internet, dietary assessment tools, including food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), are increasingly being adapted for web platforms. A web-based FFQ was developed as a dietary assessment tool for healthy adults in Iran.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an online FFQ for dietary data collection among Iranian adults and to compare its performance with the validated Iranian printed FFQ.

Methods: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to complete both the printed and web-based FFQs. The type of FFQ alternated for each participant after 10 days. The agreement between the two FFQs was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and correlation analysis.

Results: Of the 190 participants, final analyses were conducted on 141 individuals, including 70 females (49.6%) and 71 males (50.4%) who completed both FFQs. Agreement was high for all nutrient intakes (r > .8). Among food groups, "Whole grains" showed the highest correlation (r = .84), while "Potato" had the lowest (r = .25). There were no significant differences in the time taken to complete the questionnaires.

Conclusion: The web-based FFQ demonstrated strong agreement with the validated printed FFQ, accurately reflecting nutrient and food group intakes in Iranian adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/11786388241297143.].

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the existence of metabolic profile risk factors and impaired glycemic status such as dysglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Several studies demonstrated that a diet that promotes proper nutritional intake; plays a critical role in the prevention and control of MetS. Our goal for conducting this cross-sectional study was to investigate any potential relationships between the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and cardiometabolic risk variables within obese individuals. individuals.

Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 338 seemingly healthy participants who were overweight or obese were enrolled. The assessment of dietary consumption was conducted through a validated questionnaire comprising 168 items Then NAR was calculated for all ten vitamins and six minerals. Biochemical variables are measured by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), QUICKI (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index), and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) were calculated using the suggested formulas.

Results: Subjects in the upper NAR tertiles exhibited a significantly higher percentage of fat-free mass (P = .002), appetite (P = .002), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (P = .002). In addition, Participants in the upper tertiles of NAR consumed a greater amount of energy and all vitamins and minerals included in NAR and meat, fish and poultry (MFP) (P < .001) as well as cholesterol, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (P < .05). Furthermore, no association was shown between NAR and metabolic profile and glycemic status.

Conclusion: According to our findings, a higher nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was associated with higher fat-free mass but no significant link between NAR and metabolic profile risk factors was observed.

University students are often exposed to various stressors related to academic demands, which increases their susceptibility to psychological distress. Intake of omega-3 fatty acid (N-3 FA) has been found to be negatively correlated with both depression and eating disorder symptoms in non-Saudi individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the following among female undergraduate students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: (1) prevalence of psychological distress and binge eating disorder (BED); (2) Association between intake of N-3 FA sources and psychological distress; (3) Association between intake of N-3 FA sources and BED. This is a cross-sectional study including 149 female students enrolled in King Abdulaziz University. Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of previously validated questions that evaluate psychological distress (Kessler 10), BED (Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale), and N-3 FA intake. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe psychological distress was 21.5%, 28.9%, and 28.20%, respectively. The prevalence of BED was 3.40%. Participants who consumed fish at least once per week for 6 months had significantly lower odds of moderate or severe psychological distress (odds ratio (OR): 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.86, P-value: .02). We did not detect significant associations between intake of N-3 FA sources and BED. Prevalence of psychological distress was higher what has been previously reported in other studies. However, prevalence of BED in our Saudi sample was lower than what has been previously found in other samples. Intake of N-3 FA from fish sources might be associated with lower odds of psychological distress but not with BED. Future studies are needed in order to further establish the need for developing educational programs to enhance N-3 FA intake for promoting mental wellbeing particularly among female young adults.

Background: Although a palaeolithic diet promotes healthier food choices that aid in weight management and reduce cardiovascular risks, its effectiveness in endurance sports is still debated due to its typically low carbohydrate content.

Objective: This study examined the impact of a 6-week palaeolithic diet (PD-G) versus a mixed diet (MD-G), both paired with Sprint interval training (SIT), on various metabolic and performance-related parameters.

Methods: Body composition, time trial (TT) performance (covered distance during a 60-minute run on a 400-metre track) and changes in metabolic (respiratory exchange ratio [RER], substrate oxidation rates) and performance-related (time at ventilatory threshold [VT] and respiratory compensation point [RCP], maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O_2max) and time to exhaustion [TTE]) parameters during a ramp incremental running test were assessed in 14 male endurance athletes. Additionally, Gastrointestinal Quality of Life index (GLQI) and perceptual responses to the diets [visual analogue scale (VAS)] were measured.

Results: After 6 weeks, both groups improved in TTE and distance covered in the 60-minute TT, without significant group differences. In the PD-G body weight, fat mass and systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased. At rest, RER and carbohydrate oxidation significantly decreased in the PD-G, with a tendency towards significance during exercise, while changes in fat oxidation rates were not statistically significant at rest and throughout the exercise test; in contrast, the MD-G exhibited smaller changes across these parameters.

Conclusion: In this investigation, a palaeolithic diet in combination with SIT appeared to have positive effects on fat mass, blood pressure and substrate utilization under resting conditions in a group of male endurance athletes. However, based on the current findings for performance metrics, a palaeolithic diet cannot be recommended unreservedly for healthy endurance athletes.

Introduction: Any alteration in nutritional status can compromise the progression of breast cancer, as well as the tolerance and efficacy of chemotherapy. The aims of our study were to assess the nutritional status of breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and to identify nutritional factors that may exacerbate chemo-induced digestive toxicity.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted within the medical oncology department of the National Institute of Salah Azaiez. A Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was used to evaluate the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Nutritional status was assessed using 2 methods; body composition evaluation utilising the TANITA BC 601 impedance metre and High authority of health (HAS) criteria of malnutrition. Digestive effects were assessed with World Health Organization (WHO) grades ranging from 0 to 4. High grades 3 and 4 signified toxic grades.

Results: We enrolled 107 adult women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing the same chemotherapy protocol. The participants had an average age of 52.56 ± 9.75 years and an average BMI of 29.85 ± 5.72 kg/m² with 78.5% classified as overweight. Malnutrition was observed in 41% of patients, while sarcopenia was present in 12%. Chemotherapy-related adverse effects were predominantly constipation (80%), diarrhea (73%), nausea (70%) and vomiting (63.4%) with one-third experiencing high-grade toxicity. Strong adherence to Mediterranean Diet was observed in 48.6% of cases and higher MDS scores were inversely correlated with the severity of nausea (P = .01) and constipation (P = .02). Malnutrition was significantly associated with all digestive toxicities except with constipation. Sarcopenia was associated only with vomiting (P = .005).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and digestive toxicity, justifying early nutritional treatment to improve the tolerance and efficacy of chemotherapy.

Increasing dietary intake of fish oil is frequently recommended for decreasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases and improving metabolic health. We hypothesised that dietary intake of chromista oil (a marine food product and a rich source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) ameliorates metabolic impairments in mice with established excess adiposity. Three-to 4-week-old mice (male) were fed a control (n = 12) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 24) for 12 weeks to establish body fat mass. Then, mice on the HFD were assigned to 2 groups (n = 12 each) with 1 continuing being fed the HFD and the other fed the HFD with chromista oil for an additional 12 weeks. Intake of chromista oil did not affect body weight and body adiposity of the mice fed the HFD; mice fed the HFD had significantly more body weight and fat mass than control mice. The flattened daily oscillations of respiratory exchange ratio induced by the HFD were not changed by chromista oil intake. Intake of chromista oil significantly increased plasma concentration of insulin, the calculated value of HOMA-IR, and plasma concentration of adiponectin in the mice fed the HFD. However, blood glucose was unaffected by chromista oil. Transcription of genes encoding circadian rhythm and fatty acid metabolism of the 2 HFD-fed groups were similar. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that intake of chromista oil altered the hepatic metabolomic profile with substantial alterations in amino acid metabolism. Findings from this study indicate that dietary intake of chromista oil does not improve glucose homeostasis or alter the diminished metabolic flexibility in mice with excess adiposity induced by the HFD. argeted metabolomic analysis is warranted to investigate the effects of dietary chromista oil, as a source of n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids, on metabolism in models of obesity.

Background: This study investigates the association between dietary flavonoid intake and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a matched case-control design.

Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, comparing the intake of flavonoids between individuals with MCI and those with normal cognitive function. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the correlation between dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of MCI. Additionally, blood concentrations of S100β, a marker of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and blood S100β levels.

Results: Compared to participants with normal cognition, those with MCI had significantly lower dietary intakes of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, flavonols, and anthocyanidins, while the intake of peonidin was significantly higher. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high dietary intake of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavonols was negatively correlated with MCI, whereas peonidin intake was positively correlated with MCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed these findings. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between dietary intake of kaempferol and myricetin and blood S100β levels.

Conclusion: Increasing the dietary intake of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and flavonols appears to be a protective factor against MCI, while higher intake of peonidin is associated with an increased risk of MCI. The protective or adverse effects of these flavonoids may not be related to the permeability of the BBB. Myricetin and kaempferol intake may protect cognitive function by maintaining BBB integrity.