Nutrition and Metabolic Insights最新文献

Objective: The study was aimed at assessing the self-care practices and the associated socio-demographic variables of persons with T2DM in South East, Nigeria.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 382 persons with T2DM proportionately selected from 4 tertiary health institutions in South Eastern, Nigeria. Data was collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) and a researcher-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to persons with T2DM who attended a diabetic outpatient clinic. Data collected was analyzed in frequency percentage. Responses on SDSCA were ranked and rated as poor, moderate, and good self-care behavior. The level of significance was placed at P < .05.

Result: The majority of the participants were within the age groups of 40 to 59 (46.9%) and 60 and above (46.9%); the majority (74.6%) were married while a good proportion were traders (59.7%). Also, the majority of participants (81.2%) were on oral hypoglycemic agents. Findings further showed that a good proportion (51.3% and 89.8%) of study participants had good self-care behavior in diet and medication domains respectively. Whereas the proportion of participants with poor self-care behavior was very high in foot care (75.1%) and fairly high in both self-blood sugar testing (37.7%) and exercise (37.2%) domains. Only 7.9% practiced 3-monthly laboratory blood glucose testing while 16.5% went for eye checks every 6 months.

Conclusion: Individuals with diabetes mellitus have poor self-management behavior in most domains of the self-management practice. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, and occupation significantly influenced self-management practices. Hence nurses and health educators should take diabetes self-management education very seriously to help diabetes sufferers improve their self-management behavior.

Iron and folic Acid (IFA) supplementation is an effective intervention for reducing the incidence of anaemia during pregnancy. The WHO recommends at least 6 months intake of IFA to pregnant women. However, in Ghana some women experience challenges with adhering to IFA supplementation. The main objective of the study was to assess the level of adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation and its associated factors among pregnant women in a peri-urban municipality in Northern Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2021 among 400 pregnant women who attended ANC in Sagnarigu municipality in Ghana and were selected through a 3-stage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, univariate and binary logistic regression statistical tools. Self-reported level of adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation was 84.5%. Knowledge of iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 0.08: 021, 0.343) was associated with adherence. Three other factors: time of first antenatal visit (AOR = 0.32: 0.153, 0.649) having history of anaemia [AOR = 2.67: 1.373, 5.201] having side effects of IFA [AOR = 3.70, CI: (1.756, 7.793)], and having knowledge of management of side effects of iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 0.08: 021, 0.343) were found to be significantly associated with adherence. Adherence to iron and folic supplementation among the pregnant women was generally frequent. Strategies to increase iron and folic acid supplementation adherence among pregnant women could focus on encouraging pregnant women to have early ANC visits and educating them on how to manage side effects.

Objective: The reported hypocalcemia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who received Denosumab was low (0.05%-1.7% to 7.4%). The major prediction factors were vitamin D and calcium levels and renal function. The objective is to evaluate the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients with osteoporosis, normal renal function, and vitamin D who received Denosumab.

Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the medical records (2022-2023). We looked for hypocalcemia (albumin-adjusted calcium lower than 2.2 mmol/L).

Results: Two hundred one postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis and received denosumab treatment were included. All patients received vitamin D3 capsules and calcium supplementation. The mean age of the patient was 75.7 ± 7.0 years (56-91 years). Hypocalcemia was observed in 46 (23%) patients following a subcutaneous dose of Denosumab 60 mg. Median calcium was 2.25 mmol/L (minimum: 0.890 mmol/L, maximum: 2.6 mmol/L). Fourteen (30.4%) patients had severe hypocalcemia (<1.8 mmol/L) and required parenteral correction. A comparison between hypocalcemia and patients with normal calcium indicated that the significant predictor of hypocalcemia was pretreatment parathyroid hormone levels (9.9 ± 11.8vs 7.6 ± 2.56 pmol/L, respectively; P < .005). The prognostic role of parathyroid hormone for the denosumab-associated hypocalcemia was assessed using ROC curve analysis. For the cut-off value of Parathyroid hormone = 6.8 pmol/L, giving serum parathyroid measurement an AUC of 0.668 (0.599-0.737) - P = .0007; sensitivity 85%; specificity 52%.

Conclusion: Hypocalcemia induced by the denosumab treatment is more prevalent than previously shown in patients with osteoporosis receiving adequate calcium and vitamin D supplements. An elevated parathyroid hormone predicts hypocalcemia related to denosumab therapy in patients with normal calcium and vitamin D levels.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological efficacy of 3 functional foods (Water spinach, Wood apple, and Linseed) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat models.

Methods: Twenty-five Wistar Albino rats (male and female) were equally classified into 5 groups. Except for the normal control (NC) group, the animals received 2.5 mg/kg doxorubicin (DOX) intra-peritoneal injection at 48 hours intervals to create a dose of 15 mg/kg overall for 14 days. Simply a standard diet was given to the NC and DOX groups. In the 3 treatment groups such as water spinach (DOX + WS), wood apple (DOX + WA), and linseed (DOX + LS), rats were given 14 gm/day/rat fried water spinach, mashed wood apple, roasted linseed, respectively mixed with regular rat diet at 1:1 ratio. Blood and heart samples were collected by sacrificing all the rats on the last of the experiment day (the 15^th day). LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase myocardial band), MDA (malondialdehyde), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were analyzed. Additionally, histopathological analysis was conducted for final observation.

Results: The functional foods were indicated to lower the serum cardiac biomarkers (LDH and CK-MB) as well as stress marker (MDA) significantly (P < .05) and improved heart function and oxidative stress. However, the change in serum SOD level was noted as statistically insignificant (P > .05). The biochemical outcomes of the food intervention groups were supported by the histological findings found in those groups.

Conclusion: Consuming the investigated foods containing antioxidant phytochemicals may combat cardiac toxicity and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, thorough investigations and clinical monitoring are required to understand these functional foods' mechanism of action and dose-response effects in treating cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Mangifera indica (mango) on dental caries. The entire plant, including the leaves, fruit, roots, and flowers, has various therapeutic characteristics used for centuries to cure various illnesses. This systematic review aimed to identify an inexpensive, simple, and effective method of preventing and controlling dental caries. The search was performed among the studies written in English, the database of abstracts concentrating on the effects of Mangifera indica (Mango) on dental caries detected in Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Central. In total, we find 37 articles. The relevant English language articles published up to August 2022 were collected, screened, and reviewed. Search words contained "Mangifera indica" and "dental caries" or "Streptococcus mutans" or "tooth demineralization." For our systematic review analysis, we included 3 randomized controlled trial studies studying a total of 130 people, of whom 110 were children aged 8 to 14 and 20 were adults aged 20 to 25. These experiments all employed mouthwash containing an extract from Mangifera indica. In conclusion, it has been proven in 2 separate studies that saliva's PH will increase significantly. In addition, a reduction of S. mutants has been observed in another research. Overall, it was concluded that mango extract mouthwash is highly effective in decreasing the bacteria that can cause dental caries. however, we firmly believe that conduction of more detailed in vivo studies regarding Mangifera indica implications in dental caries treatment is essentially needed for further confirmation.

Background: Poor dietary diversity and undernutrition is a major public health concern for pregnant mothers. Optimal dietary diversity is essential during pregnancy since nutritional deficiencies may have a significant impact on both the mother's and the fetus's health. Pregnant women in Ambo district had inadequate dietary diversity and were undernourished, but their status during the first trimester of pregnancy was not known. As a result, the objective of this research was to assess the dietary diversity, nutritional status, and associated factors among pregnant women in the Ambo district.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design and a multi-stage sampling technique were used among 750 pregnant women. Data was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire. The Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance questionnaire was modified to collect data on dietary diversity. The nutritional status of pregnant women was assessed by measuring the mid-upper arm circumference. First, descriptive statistics like mean, Standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used, then bivariable and, finally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of the predictors with the outcome variable.

Result: The study revealed that 73.6% and 23.9% of pregnant women had low dietary diversity and were undernourished, respectively. Being in food secured household (AOR = 4.44, 95% CI: 2.14-9.15), having good knowledge (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 2.10-5.23) and favorable attitude toward nutrition and health (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.10-2.66) were significantly associated with dietary diversity, whereas household size (having 1-3 household members AOR = 6.59, 95% CI: 2.53-17.21, having 4-5 household members AOR = 5.62, 95% CI: 3.15-9.99), being in food secured household (AOR = 5.64, 95% CI: 2.79-11.38), having high dietary diversity (AOR = 8.49, 95% CI: 2.47-29.23), and having optimal practice on nutrition and health (AOR = 6.85, 95% CI: 3.23-14.55) were significantly associated with undernutrition (P < .05).

Conclusions: The current study revealed that pregnant women in the study area had inadequate dietary diversity practices and a high prevalence of undernutrition. Knowledge and attitude, and households' food security status were the predictors of dietary diversity, while household size, household food security status, dietary diversity and nutrition and health practice were predictors of undernutrition. Hence, behavior change communication needs to be designed to improve the dietary diversity and nutritional status of pregnant women.

Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease, which requires a level of confidence among the sufferers in its management. This study investigated the effect of an educational intervention program on self-efficacy (SE) in diabetic individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-East, Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental controlled study, comprising 382 individuals with type 2 DM selected, and assigned to intervention (IG) and control groups (CG). The instrument for data collection was the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (SCDS). Pretest data were collected, and thereafter education on diabetes management was given to the IG group. The IG was followed up for 6 months. At the end of 6 months, post-test data were collected using the same instrument. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test statistics. A P-value less than .05 alpha level was considered significant.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before intervention. However, after 6 months of intervention, a significant proportion of participants' scores in IG moved from low to either moderate, or high SE in almost all the SE domains (P < .05.

Conclusions: There was an improvement in most domains of self-efficacy in the intervention group after 6 months of educational intervention.

Background: Under nutrition among pregnant women is common public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. It leads to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite its consequences there is shortage of research evidence to support intervention in this regard in the southern part of the country. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the determinates of under nutrition among pregnant women visiting antenatal care clinics at selected health facilities in Hawassa town.

Methods: Health facility based cross-sectional study was employed among 454 systematically selected study participants. Data were collected by using structured and pre-tested questionnaires with face to face interview. Data were entered into Epi info and then exported to SPSS version 26 statistical software for analysis. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression.

Result: The over all of prevalence of under nutrition among pregnant women was 27.6% [95% CI (22.6, 30.8)]. In multivariate logistic regression model, lowest wealth quintile [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI (1.7, 7.0)], women with dietary diversity [AOR = 2.0, 95% CI (1.3, 4.0)], presence of anemia [AOR = 10.7, 95% CI (5.8,19.8)], lower pregnant women education level [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI (1.4, 7.9)], lower partner education level [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI (1.1, 8.5)], not ate flush/meat food [AOR = 2.8, 95% CI (1.7, 4.8)], and not ate other fruits [AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.1, 2.8)] had significant association with under nutrition.

Conclusion: In this health facility based study, the burden of under nutrition was high. Lowest wealth quintiles, low dietary diversity scores, being anemic and low education of the pregnant women and her partner were associated with under nutrition. Therefore, counseling for dietary diversity during antenatal care, health promotion and education for pregnant women and empowering women on income generation activities are a key intervention to tackle under nutrition.

Background: Males are more likely than females to suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD). So, sex hormones may modify these variations and affect the lipid profile. We examined the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and CVD risk factors among young males in this study.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we measured total testosterone, SHBG, lipids, glucose, insulin, antioxidant parameters, and anthropometric factors in 48 young males in the age range of 18 to 40 years. Atherogenic indices of plasma were calculated. In this study, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between SHBG and other variables after adjustment for confounders.

Results: According to the results of multivariable analyses adjusted for age and energy, SHBG had a negative correlation with total cholesterol (r = -.454, P =.010), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -.496, P =.005), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = .463, P =.009). No significant correlation was observed between SHBG and triglycerides (P >.05). Several atherogenic indices of plasma have a negative correlation with SHBG levels. These include Atherogenic Index of Plasma (r = -.474, P = .006), Castelli Risk Index (CRI)1 (r = -.581, P < .001), CRI2 (r = -.564, P = .001), and Atherogenic Coefficient (r = -.581, P < .001).

Conclusion: Among young men, high plasma SHBG was associated with reduced CVD risk factors, modified lipid profile and atherogenic ratios, and better glycemic markers. Therefore, reduced SHBG concentrations could be a prognostic marker of CVD among young sedentary males.

The use of synthetic drugs has increased in recent years; however, herbal medicine is yet more trusted among a huge population worldwide; This could be due to minimal side effects, affordable prices, and traditional beliefs. Lemongrass (Melissa officinalis) has been widely used for reducing stress and anxiety, increasing appetite and sleep, reducing pain, healing wounds, and treating poisonous insect bites and bee stings for a long time. Today, research has shown that this plant can also fight viruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) through various mechanisms such as inhibiting HSV-1 from binding to host cell, inhibiting HSV-1 replication during the post-adsorption or inhibiting main protease and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, furthermore, be effective in treating related diseases. This Review investigated the antiviral properties of Melissa officinalis and its effect on viral diseases. More in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to determine Melissa officinaliss underlying mechanism, and more randomized controlled trials should be done to identify its effect in humans. Also, due to the usefulness and lack of side effects, it can be used more as a complementary medicine.