Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4019
E. P. Irikefe-ekeke, A. !. Amata, O. Obakanurhe, L. I. Bratte, M. M. Adimabua, S. O. Ade, J. Onwumelu
Sixty three (63) growing rabbits at twelve weeks old (composite breeds), with a mean weight of 1280+ 58g was used for this experiment, and were assigned to 7 dietary treatments, with 3 replicates of 3 rabbits per replicate. Rabbit weight and feed consumption were recorded weekly for eight weeks to calculate weight gain and feed conversion. The experimental diets was formulated using the following levels of inclusions in brewers dry grains (containing 4.38g/kg of chromium) and chromium chloride, accordingly, as the organic and inorganic sources: 0.0g of chromium for the control, 0.02g/kg of organic and inorganic chromium, 0.04g/kg of organic and inorganic chromium, 0.06g/kg of organic and inorganic chromium, and 0.06g/kg of total chromium. Metabolic trials, carcass evaluation and nutrient digestibility was carried out to determine the effect of adding chromium on the carcass qualities of the rabbits. All Data collected during this study were subjected to analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were significant (P>0.05) differences in final body weights, weight gain and feed intake among treatments means, with treatment 4 been significantly (P>0.05) higher than the other treatments, with treatments 3 and 7 having the lowest values. For weight gain, the results recorded in the final weight gain followed a similar trend with treatments 4 and 6 having a significantly (P>0.05) higher values recorded, with treatment 7 recording the lowest value. Treatments 4 and 6 showed better feed conversion ratio with values of 9.57 and 9.81 across the dietary treatments. Treatment 6 recorded significantly higher values for crude fibre, ash (mineral) and ether extract digestibility in all the experimental treatments. The carcass weight value in treatment 6 (642.32g) was significantly (P<0.05) better than the other treatments with treatment 7 showing the least value of 574.63g. The pre slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, showed that treatment 6 mean values was better compared to treatment 1, 3, and 4 respectively, This study has demonstrated that although the various levels of chromium inclusion had a substantial impact on the numerous parameters examined, organic chromium inclusion, particularly at concentrations of 0.04g/kg (T4) and 0.06g/kg (T6), had a higher impact. Soixante-trois (63) lapins en croissance âgés de douze semaines (races composites), d'un poids moyen de 1280+ 58g, ont été utilisés pour cette expérience et ont été affectés à 7 traitements alimentaires, avec 3 répétitions de 3 lapins par répétition. Le poids et la consommation alimentaire des lapins ont été enregistrés chaque semaine pendant huit semaines afin de calculer le gain de poids et la conversion alimentaire. Les régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés en utilisant les niveaux suivants d'inclusions dans les grains secs de brasserie (contenant 4,38 g/kg de chrome) et le chlorure de chrome, en conséquence, comme sources organ
{"title":"Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristic of growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with organic and inorganic chromium","authors":"E. P. Irikefe-ekeke, A. !. Amata, O. Obakanurhe, L. I. Bratte, M. M. Adimabua, S. O. Ade, J. Onwumelu","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4019","url":null,"abstract":"Sixty three (63) growing rabbits at twelve weeks old (composite breeds), with a mean weight of 1280+ 58g was used for this experiment, and were assigned to 7 dietary treatments, with 3 replicates of 3 rabbits per replicate. Rabbit weight and feed consumption were recorded weekly for eight weeks to calculate weight gain and feed conversion. The experimental diets was formulated using the following levels of inclusions in brewers dry grains (containing 4.38g/kg of chromium) and chromium chloride, accordingly, as the organic and inorganic sources: 0.0g of chromium for the control, 0.02g/kg of organic and inorganic chromium, 0.04g/kg of organic and inorganic chromium, 0.06g/kg of organic and inorganic chromium, and 0.06g/kg of total chromium. Metabolic trials, carcass evaluation and nutrient digestibility was carried out to determine the effect of adding chromium on the carcass qualities of the rabbits. All Data collected during this study were subjected to analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were significant (P>0.05) differences in final body weights, weight gain and feed intake among treatments means, with treatment 4 been significantly (P>0.05) higher than the other treatments, with treatments 3 and 7 having the lowest values. For weight gain, the results recorded in the final weight gain followed a similar trend with treatments 4 and 6 having a significantly (P>0.05) higher values recorded, with treatment 7 recording the lowest value. Treatments 4 and 6 showed better feed conversion ratio with values of 9.57 and 9.81 across the dietary treatments. Treatment 6 recorded significantly higher values for crude fibre, ash (mineral) and ether extract digestibility in all the experimental treatments. The carcass weight value in treatment 6 (642.32g) was significantly (P<0.05) better than the other treatments with treatment 7 showing the least value of 574.63g. The pre slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, showed that treatment 6 mean values was better compared to treatment 1, 3, and 4 respectively, This study has demonstrated that although the various levels of chromium inclusion had a substantial impact on the numerous parameters examined, organic chromium inclusion, particularly at concentrations of 0.04g/kg (T4) and 0.06g/kg (T6), had a higher impact. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Soixante-trois (63) lapins en croissance âgés de douze semaines (races composites), d'un poids moyen de 1280+ 58g, ont été utilisés pour cette expérience et ont été affectés à 7 traitements alimentaires, avec 3 répétitions de 3 lapins par répétition. Le poids et la consommation alimentaire des lapins ont été enregistrés chaque semaine pendant huit semaines afin de calculer le gain de poids et la conversion alimentaire. Les régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés en utilisant les niveaux suivants d'inclusions dans les grains secs de brasserie (contenant 4,38 g/kg de chrome) et le chlorure de chrome, en conséquence, comme sources organ","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4031
A. Usman, M. Kawu, M. Shittu, N. B. Ibrahim, A. A. Yahaya
This review is aimed at discussing the synergism between Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid in lead poisoning. Lead is one of the heavy metals that is ubiquitous in nature and has various industrial applications. This is because of its advantageous physical properties. Although its use has been phased out in some industrial applications such as paints in developed countries, it remains a widely used heavy metal in the developing world. Lead toxicity accounts for thousands of deaths annually. Children are mostly affected by serious outcomes such as permanent neurocognitive damage. A literature search was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed, MDPI, Wiley, and Springer. Keywords used for search include “Moringa oleifera” “Ascorbic acid” “Lead toxicity” “Medicinal preparations” “Nutraceuticals” and “Chinese herbal medicine”. Oxidative stress was the major mechanism underlying Pb toxicity. Oxidative stress causes the depletion of endogenous antioxidant systems. Both Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid have antioxidant properties. This has made it possible for these two agents to be used for treating various ailments, including Pb toxicity. Previous findings have shown a probable synergism between Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid in ameliorating Pb-induced toxicity. This study indicates that a combined treatment approach comprising of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid could provide the best solution for managing Pb-induced toxicity. The classical management for Pb toxicity is chelation therapy, which is usually accompanied by serious side effects. Hence, there is a need for the deployment of nutraceuticals and other plant-derived substances for the better management of Pb toxicity Cette revue vise à discuter de la synergie entre le Moringa oleifera et l'acide ascorbique dans le saturnisme. Le plomb est l'un des métaux lourds omniprésent dans la nature et qui a diverses applications industrielles. Cela est dû à ses propriétés physiques avantageuses. Bien que son utilisation ait été progressivement abandonnée dans certaines applications industrielles telles que les peintures dans les pays développés, il reste un métal lourd largement utilisé dans les pays en développement. La toxicité du plomb est responsable de milliers de décès chaque année. Les enfants sont principalement touchés par des conséquences graves telles que des dommages neurocognitifs permanents. Une recherche documentaire a été menée à l'aide de ScienceDirect, PubMed, MDPI, Wiley et Springer. Les mots clés utilisés pour la recherche incluent « Moringa oleifera », « Acide ascorbique », « Toxicité au plomb », « Préparations médicinales », « Produits nutraceutiques » et « Plantes médicinales chinoises ». Le stress oxydatif était le principal mécanisme sous-jacent à la toxicité du plomb. Le stress oxydatif entraîne l'épuisement des systèmes antioxydants endogènes. Le Moringa oleifera et l'acide ascorbique ont tous deux des propriétés antioxydantes. Cela a permis à ces deux agen
{"title":"Synergistic ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid and Moringa oleifera in lead-induced toxicity: a review","authors":"A. Usman, M. Kawu, M. Shittu, N. B. Ibrahim, A. A. Yahaya","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4031","url":null,"abstract":"This review is aimed at discussing the synergism between Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid in lead poisoning. Lead is one of the heavy metals that is ubiquitous in nature and has various industrial applications. This is because of its advantageous physical properties. Although its use has been phased out in some industrial applications such as paints in developed countries, it remains a widely used heavy metal in the developing world. Lead toxicity accounts for thousands of deaths annually. Children are mostly affected by serious outcomes such as permanent neurocognitive damage. A literature search was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed, MDPI, Wiley, and Springer. Keywords used for search include “Moringa oleifera” “Ascorbic acid” “Lead toxicity” “Medicinal preparations” “Nutraceuticals” and “Chinese herbal medicine”. Oxidative stress was the major mechanism underlying Pb toxicity. Oxidative stress causes the depletion of endogenous antioxidant systems. Both Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid have antioxidant properties. This has made it possible for these two agents to be used for treating various ailments, including Pb toxicity. Previous findings have shown a probable synergism between Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid in ameliorating Pb-induced toxicity. This study indicates that a combined treatment approach comprising of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid could provide the best solution for managing Pb-induced toxicity. The classical management for Pb toxicity is chelation therapy, which is usually accompanied by serious side effects. Hence, there is a need for the deployment of nutraceuticals and other plant-derived substances for the better management of Pb toxicity \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Cette revue vise à discuter de la synergie entre le Moringa oleifera et l'acide ascorbique dans le saturnisme. Le plomb est l'un des métaux lourds omniprésent dans la nature et qui a diverses applications industrielles. Cela est dû à ses propriétés physiques avantageuses. Bien que son utilisation ait été progressivement abandonnée dans certaines applications industrielles telles que les peintures dans les pays développés, il reste un métal lourd largement utilisé dans les pays en développement. La toxicité du plomb est responsable de milliers de décès chaque année. Les enfants sont principalement touchés par des conséquences graves telles que des dommages neurocognitifs permanents. Une recherche documentaire a été menée à l'aide de ScienceDirect, PubMed, MDPI, Wiley et Springer. Les mots clés utilisés pour la recherche incluent « Moringa oleifera », « Acide ascorbique », « Toxicité au plomb », « Préparations médicinales », « Produits nutraceutiques » et « Plantes médicinales chinoises ». Le stress oxydatif était le principal mécanisme sous-jacent à la toxicité du plomb. Le stress oxydatif entraîne l'épuisement des systèmes antioxydants endogènes. Le Moringa oleifera et l'acide ascorbique ont tous deux des propriétés antioxydantes. Cela a permis à ces deux agen","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4022
D. P. Toviesi, O. O. Shittu, B. Oluwatosin, N. Okweln, S. Famakinde, O. Oderinwale, E. O. Adebambo, T. O. Sulaimon, M. A. Yusuff
The rising cost of feed ingredients had led to the development of alternative feed source for the cost effective production and management of ruminant livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance and cost effect of the goats in terms of body weight changes, feed intake and the cost-benefit analysis. Eighty-four -day study was carried out with twelve KALAWAD weaner goats. The goats were divided into three experimental groups of four goats each using completely randomized design. Three experimental diets were formulated to include 0, 5.0 and 7.5% moringa meal. The parameters measured for performance indices were final weight (10.43 to12.46kg), metabolic weight gain (15.30 to 17.43kg), weight gain (3190 to 4100g), daily weight gain (37.63 to 48.02g), dry matter intake (628.89 to 660.74g), dry matter intake (580.14 to 614.33g) and feed conversion ratio (16.59 to 14.54). Also, the parameters measured under the cost-benefits analysis were total feed intake, total cost of feed, cost of feed/kg gain and % Reduction in cost/kg gain. The results showed that inclusion of Moringa meal as a supplement had significant (p<0.05) effect on the weight gain, feed intake, dry matter intake and metabolic weight gain of the animals. The Moringa leaf meal-based supplements had lowered (from N2480.92 to N2160.44) the cost of feed per kilogram of weight gain. The experimental diets were offered at 4% body weight. In this study, it was concluded that 7.5% inclusion level of Moringa oleifera leaf meal into the diet improves the performance and reduced cost of feed per kilogram weight gain. Le coût croissant des ingrédients alimentaires a conduit au développement de sources alternatives d'aliments pour une production et une gestion rentables du bétail des ruminants. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'effet de la farine de feuilles de Moringa oleifera sur les performances et l'effet coût des chèvres en termes de changements de poids corporel, de consommation alimentaire et d'analyse coût-bénéfice. Une étude de quatre-vingt-quatre jours a été réalisée auprès de douze chèvres sevrées KALAWAD. Les chèvres ont été divisées en trois groupes expérimentaux de quatre chèvres chacun selon un plan complètement randomisé. Trois régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés pour inclure 0, 5,0 et 7,5 % de repas de moringa. Les paramètres mesurés pour les indices de performance étaient le poids final (10,43 à 12,46 kg), la prise de poids métabolique (15,30 à 17,43 kg), la prise de poids (3 190 à 4 100 g), la prise de poids quotidienne (37,63 à 48,02 g), l'apport en matière sèche (628,89 à 48,02 g). 660,74g), la consommation de matière sèche (580,14 à 614,33g) et l'indice de conversion alimentaire (16,59 à 14,54). En outre, les paramètres mesurés dans le cadre de l'analyse coûts-avantages étaient la consommation alimentaire totale, le coût total de l'aliment, le coût de l'aliment/kg de gain et le pourcentage de réducti
{"title":"Performance and Cost-benefit analysis of KALAWAD Goats fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal","authors":"D. P. Toviesi, O. O. Shittu, B. Oluwatosin, N. Okweln, S. Famakinde, O. Oderinwale, E. O. Adebambo, T. O. Sulaimon, M. A. Yusuff","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4022","url":null,"abstract":"The rising cost of feed ingredients had led to the development of alternative feed source for the cost effective production and management of ruminant livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance and cost effect of the goats in terms of body weight changes, feed intake and the cost-benefit analysis. Eighty-four -day study was carried out with twelve KALAWAD weaner goats. The goats were divided into three experimental groups of four goats each using completely randomized design. Three experimental diets were formulated to include 0, 5.0 and 7.5% moringa meal. The parameters measured for performance indices were final weight (10.43 to12.46kg), metabolic weight gain (15.30 to 17.43kg), weight gain (3190 to 4100g), daily weight gain (37.63 to 48.02g), dry matter intake (628.89 to 660.74g), dry matter intake (580.14 to 614.33g) and feed conversion ratio (16.59 to 14.54). Also, the parameters measured under the cost-benefits analysis were total feed intake, total cost of feed, cost of feed/kg gain and % Reduction in cost/kg gain. The results showed that inclusion of Moringa meal as a supplement had significant (p<0.05) effect on the weight gain, feed intake, dry matter intake and metabolic weight gain of the animals. The Moringa leaf meal-based supplements had lowered (from N2480.92 to N2160.44) the cost of feed per kilogram of weight gain. The experimental diets were offered at 4% body weight. In this study, it was concluded that 7.5% inclusion level of Moringa oleifera leaf meal into the diet improves the performance and reduced cost of feed per kilogram weight gain. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Le coût croissant des ingrédients alimentaires a conduit au développement de sources alternatives d'aliments pour une production et une gestion rentables du bétail des ruminants. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'effet de la farine de feuilles de Moringa oleifera sur les performances et l'effet coût des chèvres en termes de changements de poids corporel, de consommation alimentaire et d'analyse coût-bénéfice. Une étude de quatre-vingt-quatre jours a été réalisée auprès de douze chèvres sevrées KALAWAD. Les chèvres ont été divisées en trois groupes expérimentaux de quatre chèvres chacun selon un plan complètement randomisé. Trois régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés pour inclure 0, 5,0 et 7,5 % de repas de moringa. Les paramètres mesurés pour les indices de performance étaient le poids final (10,43 à 12,46 kg), la prise de poids métabolique (15,30 à 17,43 kg), la prise de poids (3 190 à 4 100 g), la prise de poids quotidienne (37,63 à 48,02 g), l'apport en matière sèche (628,89 à 48,02 g). 660,74g), la consommation de matière sèche (580,14 à 614,33g) et l'indice de conversion alimentaire (16,59 à 14,54). En outre, les paramètres mesurés dans le cadre de l'analyse coûts-avantages étaient la consommation alimentaire totale, le coût total de l'aliment, le coût de l'aliment/kg de gain et le pourcentage de réducti","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4021
B. J. Adebajo
A large number of forages exist in Nigeria with varying adaptations pertaining to ecological zones. These forages are known for their acceptability and nutritive value by ruminants during dry season. Being different in structure and texture, physiochemical component may differ. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine chemical composition of five selected forage species (Mimosa pudica, Aspenlenum bulbiferum, Commelina benghalensis, Chamaecoustus cupidatus and Panicum maximum) used as feed resources in Odoragunshin, Epe Local Government Area, Lagos state. 500g sample of each plant was collected from different mature plants before flowering. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility parameters were measured. The result obtained showed variations (P< 0 .05) in the proximate composition and invitro digestibility. The crude protein content was highest in Commelina benghalensis (21.46%) and was least in Chamaecoustus cupidatus (11.88%). Ether extract ranged from 7.70% - 15.38% in Mimosa pudica and Chamaecoustus cupidatus respectively. Higher ash value (15.38%) was recorded in Commelina benghalensis. The estimated organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were significantly different (P< 0.05). The study showed that the selected forages could be used as part of feed for ruminants, especially during the period of scarcity without harmful effect to the animals. Un grand nombre de fourrages existent au Nigeria avec des adaptations variables selon les zones écologiques. Ces fourrages sont connus pour leur acceptabilité et leur valeur nutritive par les ruminants en saison sèche. Étant différents en termes de structure et de texture, les composants physicochimiques peuvent différer. Ainsi, cette étude a été entreprise pour déterminer la composition chimique de cinq espèces fourragères sélectionnées (Mimosa pudica, Aspenlenum bulbiferum, Commelina benghalensis, Chamaecoustus cupidatus et Panicum maximum) utilisées comme ressources alimentaires à Odoragunshin, dans la zone de gouvernement local d'Epe, dans l'État de Lagos. Un échantillon de 500 g de chaque plante a été collecté sur différentes plantes matures avant la floraison. La composition chimique etles paramètres de digestibilité in vitro ont été mesurés. Le résultat obtenu montre des variations (P< 0,05) dans la composition immédiate et la digestibilité in vitro. La teneur en protéines brutes était la plus élevée chez Commelina benghalensis (21,46 %) et la plus faible chez Chamaecoustus cupidatus (11,88 %). L'extrait d'éther variait de 7,70 % à 15,38 % respectivement pour Mimosa pudica et Chamaecoustus cupidatus. Une valeur de cendres plus élevée (15,38 %) a été enregistrée chez Commelina benghalensis. La digestibilité estimée de la matière organique (DMO), l'énergie métabolisable (EM) et les acides gras à chaîne courte (AGCC) étaient significativement différents (P < 0,05). L'étude a montré que les fourrages sélectionnés pouvaient
{"title":"Chemical composition and In Vitro Digestibility of five selected forages used for production and management of small ruminants in Odoragushin of Epe Local Government Area, Lagos State.","authors":"B. J. Adebajo","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4021","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of forages exist in Nigeria with varying adaptations pertaining to ecological zones. These forages are known for their acceptability and nutritive value by ruminants during dry season. Being different in structure and texture, physiochemical component may differ. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine chemical composition of five selected forage species (Mimosa pudica, Aspenlenum bulbiferum, Commelina benghalensis, Chamaecoustus cupidatus and Panicum maximum) used as feed resources in Odoragunshin, Epe Local Government Area, Lagos state. 500g sample of each plant was collected from different mature plants before flowering. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility parameters were measured. The result obtained showed variations (P< 0 .05) in the proximate composition and invitro digestibility. The crude protein content was highest in Commelina benghalensis (21.46%) and was least in Chamaecoustus cupidatus (11.88%). Ether extract ranged from 7.70% - 15.38% in Mimosa pudica and Chamaecoustus cupidatus respectively. Higher ash value (15.38%) was recorded in Commelina benghalensis. The estimated organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were significantly different (P< 0.05). The study showed that the selected forages could be used as part of feed for ruminants, especially during the period of scarcity without harmful effect to the animals. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Un grand nombre de fourrages existent au Nigeria avec des adaptations variables selon les zones écologiques. Ces fourrages sont connus pour leur acceptabilité et leur valeur nutritive par les ruminants en saison sèche. Étant différents en termes de structure et de texture, les composants physicochimiques peuvent différer. Ainsi, cette étude a été entreprise pour déterminer la composition chimique de cinq espèces fourragères sélectionnées (Mimosa pudica, Aspenlenum bulbiferum, Commelina benghalensis, Chamaecoustus cupidatus et Panicum maximum) utilisées comme ressources alimentaires à Odoragunshin, dans la zone de gouvernement local d'Epe, dans l'État de Lagos. Un échantillon de 500 g de chaque plante a été collecté sur différentes plantes matures avant la floraison. La composition chimique etles paramètres de digestibilité in vitro ont été mesurés. Le résultat obtenu montre des variations (P< 0,05) dans la composition immédiate et la digestibilité in vitro. La teneur en protéines brutes était la plus élevée chez Commelina benghalensis (21,46 %) et la plus faible chez Chamaecoustus cupidatus (11,88 %). L'extrait d'éther variait de 7,70 % à 15,38 % respectivement pour Mimosa pudica et Chamaecoustus cupidatus. Une valeur de cendres plus élevée (15,38 %) a été enregistrée chez Commelina benghalensis. La digestibilité estimée de la matière organique (DMO), l'énergie métabolisable (EM) et les acides gras à chaîne courte (AGCC) étaient significativement différents (P < 0,05). L'étude a montré que les fourrages sélectionnés pouvaient","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4026
P. Jiwuba, K. Ikwunze, R. Akazue, J. A. Ijisini, L. Okoye, C. O. Ezimoha, S. J. Umar, N. Onele
West African Dwarf (WAD) goat is one of the most prolific goat breeds in Nigeria, and its production fulfils important socio-economic functions. In Nigeria, high cost of feed and inadequate nutrient intake undermines this goat breed in expressing their full potential. Thus, 86-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutrient intake, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of WAD goats fed dietary levels of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf meal. Sixteen WAD bucks of about 8 – 10 months of age averaging 7.35kg in weight were used fir this experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to four experimental diets (T , T , T , and T ) containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% 1 2 3 4 inclusion levels of Siam weed leaf meal (SWLM) in a completely randomized design. The bucks were fed based on 3.0% body weight per day in the morning (8.00 hour) and later in the evening at 15.00 hours. 1 kg wilted chopped Panicum maximum. Fresh and clean drinkable water were given ad libitum to the goats. Feed intake, body weight changes, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization parameters were determined accordingly. Results showed significant (p<0.05) difference for all the nutrient intake (total dry matter intake, crude protein intake, neutral detergent fibre intake, acid detergent fibre intake and acid detergent lignin intake) parameters examined. Daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) better for T . Dry matter, crude protein and ash 2 digestibilities showed significant (p<0.05) differences, with T having better (p<0.05) dry 2 matter digestibility and crude protein digestibility. T showed significantly (p<0.05) higher 2 nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention values in comparison to other treatments. It was concluded that SWLM is rich in essential nutrients and therefore suitable for inclusion in West African dwarf goat diets at level not beyond 5% for best dry matter intake, crude protein intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention. La chèvre West African Dwarf (WAD) est l'une des races caprines les plus prolifiques au Nigéria et sa production remplit d'importantes fonctions socio-économiques. Au Nigéria, le coût élevé de l'alimentation animale et un apport nutritionnel insuffisant empêchent cette race caprine d'exprimer tout son potentiel. Ainsi, un essai d'alimentation de 86 jours a été mené pour évaluer l'apport en nutriments, le gain de poids corporel, la digestibilité des nutriments et l'utilisation de l'azote de chèvres WAD nourries avec des niveaux alimentaires de farine de feuilles d'herbe de Siam (Chromolaena odorata). Seize mâles WAD âgés d'environ 8 à 10 mois et pesant en moyenne 7,35 kg ont été utilisés pour cette expérience. Les chèvres ont été assignées au hasard à quatre régimes expérimentaux (T , T , T et T ) 1 2 3 4 contenant des niveaux d'inclusion de 0 %,
{"title":"Nutrient intake, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf goats fed Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf meal","authors":"P. Jiwuba, K. Ikwunze, R. Akazue, J. A. Ijisini, L. Okoye, C. O. Ezimoha, S. J. Umar, N. Onele","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4026","url":null,"abstract":"West African Dwarf (WAD) goat is one of the most prolific goat breeds in Nigeria, and its production fulfils important socio-economic functions. In Nigeria, high cost of feed and inadequate nutrient intake undermines this goat breed in expressing their full potential. Thus, 86-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutrient intake, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of WAD goats fed dietary levels of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf meal. Sixteen WAD bucks of about 8 – 10 months of age averaging 7.35kg in weight were used fir this experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to four experimental diets (T , T , T , and T ) containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% 1 2 3 4 inclusion levels of Siam weed leaf meal (SWLM) in a completely randomized design. The bucks were fed based on 3.0% body weight per day in the morning (8.00 hour) and later in the evening at 15.00 hours. 1 kg wilted chopped Panicum maximum. Fresh and clean drinkable water were given ad libitum to the goats. Feed intake, body weight changes, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization parameters were determined accordingly. Results showed significant (p<0.05) difference for all the nutrient intake (total dry matter intake, crude protein intake, neutral detergent fibre intake, acid detergent fibre intake and acid detergent lignin intake) parameters examined. Daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) better for T . Dry matter, crude protein and ash 2 digestibilities showed significant (p<0.05) differences, with T having better (p<0.05) dry 2 matter digestibility and crude protein digestibility. T showed significantly (p<0.05) higher 2 nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention values in comparison to other treatments. It was concluded that SWLM is rich in essential nutrients and therefore suitable for inclusion in West African dwarf goat diets at level not beyond 5% for best dry matter intake, crude protein intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000La chèvre West African Dwarf (WAD) est l'une des races caprines les plus prolifiques au Nigéria et sa production remplit d'importantes fonctions socio-économiques. Au Nigéria, le coût élevé de l'alimentation animale et un apport nutritionnel insuffisant empêchent cette race caprine d'exprimer tout son potentiel. Ainsi, un essai d'alimentation de 86 jours a été mené pour évaluer l'apport en nutriments, le gain de poids corporel, la digestibilité des nutriments et l'utilisation de l'azote de chèvres WAD nourries avec des niveaux alimentaires de farine de feuilles d'herbe de Siam (Chromolaena odorata). Seize mâles WAD âgés d'environ 8 à 10 mois et pesant en moyenne 7,35 kg ont été utilisés pour cette expérience. Les chèvres ont été assignées au hasard à quatre régimes expérimentaux (T , T , T et T ) 1 2 3 4 contenant des niveaux d'inclusion de 0 %,","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4032
B. J. Adebayo, A. A. Nwani, A. N. Mafimidiwo
Some trees, especially browse plants are cherished by cattle, sheep and goats in the tropics. However, the browse plants have their peculiar characteristics and nutrients in them. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Morinda lucida, Moringa oleifera, Ficus exasperata, Pentaclethra hirsute.s macrophylla and Palisota Samples were investigated for proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics, estimated organic matter digestibility (OMD%), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kgDM) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA, mol). Results showed that there were significant differences in proximate composition with crude protein (CP) ranging from 17.87 in Palisota hirsute to 27.20% in Moringa oleifera. The content of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) differed significantly (P<0.05) with values ranging from 53.39 in Pentaclethra macrophylla to 60.39% in Morinda lucida. The estimated SCFA, OMD and ME were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Pentaclethra macrophylla (0.37 mol, 30.88 % and 4.65 MJ/kgDM) respectively. In conclusion, the selected plants evaluated in this study had high crude protein contents which would make them good protein supplement to poor quality feeds especially during feed scarcity without adverse effect. Certains arbres, en particulier les plantes broutées, sont appréciés par les bovins, les moutons et les chèvres sous les tropiques. Cependant, les plantes broutantes ont en elles leurs caractéristiques et leurs nutriments particuliers. Par conséquent, cette étude a été menée pour évaluer la valeur nutritive, la composition chimique et la digestibilité in vitro de Morinda lucida, Moringa oleifera, Ficus exasperata, Pentaclethra macrophylla et Palisota hirsute. Les échantillons ont été étudiés pour la composition immédiate, les caractéristiques de production de gaz in vitro, la digestibilité estimée de la matière organique. (DMO%), énergie métabolisable (EM, MJ/kgDM) et acide gras à chaîne courte (AGCC, mol). Les résultats ont montré qu'il existait des différences significatives dans la composition immédiate des protéines brutes (PB) allant de 17,87 chez Palisota hirsute à 27,20 % chez Moringa oleifera. La teneur en fibres détergentes neutres (FDN) différait significativement (P < 0,05) avec des valeurs allant de 53,39 chez Pentaclethra macrophylla à 60,39 % chez Morinda lucida. Les AGCC, DMO et EM estimés étaient significativement (P <0,05) plusélevés chez Pentaclethra macrophylla (0,37 mol, 30,88 % et 4,65 MJ/kgDM) respectivement. En conclusion, les plantes sélectionnées évaluées dans cette étude avaient des teneurs élevées en protéines brutes, ce qui en ferait un bon complément protéique aux aliments de mauvaise qualité, en particulier en cas de pénurie alimentaire, sans effet indésirable.
{"title":"Evaluation of nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of five selected browse plants as feed for ruminants in Nigeria","authors":"B. J. Adebayo, A. A. Nwani, A. N. Mafimidiwo","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4032","url":null,"abstract":"Some trees, especially browse plants are cherished by cattle, sheep and goats in the tropics. However, the browse plants have their peculiar characteristics and nutrients in them. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Morinda lucida, Moringa oleifera, Ficus exasperata, Pentaclethra hirsute.s macrophylla and Palisota Samples were investigated for proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics, estimated organic matter digestibility (OMD%), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kgDM) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA, mol). Results showed that there were significant differences in proximate composition with crude protein (CP) ranging from 17.87 in Palisota hirsute to 27.20% in Moringa oleifera. The content of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) differed significantly (P<0.05) with values ranging from 53.39 in Pentaclethra macrophylla to 60.39% in Morinda lucida. The estimated SCFA, OMD and ME were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Pentaclethra macrophylla (0.37 mol, 30.88 % and 4.65 MJ/kgDM) respectively. In conclusion, the selected plants evaluated in this study had high crude protein contents which would make them good protein supplement to poor quality feeds especially during feed scarcity without adverse effect. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Certains arbres, en particulier les plantes broutées, sont appréciés par les bovins, les moutons et les chèvres sous les tropiques. Cependant, les plantes broutantes ont en elles leurs caractéristiques et leurs nutriments particuliers. Par conséquent, cette étude a été menée pour évaluer la valeur nutritive, la composition chimique et la digestibilité in vitro de Morinda lucida, Moringa oleifera, Ficus exasperata, Pentaclethra macrophylla et Palisota hirsute. Les échantillons ont été étudiés pour la composition immédiate, les caractéristiques de production de gaz in vitro, la digestibilité estimée de la matière organique. (DMO%), énergie métabolisable (EM, MJ/kgDM) et acide gras à chaîne courte (AGCC, mol). Les résultats ont montré qu'il existait des différences significatives dans la composition immédiate des protéines brutes (PB) allant de 17,87 chez Palisota hirsute à 27,20 % chez Moringa oleifera. La teneur en fibres détergentes neutres (FDN) différait significativement (P < 0,05) avec des valeurs allant de 53,39 chez Pentaclethra macrophylla à 60,39 % chez Morinda lucida. Les AGCC, DMO et EM estimés étaient significativement (P <0,05) plusélevés chez Pentaclethra macrophylla (0,37 mol, 30,88 % et 4,65 MJ/kgDM) respectivement. En conclusion, les plantes sélectionnées évaluées dans cette étude avaient des teneurs élevées en protéines brutes, ce qui en ferait un bon complément protéique aux aliments de mauvaise qualité, en particulier en cas de pénurie alimentaire, sans effet indésirable.","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4020
E. O. Ojewusi, N. A. Ojo, A. O. Saheed, T. S. Adefemi, O. Adewumi, A. Oni, D. P. Toviesi, O. F. Akin-Aina
The successful delivery of pregnant West African Dwarf (WAD) goats is closely tied to the quality of available feed, particularly during the dry season. Investigating appropriate dry season feeding for optimal performance becomes imperative. This experiment aimed to assess the cost-benefit ratio and reproductive efficiency of West African Dwarf does when fed concentrate diets incorporating cassava leaf meal during the dry season. Twenty WAD does were utilized and categorized into four groups based on weight ranges. Each animal received a feed at a rate of 3.5 percent of their body weight throughout the 19-week experiment. Daily feed consumption was recorded, and weights were measured every two weeks. Maximum feed intake was observed in the late stages of pregnancy (895.25g), with consistently higher feed intake across all pregnancy stages, although no significant difference was noted among treatments (P>0.05). Growth parameters of pregnant West African Dwarf Does showed no significant differences when fed a diet containing concentrated cassava leaf meal. Optimal weight gain in animals was achieved by feeding 10% cassava leaf meal. These findings indicate that supplementing concentrates with cassava leaf meal at inclusion levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% enhances feed intake during each pregnancy phase, with 10% inclusion demonstrating the most cost-effective weight gain. It is recommended to feed late-pregnancy West African Dwarf Does with a 10% inclusion level of cassava leaf meal. La réussite de la mise bas de chèvres West African Dwarf (WAD) gestantes est étroitement liée à la qualité de l'alimentation disponible, en particulier pendant la saison sèche. Il devient impératif d'étudier une alimentation appropriée en saison sèche pour des performances optimales. Cette expérience visait à évaluer le rapport coût-bénéfice et l'efficacité de reproduction des chèvres West African Dwarf lorsqu'elles sont nourries avec des régimes concentrés incorporant de la farine de feuilles de manioc pendant la saison sèche. Vingt femelles WAD ont été utilisées et classées en quatre groupes en fonction de tranches de poids. Chaque animal a reçu une nourriture à raison de 3,5 pour cent de son poids corporel tout au long de l'expérience de 19 semaines. La consommation quotidienne d'aliments a été enregistrée et les poids ont été mesurés toutes les deux semaines. La consommation alimentaire maximale a été observée aux derniers stades de la grossesse (895,25 g), avec une consommation alimentaire constamment plus élevée à tous les stades de la grossesse, bien qu'aucune différence significative n'ait été observée entre les traitements (P > 0,05). Les paramètres de croissance des femelles West African Dwarf gravides n'ont montré aucune différence significative lorsqu'elles ont été nourries avec un régime contenant de la farine concentrée de feuilles de manioc. Un gain de poids optimal chez les animaux a été obtenu en leur donnant 10 % de farine de feuilles de mani
{"title":"The dry season pregnancy and cost-benefit of West African dwarf goats fed cassava leaf meal- based diets","authors":"E. O. Ojewusi, N. A. Ojo, A. O. Saheed, T. S. Adefemi, O. Adewumi, A. Oni, D. P. Toviesi, O. F. Akin-Aina","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4020","url":null,"abstract":"The successful delivery of pregnant West African Dwarf (WAD) goats is closely tied to the quality of available feed, particularly during the dry season. Investigating appropriate dry season feeding for optimal performance becomes imperative. This experiment aimed to assess the cost-benefit ratio and reproductive efficiency of West African Dwarf does when fed concentrate diets incorporating cassava leaf meal during the dry season. Twenty WAD does were utilized and categorized into four groups based on weight ranges. Each animal received a feed at a rate of 3.5 percent of their body weight throughout the 19-week experiment. Daily feed consumption was recorded, and weights were measured every two weeks. Maximum feed intake was observed in the late stages of pregnancy (895.25g), with consistently higher feed intake across all pregnancy stages, although no significant difference was noted among treatments (P>0.05). Growth parameters of pregnant West African Dwarf Does showed no significant differences when fed a diet containing concentrated cassava leaf meal. Optimal weight gain in animals was achieved by feeding 10% cassava leaf meal. These findings indicate that supplementing concentrates with cassava leaf meal at inclusion levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% enhances feed intake during each pregnancy phase, with 10% inclusion demonstrating the most cost-effective weight gain. It is recommended to feed late-pregnancy West African Dwarf Does with a 10% inclusion level of cassava leaf meal. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000La réussite de la mise bas de chèvres West African Dwarf (WAD) gestantes est étroitement liée à la qualité de l'alimentation disponible, en particulier pendant la saison sèche. Il devient impératif d'étudier une alimentation appropriée en saison sèche pour des performances optimales. Cette expérience visait à évaluer le rapport coût-bénéfice et l'efficacité de reproduction des chèvres West African Dwarf lorsqu'elles sont nourries avec des régimes concentrés incorporant de la farine de feuilles de manioc pendant la saison sèche. Vingt femelles WAD ont été utilisées et classées en quatre groupes en fonction de tranches de poids. Chaque animal a reçu une nourriture à raison de 3,5 pour cent de son poids corporel tout au long de l'expérience de 19 semaines. La consommation quotidienne d'aliments a été enregistrée et les poids ont été mesurés toutes les deux semaines. La consommation alimentaire maximale a été observée aux derniers stades de la grossesse (895,25 g), avec une consommation alimentaire constamment plus élevée à tous les stades de la grossesse, bien qu'aucune différence significative n'ait été observée entre les traitements (P > 0,05). Les paramètres de croissance des femelles West African Dwarf gravides n'ont montré aucune différence significative lorsqu'elles ont été nourries avec un régime contenant de la farine concentrée de feuilles de manioc. Un gain de poids optimal chez les animaux a été obtenu en leur donnant 10 % de farine de feuilles de mani","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4024
A. Yakubu, I. R. Muhammed, D. W. Habib
The increasing cost of inorganic fertilizer and concerns for more ecological stability with sustainable soil fertility have led to a renewed interest in green manuring, which is affordable and more environmental friendly soil management practice. This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the reciprocal benefits of green manure on yield and nutritive value of Sorghum almum. The experiment was conducted in two phases. First experiment evaluated the yield, morphological characteristics and quality of hay while the second phase assessed the fermentation characteristics and quality of silage. The experiment design was 1x5 factorial arrangement in a split plot design and replicated three times. Three legume species: Centrosema poscurum, Lablab purpureum and Glycine max were used as sources of green manure and a positive control (Urea, Single Super Phosphate and Muriate of Potash at rate of 100, 50, 50 kg/ha, respectively) and negative control (0 k/ha). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P= 0.05. The results showed Significant (P<0.05) increase in values of soil pH, phosphorus, organic carbon, potassium and total nitrogen as influenced by green manure compared to Negative control. Higher significant (P<0.05) Dry matter yield among legumes was recorded when Centrosema pascourum was used to grow Sorghum almum (8.31t/ha). However, positive control recorded the highest values (9.07t/ha). The same trend was observed in terms of plant height (101.90 cm), leaf length (53.47cm) and leaf width (1.93cm). Proximate composition CP (8.75%) DM (98.13%), Ash (8.58%) and NFE (47.90%) of the grass were significantly (P<0.05) higher while fiber fractions NDF (40.42) and ADF (24.72) reduced when Centrosema pascuorum was used compared to other sources of green manure. However, positive control recorded highest proximate values with minimum fiber fractions. Silage fermentation characteristics revealed that quality silage was produced. Silage proximate composition and fiber fractions of Sorghum almum showed similar trend as hay. Conclusively, Centrosema pascourum proves to be the best source of green manure and is therefore recommended for cultivation Sorghum almum in the study area. Le coût croissant des engrais inorganiques et les préoccupations concernant une plus grande stabilité écologique et une fertilité durable des sols ont conduit à un regain d'intérêt pour l'engrais vert, qui constitue une pratique de gestion des sols abordable et plus respectueuse de l'environnement. Cette expérience a été entreprise pour évaluer les bénéfices réciproques de l'engrais vert sur le rendement et la valeur nutritive du Sorghum almum. L'expérience s'est déroulée en deux phases. La première expérience a évalué le rendement, les caractéristiques morphologiques et la qualité du foin tandis que la deuxième phase a évalué les caractéristiques fermentaires et la qualité de l'ensilage. Le plan d'expérience était un arrangement factoriel 1x5 dans un p
{"title":"Evaluation of Reciprocal Benefits of Green Manure on Yield and Nutrient Composition of Sorghum almum Hay and Silage","authors":"A. Yakubu, I. R. Muhammed, D. W. Habib","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4024","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing cost of inorganic fertilizer and concerns for more ecological stability with sustainable soil fertility have led to a renewed interest in green manuring, which is affordable and more environmental friendly soil management practice. This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the reciprocal benefits of green manure on yield and nutritive value of Sorghum almum. The experiment was conducted in two phases. First experiment evaluated the yield, morphological characteristics and quality of hay while the second phase assessed the fermentation characteristics and quality of silage. The experiment design was 1x5 factorial arrangement in a split plot design and replicated three times. Three legume species: Centrosema poscurum, Lablab purpureum and Glycine max were used as sources of green manure and a positive control (Urea, Single Super Phosphate and Muriate of Potash at rate of 100, 50, 50 kg/ha, respectively) and negative control (0 k/ha). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P= 0.05. The results showed Significant (P<0.05) increase in values of soil pH, phosphorus, organic carbon, potassium and total nitrogen as influenced by green manure compared to Negative control. Higher significant (P<0.05) Dry matter yield among legumes was recorded when Centrosema pascourum was used to grow Sorghum almum (8.31t/ha). However, positive control recorded the highest values (9.07t/ha). The same trend was observed in terms of plant height (101.90 cm), leaf length (53.47cm) and leaf width (1.93cm). Proximate composition CP (8.75%) DM (98.13%), Ash (8.58%) and NFE (47.90%) of the grass were significantly (P<0.05) higher while fiber fractions NDF (40.42) and ADF (24.72) reduced when Centrosema pascuorum was used compared to other sources of green manure. However, positive control recorded highest proximate values with minimum fiber fractions. Silage fermentation characteristics revealed that quality silage was produced. Silage proximate composition and fiber fractions of Sorghum almum showed similar trend as hay. Conclusively, Centrosema pascourum proves to be the best source of green manure and is therefore recommended for cultivation Sorghum almum in the study area. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Le coût croissant des engrais inorganiques et les préoccupations concernant une plus grande stabilité écologique et une fertilité durable des sols ont conduit à un regain d'intérêt pour l'engrais vert, qui constitue une pratique de gestion des sols abordable et plus respectueuse de l'environnement. Cette expérience a été entreprise pour évaluer les bénéfices réciproques de l'engrais vert sur le rendement et la valeur nutritive du Sorghum almum. L'expérience s'est déroulée en deux phases. La première expérience a évalué le rendement, les caractéristiques morphologiques et la qualité du foin tandis que la deuxième phase a évalué les caractéristiques fermentaires et la qualité de l'ensilage. Le plan d'expérience était un arrangement factoriel 1x5 dans un p","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4036
N. M. Badaru, A. Aremu, S. S. A. Egena
Phases of feeding is the nutrient concentrations in a series of diet formulated to meet an animal's nutrient requirement at different stages of growth or production. Generally, poultry birds have three feeding phases namely: starter, grower and finisher. Starter feed has high crude protein content and decline with the age of the birds. The cost of poultry feed is high because of the cost of crude protein content of the feed which must be met to support optimum growth of the bird. Due to this cost effect, no uniform time of changing diet from one phase to the other is strictly adhered to and this affect the growth of poultry birds. This brought about the idea of single phase feeding to eliminate the problems of the effect of changing time of diet from one phase to the other. Adoption of single phase feeding necessitates determination of the best protein and energy levels that support optimum performance in growing and laying Japanese quails which this study carried out. In an experiment to evaluate the growth and laying performance of quails fed single phase diets, a total of 180, 2-week old Japanese quail chicks were randomly divided into five treatments of 36 quail chicks per treatment. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Diet 1 (T ) 1 for both the growing and laying phases were the control diets (for growth and egg laying) while the remaining four diets (T -T ) for each of the phases were the single-phase diets 2 5 (same diets fed at both the growth and laying phases of the experiment). The control diets for both phases were formulated to contain 26 % and 22 % CP, and 2800 and 2750 kcal/kg ME for growing and laying, respectively. The four single phase diets had 20, 22, 24 and 26 % CP, and 2800, 3000, 3200 and 3400 kcal/kg ME, respectively for both phases. Completely randomized design was used for the experiment. Feed and water were served ad libitum. The parameters measured for growth were (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio). The result showed that average daily weight gain of quails fed control diet (29.40g) was similar(P<05) to the quails fed diets containing 22 % CP,3000 Kcal/ Kg ME (28.93g) and 24 % CP, 3200 Kcal /Kg ME (28.87g) but was significantly higher (P<0.05) than quails of the other diets.. Feed intake had no significant (P>0.05) difference but feed intake of quails decreased with the increase Metabolizable energy levels across the treatments. Quails fed control diet consumed higher than quails fed 22 % CP, 3000 Kcal /Kg ME, 24 % CP, 3200 Kcal/ Kg ME and 26 % CP, 3400 Kcal / kg ME. Feed conversion ration (FCR) showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment groups with the values from T1 – T5 (4.97, 5.46, 5.00, 4.95 and 4.76 respectively). The parameters measured for laying were (hen-day and hen-house production, feed intake and feed conversion ratio). The results showed that quails fed the control diet was similar (P>0.05) to those fed diets containing 22 and 24 % CPand 3000, 3200 kca
{"title":"Growth and laying performance of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) under single phase feeding in Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria","authors":"N. M. Badaru, A. Aremu, S. S. A. Egena","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4036","url":null,"abstract":"Phases of feeding is the nutrient concentrations in a series of diet formulated to meet an animal's nutrient requirement at different stages of growth or production. Generally, poultry birds have three feeding phases namely: starter, grower and finisher. Starter feed has high crude protein content and decline with the age of the birds. The cost of poultry feed is high because of the cost of crude protein content of the feed which must be met to support optimum growth of the bird. Due to this cost effect, no uniform time of changing diet from one phase to the other is strictly adhered to and this affect the growth of poultry birds. This brought about the idea of single phase feeding to eliminate the problems of the effect of changing time of diet from one phase to the other. Adoption of single phase feeding necessitates determination of the best protein and energy levels that support optimum performance in growing and laying Japanese quails which this study carried out. In an experiment to evaluate the growth and laying performance of quails fed single phase diets, a total of 180, 2-week old Japanese quail chicks were randomly divided into five treatments of 36 quail chicks per treatment. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Diet 1 (T ) 1 for both the growing and laying phases were the control diets (for growth and egg laying) while the remaining four diets (T -T ) for each of the phases were the single-phase diets 2 5 (same diets fed at both the growth and laying phases of the experiment). The control diets for both phases were formulated to contain 26 % and 22 % CP, and 2800 and 2750 kcal/kg ME for growing and laying, respectively. The four single phase diets had 20, 22, 24 and 26 % CP, and 2800, 3000, 3200 and 3400 kcal/kg ME, respectively for both phases. Completely randomized design was used for the experiment. Feed and water were served ad libitum. The parameters measured for growth were (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio). The result showed that average daily weight gain of quails fed control diet (29.40g) was similar(P<05) to the quails fed diets containing 22 % CP,3000 Kcal/ Kg ME (28.93g) and 24 % CP, 3200 Kcal /Kg ME (28.87g) but was significantly higher (P<0.05) than quails of the other diets.. Feed intake had no significant (P>0.05) difference but feed intake of quails decreased with the increase Metabolizable energy levels across the treatments. Quails fed control diet consumed higher than quails fed 22 % CP, 3000 Kcal /Kg ME, 24 % CP, 3200 Kcal/ Kg ME and 26 % CP, 3400 Kcal / kg ME. Feed conversion ration (FCR) showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment groups with the values from T1 – T5 (4.97, 5.46, 5.00, 4.95 and 4.76 respectively). The parameters measured for laying were (hen-day and hen-house production, feed intake and feed conversion ratio). The results showed that quails fed the control diet was similar (P>0.05) to those fed diets containing 22 and 24 % CPand 3000, 3200 kca","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4033
U. Herbert, W. Amaduruonye, K. Ikwunze, O. M. Obike, D. N. Onunkwo, N. Amaechi, L. E. Odoemelan
Ethno- and traditional medicine have inferred that Azanza garckeana plant products possessed varying phytochemicals and pharmacological properties capable of stimulating muscular growth and cellular development. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the direct and residual effects of Azanza garckeana fruit on the growth, linear body developments and carcass composition of New Zealand White rabbit bucks. Sixty New Zealand White rabbit bucks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments of 15 bucks, replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were formulated and supplemented with Azanza garckeana fruit meal at 0, 100, 200 and 300g/kg respectively, representing T , T , 1 2 T and T . The study was conducted in two experimental phases, the direct and the residual 3 4 phase. At the end of each experimental phase, data were collected on the growth, linear body parameters and on the carcass compositions. Results showed that the different supplementation levels of Azanza garckeana fruit up to 300g/kg on the direct phase improved the final weights (T 2276.67g to T 2446.67g), weight gain (T 1295.22g to T 1449.89g) and 1 4 1 4 the weights of the skin (T 237.00g to T 259.00g). It also increased the weight of the forelimb 1 4 (T1 199.33g to T4 258.33g), hindlimb (T1 255.33g to T4 292.67g), backcuts (T1 189.03g to T4 564.57g), the ear lengths (11.49cm in T to 13.52cm in T ), heart girts (26.04cm in T to 1 4 1 28.00cm in T ) and the body length (36.33cm in T to 38.66cm in T ). On the residual phase, the 4 1 4 different supplementation levels of Azanza garckeana fruit reduced the weight gain (T1 215.33g to T 54.65g), dressed weights (from 2110.42g in T to 1936.83g in T ) and dressed 4 1 4 percentages (84.69% in T to 77.44% in T ); but had no significant (P>0.05) effects on the 1 4 carcass parts and on the linear body development of the rabbit bucks. It is therefore, concluded that the different supplementation levels of Azanza garckeana fruit impacted favourably on the growth of the rabbit bucks, carcass development and on the linear body growth; but had no residual effects on the carcass parts and linear body growth of the rabbit bucks.
{"title":"Growth and Linear Body Developments of New Zealand White rabbit bucks fed diets supplemented with Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula) fruit meal","authors":"U. Herbert, W. Amaduruonye, K. Ikwunze, O. M. Obike, D. N. Onunkwo, N. Amaechi, L. E. Odoemelan","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4033","url":null,"abstract":"Ethno- and traditional medicine have inferred that Azanza garckeana plant products possessed varying phytochemicals and pharmacological properties capable of stimulating muscular growth and cellular development. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the direct and residual effects of Azanza garckeana fruit on the growth, linear body developments and carcass composition of New Zealand White rabbit bucks. Sixty New Zealand White rabbit bucks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments of 15 bucks, replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were formulated and supplemented with Azanza garckeana fruit meal at 0, 100, 200 and 300g/kg respectively, representing T , T , 1 2 T and T . The study was conducted in two experimental phases, the direct and the residual 3 4 phase. At the end of each experimental phase, data were collected on the growth, linear body parameters and on the carcass compositions. Results showed that the different supplementation levels of Azanza garckeana fruit up to 300g/kg on the direct phase improved the final weights (T 2276.67g to T 2446.67g), weight gain (T 1295.22g to T 1449.89g) and 1 4 1 4 the weights of the skin (T 237.00g to T 259.00g). It also increased the weight of the forelimb 1 4 (T1 199.33g to T4 258.33g), hindlimb (T1 255.33g to T4 292.67g), backcuts (T1 189.03g to T4 564.57g), the ear lengths (11.49cm in T to 13.52cm in T ), heart girts (26.04cm in T to 1 4 1 28.00cm in T ) and the body length (36.33cm in T to 38.66cm in T ). On the residual phase, the 4 1 4 different supplementation levels of Azanza garckeana fruit reduced the weight gain (T1 215.33g to T 54.65g), dressed weights (from 2110.42g in T to 1936.83g in T ) and dressed 4 1 4 percentages (84.69% in T to 77.44% in T ); but had no significant (P>0.05) effects on the 1 4 carcass parts and on the linear body development of the rabbit bucks. It is therefore, concluded that the different supplementation levels of Azanza garckeana fruit impacted favourably on the growth of the rabbit bucks, carcass development and on the linear body growth; but had no residual effects on the carcass parts and linear body growth of the rabbit bucks. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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