Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4034
B. Omidiwura, A. Agboola, E. O. Abodunrin, A. O. Amole, S. A. Ajayi, O. H. Mojolagbe, O. O. Adenekan
The threat posed by the continuous application of antibiotics as growth promoters to poultry and humans who consume the products is too great to be under-estimated. The search for viable alternatives, such as phytonutrients has become necessary to keep the pace of healthy production and safe products to appreciable level. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effect of Peperomia pellucida supplementation on performance, internal and external quality of the eggs, gut morphological indices, histopathological indices, haematological indices and lipid profile of laying hens in a 42-day feeding trial. Fifty-four 20-week-old Isa-brown laying hens were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments and replicated six times with three birds per replicate. Treatment 1 was a basal diet, while treatments 2 and 3 contained the basal diet with 0.5%, and 1% Peperomia pellucida powder, respectively. Performance indices were evaluated. On day 42, haematological indices, lipid profile, gut morphological indices, histopathological indices, internal and external quality of the eggs were examined following standard procedure. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at á . The results showed that feed intake, white 0.05 blood cell, monocyte, basophil counts, high density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, yolk width, albumen height, haugh unit, were significantly influenced by dietary treatments. Diets had no significant influence on the gut morphological indices. Histopathological observations of the ileum showed that no visible lesion in the ilea of the birds on both experimental diets and basal diet. The villi of hens fed with 1% Peperomia pellucida diet appeared slightly stunted. Conclusively, 0.5 % Peperomia pellucida dietary level was considered the bestlevel for laying hens as growth promoters thereby being a viable alternative to antibiotics. La menace posée par l'application continue d'antibiotiques comme stimulateurs de croissance aux volailles et aux humains qui consomment ces produits est trop grande pour être sous-estimée. La recherche d'alternatives viables, telles que les phytonutriments, est devenue nécessaire pour maintenir à un niveau appréciable le rythme d'une production saine et de produits sûrs. Cette étude a donc été conçue pour évaluer l'effet de la supplémentation en Peperomia pellucida sur les performances, la qualité interne et externe des œufs, les indices morphologiques intestinaux, les indices histopathologiques, les indices hématologiques et le profil lipidique des poules pondeuses dans un essai d'alimentation de 42 jours. Cinquante-quatre poules pondeuses Isa-brown âgées de 20 semaines ont été assignées au hasard à trois traitements alimentaires et répétées six fois avec trois oiseaux par répétition. Le traitement 1 était un régime de base, tandis que les traitements 2 et 3 contenaient le régime de base avec respectivement 0,5 % et 1 % de poudre de Peperomia pell
{"title":"Growth performance, gut integrity and blood metabolites of laying hens fed pepper elder (Peperomia Pellucida (l.) kunth supplemented diets","authors":"B. Omidiwura, A. Agboola, E. O. Abodunrin, A. O. Amole, S. A. Ajayi, O. H. Mojolagbe, O. O. Adenekan","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4034","url":null,"abstract":"The threat posed by the continuous application of antibiotics as growth promoters to poultry and humans who consume the products is too great to be under-estimated. The search for viable alternatives, such as phytonutrients has become necessary to keep the pace of healthy production and safe products to appreciable level. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effect of Peperomia pellucida supplementation on performance, internal and external quality of the eggs, gut morphological indices, histopathological indices, haematological indices and lipid profile of laying hens in a 42-day feeding trial. Fifty-four 20-week-old Isa-brown laying hens were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments and replicated six times with three birds per replicate. Treatment 1 was a basal diet, while treatments 2 and 3 contained the basal diet with 0.5%, and 1% Peperomia pellucida powder, respectively. Performance indices were evaluated. On day 42, haematological indices, lipid profile, gut morphological indices, histopathological indices, internal and external quality of the eggs were examined following standard procedure. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at á . The results showed that feed intake, white 0.05 blood cell, monocyte, basophil counts, high density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, yolk width, albumen height, haugh unit, were significantly influenced by dietary treatments. Diets had no significant influence on the gut morphological indices. Histopathological observations of the ileum showed that no visible lesion in the ilea of the birds on both experimental diets and basal diet. The villi of hens fed with 1% Peperomia pellucida diet appeared slightly stunted. Conclusively, 0.5 % Peperomia pellucida dietary level was considered the bestlevel for laying hens as growth promoters thereby being a viable alternative to antibiotics. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000La menace posée par l'application continue d'antibiotiques comme stimulateurs de croissance aux volailles et aux humains qui consomment ces produits est trop grande pour être sous-estimée. La recherche d'alternatives viables, telles que les phytonutriments, est devenue nécessaire pour maintenir à un niveau appréciable le rythme d'une production saine et de produits sûrs. Cette étude a donc été conçue pour évaluer l'effet de la supplémentation en Peperomia pellucida sur les performances, la qualité interne et externe des œufs, les indices morphologiques intestinaux, les indices histopathologiques, les indices hématologiques et le profil lipidique des poules pondeuses dans un essai d'alimentation de 42 jours. Cinquante-quatre poules pondeuses Isa-brown âgées de 20 semaines ont été assignées au hasard à trois traitements alimentaires et répétées six fois avec trois oiseaux par répétition. Le traitement 1 était un régime de base, tandis que les traitements 2 et 3 contenaient le régime de base avec respectivement 0,5 % et 1 % de poudre de Peperomia pell","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i3.4030
O. M. Tawose, J. F. Oluwadele, A. Ekeocha
The dry seasons in the tropics often result in a scarcity of green fodder, which can negatively impact ruminant animal production. As such, the utilization of aquatic plants, which are abundant poses a threat to aquatic organisms and waterways, may be explored as a means of mitigating this shortage. This study aimed to assess the suitability of water hyacinth and its implication on the blood profile of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. A total of 20 West African Dwarf goats, aged 1-1.5 years and having liveweight of 11 ± 0.42 kg, were fed water hyacinth for a period of 70 days. A five-treatment and four-replicate completely randomized design was employed, in which water hyacinth replaced cassava peels at varying concentrations (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) in the formulated diets, with Panicum maximum and sundried poultry droppings added each at 20% to make complete diets. Significant differences (P<0.05) were noted in the blood profile values of the experimental 6 -1 3 -1 animals (PCV:24.4-29.73%, RBC:7.75-13.8210 mm , WBC: 9.78-13.4810 mm ) and were within the normal ranges for healthy growing goats. Serum biochemical parameters obtained indicated that total protein (20.02g/L - 42.24g/L), albumin (11.40 – 25.00g/L), globulin (8.62 - 17.24g/L), and creatinine (1.00 - 2.13mg/dL), were significantly (P < 0.05) different across the treatments. WBC and Lymphocytes values obtained were indicative of healthy immune system in the animals. Conclusively, supplementation of the WAD goat's diet with water hyacinth at a 15% inclusion level in cassava peels and poultry dropping silage was tolerable, presented optimal hematological and serum biochemical indices and did not pose any health risk to the experimental animals and was thereby recommended as a suitable feed for goats for optimum production, especially in extended dry seasons. Les saisons sèches sous les tropiques entraînent souvent une pénurie de fourrage vert, ce qui peut avoir un impact négatif sur la production animale de ruminants. Ainsi, l'utilisation de plantes aquatiques, dont l'abondance constitue une menace pour les organismes aquatiques et les cours d'eau, pourrait être explorée comme moyen d'atténuer cette pénurie. Cette étude visait à évaluer l'adéquation de la jacinthe d'eau et son implication sur le profil sanguin des chèvres West African Dwarf (WAD). Au total, 20 chèvres West African Dwarf, âgées de 1 à 1,5 ans et pesant 11 ± 0,42 kg, ont été nourries avec de la jacinthe d'eau pendant une période de 70 jours. Un plan complètement randomisé à cinq traitements et quatre répétitions a été utilisé, dans lequel la jacinthe d'eau a remplacé les pelures de manioc à des concentrations variables (0 %, 15 %, 30 %, 45 % et 60 %) dans les régimes alimentaires formulés, avec Panicum maximum et crottes de volailles séchées ajoutées chacune à raison de 20% pour constituer des régimes complets. Des différences significatives (P< 0,05) ont été notées dans les valeurs du profil sanguin des an
{"title":"Haematological and Biochemical Responses of West African Dwarf Goats fed Water hyacinth and Cassava peel silage","authors":"O. M. Tawose, J. F. Oluwadele, A. Ekeocha","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i3.4030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i3.4030","url":null,"abstract":"The dry seasons in the tropics often result in a scarcity of green fodder, which can negatively impact ruminant animal production. As such, the utilization of aquatic plants, which are abundant poses a threat to aquatic organisms and waterways, may be explored as a means of mitigating this shortage. This study aimed to assess the suitability of water hyacinth and its implication on the blood profile of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. A total of 20 West African Dwarf goats, aged 1-1.5 years and having liveweight of 11 ± 0.42 kg, were fed water hyacinth for a period of 70 days. A five-treatment and four-replicate completely randomized design was employed, in which water hyacinth replaced cassava peels at varying concentrations (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) in the formulated diets, with Panicum maximum and sundried poultry droppings added each at 20% to make complete diets. Significant differences (P<0.05) were noted in the blood profile values of the experimental 6 -1 3 -1 animals (PCV:24.4-29.73%, RBC:7.75-13.8210 mm , WBC: 9.78-13.4810 mm ) and were within the normal ranges for healthy growing goats. Serum biochemical parameters obtained indicated that total protein (20.02g/L - 42.24g/L), albumin (11.40 – 25.00g/L), globulin (8.62 - 17.24g/L), and creatinine (1.00 - 2.13mg/dL), were significantly (P < 0.05) different across the treatments. WBC and Lymphocytes values obtained were indicative of healthy immune system in the animals. Conclusively, supplementation of the WAD goat's diet with water hyacinth at a 15% inclusion level in cassava peels and poultry dropping silage was tolerable, presented optimal hematological and serum biochemical indices and did not pose any health risk to the experimental animals and was thereby recommended as a suitable feed for goats for optimum production, especially in extended dry seasons. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Les saisons sèches sous les tropiques entraînent souvent une pénurie de fourrage vert, ce qui peut avoir un impact négatif sur la production animale de ruminants. Ainsi, l'utilisation de plantes aquatiques, dont l'abondance constitue une menace pour les organismes aquatiques et les cours d'eau, pourrait être explorée comme moyen d'atténuer cette pénurie. Cette étude visait à évaluer l'adéquation de la jacinthe d'eau et son implication sur le profil sanguin des chèvres West African Dwarf (WAD). Au total, 20 chèvres West African Dwarf, âgées de 1 à 1,5 ans et pesant 11 ± 0,42 kg, ont été nourries avec de la jacinthe d'eau pendant une période de 70 jours. Un plan complètement randomisé à cinq traitements et quatre répétitions a été utilisé, dans lequel la jacinthe d'eau a remplacé les pelures de manioc à des concentrations variables (0 %, 15 %, 30 %, 45 % et 60 %) dans les régimes alimentaires formulés, avec Panicum maximum et crottes de volailles séchées ajoutées chacune à raison de 20% pour constituer des régimes complets. Des différences significatives (P< 0,05) ont été notées dans les valeurs du profil sanguin des an","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"90 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3907
E. A. Adenaike, I. B. Tekdek, H. Kazeem, A. Y. Simon
Since African Swine Fever (ASF) is a notifiable, highly contagious, lethal haemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs. studies were undertaken to investigate the presence of antibody against African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) among pig population in Apa, Ohimini and Okpokwu LGAs of Benue State, Nigeria . Eight, five, and seven serum were sampled from suspected pigs’ populations in Apa, Ohimini and Okpokwu Local Governments Areas of Benue state respectively. One serum sample from Ohimini tested positive (ie 20%) but none of the samples from Apa and Okpokwu LGAs tested positive for the test (ie 0%). Since pigs with demonstrable antibody are normally considered as chronic carriers of the virus because it is doubtful if true recovery ever occurred. Control measures such as use of quarantine , test and culling of animals that tested positive for ASF antibody with commensurable level of compensation. La peste porcine africaine (PPA) étant une maladie hémorragique à déclaration obligatoire, hautement contagieuse et mortelle chez les porcs domestiques. des études ont été entreprises pour étudier la présence d'anticorps contre le virus de la peste porcine africaine (VPPA) parmi la population porcine des LGA d'Apa, Ohimini et Okpokwu de l'État de Benue, au Nigéria. Huit, cinq et sept sérums ont été échantillonnés dans des populations de porcs suspectées respectivement dans les zones de gouvernement local d'Apa, d'Ohimini et d'Okpokwu, dans l'État de Benue. Un échantillon de sérum d'Ohimini s'est révélé positif (soit 20 %), mais aucun des échantillons des LGA d'Apa et d'Okpokwu n'a été testé positif (soit 0 %). Étant donné que les porcs présentant des anticorps démontrables sont normalement considérés comme des porteurs chroniques du virus, car il est douteux qu’une véritable guérison ne se soit jamais produite. Desmesures de contrôle telles que le recours à la quarantaine, les tests et l'abattage des animaux testés positifs aux anticorps anti-PPA avec un niveau de compensation proportionné.
{"title":"African swine fever antibody detection and status in pigs in Apa, Ohimini and Okpokwu local government areas of Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"E. A. Adenaike, I. B. Tekdek, H. Kazeem, A. Y. Simon","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3907","url":null,"abstract":"Since African Swine Fever (ASF) is a notifiable, highly contagious, lethal haemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs. studies were undertaken to investigate the presence of antibody against African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) among pig population in Apa, Ohimini and Okpokwu LGAs of Benue State, Nigeria . Eight, five, and seven serum were sampled from suspected pigs’ populations in Apa, Ohimini and Okpokwu Local Governments Areas of Benue state respectively. One serum sample from Ohimini tested positive (ie 20%) but none of the samples from Apa and Okpokwu LGAs tested positive for the test (ie 0%). Since pigs with demonstrable antibody are normally considered as chronic carriers of the virus because it is doubtful if true recovery ever occurred. Control measures such as use of quarantine , test and culling of animals that tested positive for ASF antibody with commensurable level of compensation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000La peste porcine africaine (PPA) étant une maladie hémorragique à déclaration obligatoire, hautement contagieuse et mortelle chez les porcs domestiques. des études ont été entreprises pour étudier la présence d'anticorps contre le virus de la peste porcine africaine (VPPA) parmi la population porcine des LGA d'Apa, Ohimini et Okpokwu de l'État de Benue, au Nigéria. Huit, cinq et sept sérums ont été échantillonnés dans des populations de porcs suspectées respectivement dans les zones de gouvernement local d'Apa, d'Ohimini et d'Okpokwu, dans l'État de Benue. Un échantillon de sérum d'Ohimini s'est révélé positif (soit 20 %), mais aucun des échantillons des LGA d'Apa et d'Okpokwu n'a été testé positif (soit 0 %). Étant donné que les porcs présentant des anticorps démontrables sont normalement considérés comme des porteurs chroniques du virus, car il est douteux qu’une véritable guérison ne se soit jamais produite. Desmesures de contrôle telles que le recours à la quarantaine, les tests et l'abattage des animaux testés positifs aux anticorps anti-PPA avec un niveau de compensation proportionné.","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"34 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3906
S. Adamu, M. Abdulrashid, M. Zahraddeen, O. Daudu
The research was conducted at Dairy Research and Development Centre (DRDC) of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic antioxidant (baobab fruit pulp meal) supplementation on milk production pattern of lactating Bunaji, Wadara and Friesian x Bunaji cattle. A total of 24 clinically healthy lactating cows on their first and second parity were used for the research. The experimental cows were allotted to four treatment levels: 0.00, 5.30, 10.60 and 15.90 kg/100kg diet (diet 0, diet 1, diet 2 and diet 3) baobab fruit pulp meal (BFPM) with six animals per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were administered once daily (10 to 20 minutes) before milking and lasted for 186 days. However, milking was done manually once daily (morning) at 7:30 to 8:30 am by the same collector consistently up to the end of the data collection as described above. Moreover, milk yield parameters (initial milk yield (IMY), peak milk yield (PMY), decline milk yield (DOY), total milk yield (TMY) and average daily milk yield (ADMY) (L/head/day) of the cow was recorded dailyon record sheet and measured in litres using calibrated rubber buckets and the data was subjected to analysis of variance of SPSS software. The milk yield parameters differed (P<0.001) significantly and shared similar characteristics pattern, in both the main and in interaction effects. There was significant (P<0.001) difference on breed effect along milk yield parameters measured. The Friesian x Bunaji Crosses had recorded significant higher total milk yield (2,529.60 litres), followed by Wadara breed (1,737.24 litres) while Bunaji recorded the lowest (1,644.44 litres) yield respectively. Second parity had recorded higher total milk yield (2,018.71 litres) than first parity (1,897.21 litres). Experimental animals under diet 3 (15.90 kg/ 100kg diet) had produced large volume of total milk yield as compared to other treatment levels. The control group produced lower total milk yield. In conclusion, BFPM supplementations significantly improved milk production yield from (1,413.60 to 2,057. 16 litres). It is recommended that, under tropical conditions BFPM as organic antioxidants with high concentrations of vitamin C, could be supplemented in the diet of lactating cows up to 15.90 kg/100 kg diet in order to improve milk production performances under tropical conditions. La recherche a été menée au Centre de Recherche et de Développement des produits Laitiers (CRDL) de l'Université Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi. L'étude a été réalisée pour évaluer l'effet d'une supplémentation en antioxydants organiques (farine de pulpe de fruit de baobab) sur le modèle de production laitière des bovins Bunaji, Wadara et Friesian x Bunaji en lactation. Au total, 24 vaches en lactation cliniquement saines à leurs premières et deuxièmes mises basses ont été utilisées pour la recherche. Les vaches expérimentales ont été affectées à qua
{"title":"Yields and milk characteristics of Bunaji, Wadara and Friesian X Bunaji cows fed Dietary baobab fruit pulp meal under tropical environment","authors":"S. Adamu, M. Abdulrashid, M. Zahraddeen, O. Daudu","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3906","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted at Dairy Research and Development Centre (DRDC) of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic antioxidant (baobab fruit pulp meal) supplementation on milk production pattern of lactating Bunaji, Wadara and Friesian x Bunaji cattle. A total of 24 clinically healthy lactating cows on their first and second parity were used for the research. The experimental cows were allotted to four treatment levels: 0.00, 5.30, 10.60 and 15.90 kg/100kg diet (diet 0, diet 1, diet 2 and diet 3) baobab fruit pulp meal (BFPM) with six animals per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were administered once daily (10 to 20 minutes) before milking and lasted for 186 days. However, milking was done manually once daily (morning) at 7:30 to 8:30 am by the same collector consistently up to the end of the data collection as described above. Moreover, milk yield parameters (initial milk yield (IMY), peak milk yield (PMY), decline milk yield (DOY), total milk yield (TMY) and average daily milk yield (ADMY) (L/head/day) of the cow was recorded dailyon record sheet and measured in litres using calibrated rubber buckets and the data was subjected to analysis of variance of SPSS software. The milk yield parameters differed (P<0.001) significantly and shared similar characteristics pattern, in both the main and in interaction effects. There was significant (P<0.001) difference on breed effect along milk yield parameters measured. The Friesian x Bunaji Crosses had recorded significant higher total milk yield (2,529.60 litres), followed by Wadara breed (1,737.24 litres) while Bunaji recorded the lowest (1,644.44 litres) yield respectively. Second parity had recorded higher total milk yield (2,018.71 litres) than first parity (1,897.21 litres). Experimental animals under diet 3 (15.90 kg/ 100kg diet) had produced large volume of total milk yield as compared to other treatment levels. The control group produced lower total milk yield. In conclusion, BFPM supplementations significantly improved milk production yield from (1,413.60 to 2,057. 16 litres). It is recommended that, under tropical conditions BFPM as organic antioxidants with high concentrations of vitamin C, could be supplemented in the diet of lactating cows up to 15.90 kg/100 kg diet in order to improve milk production performances under tropical conditions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000La recherche a été menée au Centre de Recherche et de Développement des produits Laitiers (CRDL) de l'Université Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi. L'étude a été réalisée pour évaluer l'effet d'une supplémentation en antioxydants organiques (farine de pulpe de fruit de baobab) sur le modèle de production laitière des bovins Bunaji, Wadara et Friesian x Bunaji en lactation. Au total, 24 vaches en lactation cliniquement saines à leurs premières et deuxièmes mises basses ont été utilisées pour la recherche. Les vaches expérimentales ont été affectées à qua","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3901
O. Shittu, A. J. Odeyemi, A. J. Adekunle, B. C. Majekodunmi, D. P. Toviesi, O. Osinowo, O. F. Smith
Animal production output has suffered significantly due to climate change, necessitating thorough research on breed-specific adaptive mechanism, particularly for goats, in order to better understand these animals’ tolerance level. The comparative physiological adaptation of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat indigenous to the humid climate of West Africa and the Kalahari Red (KR) goat introduced to the humid zone of Southwestern Nigeria from the semi-arid sub-tropical zone of South Africa was investigated. Fourteen goats consisting of seven WAD and seven KR aged between 2 and 4 years were housed in a well ventilated concrete-floored pen. The animals were zero-grazed and fed concentrate and Bracharia decumbens hay for six months consisting of two seasons; cold-dry season (November – January) and hot dry season (February – April). Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and pulse rate were monitored twice daily once a week. Kalahari Red goats had significantly higher (p<0.001) rectal temperature (38.97 vs. 38.39o C), respiratory rate (51.20 vs. 47.98 breaths / min) and pulse rate (61.56 vs. 60.22 pulses / min) than WAD goats while heart rate was similar (p<0.05) in the two breeds. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were lower in both breeds in the cold dry season than in the hot dry season. All the physiological parameters measured in this experiment were significantly (p<0.001) affected by time of day and week of sampling. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and pulse rate were all higher in the afternoon than in the morning while the highest values were recorded in the 20th, 22nd, 23rd and 3rd week of sampling, respectively. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were lower in both breeds in the cold dry season than in the hot dry season. The study concluded that rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were all higher in the Kalahari Red than the West African Dwarf goats. Though the adaptive physiological responses of both breeds to the humid tropical climate appeared to be adequate, however, the West African Dwarf goat appeared to cope better in the hot-dry season while the Kalahari Red goat appeared to cope better in the cold-dry season. La production animale a considérablement souffert du changement climatique, ce qui a nécessité des recherches approfondies sur les mécanismes d’adaptation spécifiques aux races, en particulier pour les chèvres, afin de mieux comprendre le niveau de tolérance de ces animaux. L'adaptation physiologique comparative de la chèvre West African Dwarf (WAD) indigène au climat humide de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de la chèvre du Kalahari Red (KR) introduite dans la zone humide du sud ouest du Nigéria à partir de la zone subtropicale semi-aride d'Afrique du Sud a été enquêté. Quatorze chèvres, dont sept WAD et sept KR âgées de 2 à 4 ans, ont été hébergées dans un enclos au sol en béton bien ventilé. Les animaux ont été nourris au pâturage zéro et no
{"title":"Comparative study of physiological adaptation in West African dwarf and Kalahari red goats in the humid tropics","authors":"O. Shittu, A. J. Odeyemi, A. J. Adekunle, B. C. Majekodunmi, D. P. Toviesi, O. Osinowo, O. F. Smith","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3901","url":null,"abstract":"Animal production output has suffered significantly due to climate change, necessitating thorough research on breed-specific adaptive mechanism, particularly for goats, in order to better understand these animals’ tolerance level. The comparative physiological adaptation of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat indigenous to the humid climate of West Africa and the Kalahari Red (KR) goat introduced to the humid zone of Southwestern Nigeria from the semi-arid sub-tropical zone of South Africa was investigated. Fourteen goats consisting of seven WAD and seven KR aged between 2 and 4 years were housed in a well ventilated concrete-floored pen. The animals were zero-grazed and fed concentrate and Bracharia decumbens hay for six months consisting of two seasons; cold-dry season (November – January) and hot dry season (February – April). Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and pulse rate were monitored twice daily once a week. Kalahari Red goats had significantly higher (p<0.001) rectal temperature (38.97 vs. 38.39o C), respiratory rate (51.20 vs. 47.98 breaths / min) and pulse rate (61.56 vs. 60.22 pulses / min) than WAD goats while heart rate was similar (p<0.05) in the two breeds. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were lower in both breeds in the cold dry season than in the hot dry season. All the physiological parameters measured in this experiment were significantly (p<0.001) affected by time of day and week of sampling. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and pulse rate were all higher in the afternoon than in the morning while the highest values were recorded in the 20th, 22nd, 23rd and 3rd week of sampling, respectively. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were lower in both breeds in the cold dry season than in the hot dry season. The study concluded that rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate were all higher in the Kalahari Red than the West African Dwarf goats. Though the adaptive physiological responses of both breeds to the humid tropical climate appeared to be adequate, however, the West African Dwarf goat appeared to cope better in the hot-dry season while the Kalahari Red goat appeared to cope better in the cold-dry season. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000La production animale a considérablement souffert du changement climatique, ce qui a nécessité des recherches approfondies sur les mécanismes d’adaptation spécifiques aux races, en particulier pour les chèvres, afin de mieux comprendre le niveau de tolérance de ces animaux. L'adaptation physiologique comparative de la chèvre West African Dwarf (WAD) indigène au climat humide de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de la chèvre du Kalahari Red (KR) introduite dans la zone humide du sud ouest du Nigéria à partir de la zone subtropicale semi-aride d'Afrique du Sud a été enquêté. Quatorze chèvres, dont sept WAD et sept KR âgées de 2 à 4 ans, ont été hébergées dans un enclos au sol en béton bien ventilé. Les animaux ont été nourris au pâturage zéro et no","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"31 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3904
Y. M. Ishiaku, M. R. Hassan, R. J. Tanko, S. Abdu, U. M. Ibrahim, S. S. Garba, M. A. Haruna, A. M. Aliyu
Silage making offers alternative means of fodder conservation during the rainy season while retaining nutrient quality of the fodder as feed for ruminants. An experiment was conducted at Feeds and Nutrition Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, to assess the growth performance of Yankasa rams fed varying levels of ensiled sorghum (Sorghum almum) and lablab forages. The silage was prepared by harvesting sorghum and lablab forages at dough and flowering stages, respectively, chopped to 2 cm with a forage chopper, wilted for 12 hour and made into the following four dietary treatments containing forage sorghum and lablab at 100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 mixed ratios. The silage materials were placed in polyethene bags and ensiled in a four partitioned pit silo measuring 10 m length x10 m width x 6 m height. The silages were opened after 21 days for physical inspection and chemical analysis. Twenty growing Yankasa rams aged between 10-12 months with average body weight of 21.00 + 0.40 kg were randomly allotted to one of the silages produced and supplemented with concentrate. The rams were individually pen-fed at 3 % body weight (60% silage and 40% concentrate) with allowance of 200 g/day for a period of 12 weeks in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated five times. Silage composition at 70:30 ratio of sorghum and lablab forages was highly acidic pH (3.72) with yellow green colour, very sweet aroma and very soft texture; higher crude protein (10.10 %), calcium (0.45 %) and phosphorus (0.35 %) was observed. The total feed intake was significant (P<0.05) across treatments with the highest value (475.95 g/day) in rams fed 80:20 mixed ratios at par with (453.89 g/day) in rams fed 90:10 mixed silage. Average body weight gain and daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher (6.90 kg/ram) and (82.14 g/ram/day) in rams fed 70:30 mixed silage than other treatments. The feed conversion ratio (5.33) was significantly (P<0.05) better in rams fed 70:30 mixed silage. The coefficients of nutrient digestibility of DM, EE, CF and NFE were not significant (P>0.05) in all the treatments. The CP digestibility was better and range from (69.15-84.26 %), NDF and ADF were significantly (P<0.05) higher in all the treatments except in the control. mixed. The nitrogen absorbed (19.86 g/day), nitrogen retained (15.53 g/day) and nitrogen absorbed as percentage intake (80.67 %) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rams fed 70:30 mixed silage ratio. Highest net cost-benefit of N4,114.48k was obtained for feeding rams with sorghum and lablab forage at 70:30 mixture ratio than the other treatments. It was concluded from this study that forage sorghum and lablab mixed silage at 70:30 ratios gave better nutritive quality silage and feeding Yankasa rams with the silage improved their performance, increased net cost-benefit of the farmer by 27.62 % % and consequently reduced the cost of feeding. Therefore, combination ensiled sorghum a
制作青贮饲料是雨季保存饲料的替代方法，同时还能保持饲料作为反刍动物饲料的营养质量。希卡国家家畜生产研究所的饲料和营养研究项目进行了一项实验，以评估饲喂不同水平的高粱（Sorghum almum）和马铃薯饲料的扬卡萨公羊的生长性能。青贮饲料的制备方法是分别在高粱面团期和开花期收获高粱和马铃薯饲草，用饲草切碎机切碎至 2 厘米，萎蔫 12 小时，然后按 100:0、90:10、80:20 和 70:30 的混合比例制成以下四种含有高粱和马铃薯饲草的日粮处理。青贮原料装入聚乙烯袋中，在一个长 10 米、宽 10 米、高 6 米的四隔间坑式青贮窖中进行青贮。21 天后打开青贮，进行物理检查和化学分析。20 只年龄在 10-12 个月之间、平均体重为 21.00 + 0.40 千克的生长期扬卡萨公羊被随机分配到其中一种青贮饲料中，并补充精料。在完全随机设计（CRD）中，公羊以 3% 的体重（60% 青贮饲料和 40% 精料）单独圈饲，每天喂食 200 克，持续 12 周，重复 5 次。高粱和马铃薯饲草的比例为 70:30，青贮饲料的 pH 值（3.72）呈高酸性，色泽黄绿，香味浓甜，质地柔软；粗蛋白（10.10%）、钙（0.45%）和磷（0.35%）含量较高。所有处理的总采食量均有显著性差异（P0.05）。CP 消化率较好，范围为（69.15-84.26 %），NDF 和 ADF 在所有处理中均显著（P0,05）。La digestibilité du CP était meilleure et allait de (69,15 à 84,26 %), le NDF et l'ADF étaient significativement (P < 0,05) plus élevés dans tous les traitements sauf dans le contrôle.使用 70:30 的混合饲料饲喂的小牛，其氮素吸收量（19.86 克/小时）、氮素还原量（15.53 克/小时）和氮素吸收百分率（80.67 %）显著增加（P < 0.05）。用 70:30 的混合比例饲喂高粱和马铃薯的育种小牛的净成本收益率最高，为 4 114 48 千牛。这项研究得出的结论是，在 70:30 的混合比例中，高梁和马铃薯的驯化能使驯化效果更好：30 的比例得到了营养价值最高的饲料，用这种饲料喂养 Yankasa 种禽提高了它们的生产性能，使农业者的净成本收益率提高了 27.62 % %，从而降低了饲养成本。因此，建议将高粱和马铃薯的四种饲料按 70:30 的比例混合使用，以提高杨家将的生长性能。
{"title":"Performance of Growing Yankasa Rams fed Ensiled Sorghum almum (Parodi) and Lablab purpureus (L. Sweet) forages and Concentrate Supplement","authors":"Y. M. Ishiaku, M. R. Hassan, R. J. Tanko, S. Abdu, U. M. Ibrahim, S. S. Garba, M. A. Haruna, A. M. Aliyu","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3904","url":null,"abstract":"Silage making offers alternative means of fodder conservation during the rainy season while retaining nutrient quality of the fodder as feed for ruminants. An experiment was conducted at Feeds and Nutrition Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, to assess the growth performance of Yankasa rams fed varying levels of ensiled sorghum (Sorghum almum) and lablab forages. The silage was prepared by harvesting sorghum and lablab forages at dough and flowering stages, respectively, chopped to 2 cm with a forage chopper, wilted for 12 hour and made into the following four dietary treatments containing forage sorghum and lablab at 100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 mixed ratios. The silage materials were placed in polyethene bags and ensiled in a four partitioned pit silo measuring 10 m length x10 m width x 6 m height. The silages were opened after 21 days for physical inspection and chemical analysis. Twenty growing Yankasa rams aged between 10-12 months with average body weight of 21.00 + 0.40 kg were randomly allotted to one of the silages produced and supplemented with concentrate. The rams were individually pen-fed at 3 % body weight (60% silage and 40% concentrate) with allowance of 200 g/day for a period of 12 weeks in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated five times. Silage composition at 70:30 ratio of sorghum and lablab forages was highly acidic pH (3.72) with yellow green colour, very sweet aroma and very soft texture; higher crude protein (10.10 %), calcium (0.45 %) and phosphorus (0.35 %) was observed. The total feed intake was significant (P<0.05) across treatments with the highest value (475.95 g/day) in rams fed 80:20 mixed ratios at par with (453.89 g/day) in rams fed 90:10 mixed silage. Average body weight gain and daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher (6.90 kg/ram) and (82.14 g/ram/day) in rams fed 70:30 mixed silage than other treatments. The feed conversion ratio (5.33) was significantly (P<0.05) better in rams fed 70:30 mixed silage. The coefficients of nutrient digestibility of DM, EE, CF and NFE were not significant (P>0.05) in all the treatments. The CP digestibility was better and range from (69.15-84.26 %), NDF and ADF were significantly (P<0.05) higher in all the treatments except in the control. mixed. The nitrogen absorbed (19.86 g/day), nitrogen retained (15.53 g/day) and nitrogen absorbed as percentage intake (80.67 %) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rams fed 70:30 mixed silage ratio. Highest net cost-benefit of N4,114.48k was obtained for feeding rams with sorghum and lablab forage at 70:30 mixture ratio than the other treatments. It was concluded from this study that forage sorghum and lablab mixed silage at 70:30 ratios gave better nutritive quality silage and feeding Yankasa rams with the silage improved their performance, increased net cost-benefit of the farmer by 27.62 % % and consequently reduced the cost of feeding. Therefore, combination ensiled sorghum a","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"34 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3903
J. Akinola, A. Larbi, J. A. Odedire, O. Aderinola, C. Lakpini, J. Amodu, J. R. Tanko, A. Musa
A study was conducted in 2017 and 2018, in the Forest Zone of southwestern Nigeria, to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) fertilized with compound fertilizer (20N:10P2O5:10K2O), under different planting densities. Seedlings of 20-day old Tithonia diversifolia were transplanted on a site, in a split plot arrangement, with fertilizer application at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400kg/ha, using a planting density of 83.3 ×103, 166.7 ×103, 222 ×103, 333 ×103, 500 ×103, and 1000 ×103 plants/ha. After 114-116 days of growth, the plants were harvested and analyzed for proximate composition. The highest whole plant DM yield occurred at 400 kg/ha fertilizer level and a population density of 333×103 plants/ha. Leaf and inflorescence DM yields peaked at 400 kg/ha fertilizer application while the best leaf yield and inflorescence response to density resulted from 333 ×103 plants/ha, regardless of year under investigation. Overall fertilizer treatments and across densities, the leaf and inflorescence fractions recorded 16.88-22.92 % and 14.38-15.10% CP, 12.09-13.24 % and 21.25-23.60 % CF, 4.89-5.60 % and 3.67-4.72 % EE and 13.42-14.84 % and 6.27-7.53 % ash, respectively. Results obtained suggest that the high biomass yield of Tithonia diversifolia combined with its satisfactory nutrient levels, qualifies the plant as a potential suitable feed supplement source for ruminant livestock. Une étude a été menée en 2017 et 2018, dans la zone forestière du sud-ouest du Nigéria, pour évaluer le rendement et la composition chimique du tournesol sauvage (Tithonia diversifolia) fertilisé avec un engrais composé (20N:10P2O5:10K2O), sous différentes densités de plantation. Des semis de Tithonia diversifolia âgés de 20 jours ont été transplantés sur un site, dans une disposition en parcelles divisées, avec une application d'engrais à 0, 50, 100, 200 et 400 kg/ha, en utilisant une densité de plantation de 83,3 × 103, 166,7 × 103, 222. ×103, 333 ×103, 500 ×103 et 1 000 ×103 plants/ha. Après 114 à 116 jours de croissance, les plantes ont été récoltées et analysées pour déterminer leur composition immédiate. Le rendement le plus élevé en matière sèche de plante entière a été obtenu avec un niveau d'engrais de 400 kg/ha et une densité de population de 333 × 103 plantes/ha. Les rendements en matière sèche des feuilles et des inflorescences ont culminé à 400 kg/ha d'application d'engrais, tandis que le meilleur rendement foliaire et la meilleure réponse de l'inflorescence à la densité résultaient de 333 × 103 plantes/ha,quelle que soit l'année étudiée. Dans l'ensemble des traitements d'engrais et selon les densités, les fractions de feuilles et d'inflorescences ont enregistré 16,88-22,92 % et 14,38-15,10 % CP, 12,09 13,24 % et 21,25-23,60 % CF, 4,89-5,60 % et 3,67-4,72 % EE et 13,42-14,84 %. et 6,27 à 7,53 % de cendres, respectivement. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que le rendement élevé en biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia,
{"title":"Effects of NPK Fertilizer application and plant density on forage yield and chemical composition of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia)","authors":"J. Akinola, A. Larbi, J. A. Odedire, O. Aderinola, C. Lakpini, J. Amodu, J. R. Tanko, A. Musa","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3903","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in 2017 and 2018, in the Forest Zone of southwestern Nigeria, to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) fertilized with compound fertilizer (20N:10P2O5:10K2O), under different planting densities. Seedlings of 20-day old Tithonia diversifolia were transplanted on a site, in a split plot arrangement, with fertilizer application at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400kg/ha, using a planting density of 83.3 ×103, 166.7 ×103, 222 ×103, 333 ×103, 500 ×103, and 1000 ×103 plants/ha. After 114-116 days of growth, the plants were harvested and analyzed for proximate composition. The highest whole plant DM yield occurred at 400 kg/ha fertilizer level and a population density of 333×103 plants/ha. Leaf and inflorescence DM yields peaked at 400 kg/ha fertilizer application while the best leaf yield and inflorescence response to density resulted from 333 ×103 plants/ha, regardless of year under investigation. Overall fertilizer treatments and across densities, the leaf and inflorescence fractions recorded 16.88-22.92 % and 14.38-15.10% CP, 12.09-13.24 % and 21.25-23.60 % CF, 4.89-5.60 % and 3.67-4.72 % EE and 13.42-14.84 % and 6.27-7.53 % ash, respectively. Results obtained suggest that the high biomass yield of Tithonia diversifolia combined with its satisfactory nutrient levels, qualifies the plant as a potential suitable feed supplement source for ruminant livestock. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Une étude a été menée en 2017 et 2018, dans la zone forestière du sud-ouest du Nigéria, pour évaluer le rendement et la composition chimique du tournesol sauvage (Tithonia diversifolia) fertilisé avec un engrais composé (20N:10P2O5:10K2O), sous différentes densités de plantation. Des semis de Tithonia diversifolia âgés de 20 jours ont été transplantés sur un site, dans une disposition en parcelles divisées, avec une application d'engrais à 0, 50, 100, 200 et 400 kg/ha, en utilisant une densité de plantation de 83,3 × 103, 166,7 × 103, 222. ×103, 333 ×103, 500 ×103 et 1 000 ×103 plants/ha. Après 114 à 116 jours de croissance, les plantes ont été récoltées et analysées pour déterminer leur composition immédiate. Le rendement le plus élevé en matière sèche de plante entière a été obtenu avec un niveau d'engrais de 400 kg/ha et une densité de population de 333 × 103 plantes/ha. Les rendements en matière sèche des feuilles et des inflorescences ont culminé à 400 kg/ha d'application d'engrais, tandis que le meilleur rendement foliaire et la meilleure réponse de l'inflorescence à la densité résultaient de 333 × 103 plantes/ha,quelle que soit l'année étudiée. Dans l'ensemble des traitements d'engrais et selon les densités, les fractions de feuilles et d'inflorescences ont enregistré 16,88-22,92 % et 14,38-15,10 % CP, 12,09 13,24 % et 21,25-23,60 % CF, 4,89-5,60 % et 3,67-4,72 % EE et 13,42-14,84 %. et 6,27 à 7,53 % de cendres, respectivement. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que le rendement élevé en biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia, ","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"26 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3913
J. Ochefu, I. Bitto, S. A. Carew
The nutritive potentials of raw Ceiba pentandra (Kapok) seed, an oil seed, as a substitute for conventional oil seeds in livestock feed stuff, is tested. Twenty four rabbits of mixed breeds (New Zealand White × Chinchilla) and of both sexes, with mean initial weight of 1.25±0.25 kg, were used to investigate the effect of kapok seed meal on gastro-intestinal tract morphometry and carcass yield of growing rabbits. The diet was compounded using 0% (control diet), 10, 20 and 30% sundried raw delinted, undecorticated kapok seed meal. Each dietary treatment has six replicates. The animals were assigned to the diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). The study lasted for nine weeks. Weekly body weight changes of each rabbit were measured while gastrointestinal tract measurements and carcass yield were determined after the sacrifice of four (4) rabbits from each treatment at the end of the study. Results showed that treatment means varied significantly (p<0.05) with respect to weight gain, slaughter, dressed and head weights of rabbits; while relative head weights and dressing percentage were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatment means. The entire relative GIT, oesophagus and caecum weight were not significantly different (p>0.05), while the relative stomach, small intestine and colorectum weights varied significantly (p<0.05) among treatment means. The GIT length, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colorectum and caecum (%GIT length) did not differ (p>0.05) among treatment means. 33.3% mortality was recorded from treatment 4 (30%, KSM). It can be concluded from this study that raw KSM may be included in the diet of rabbits up to 20% but a higher level of inclusion could be detrimental. In addition, a prolonged feeding of or making raw KSM as basal diet is not recommended. Le potentiel nutritif de la graine brute de Ceiba pentandra (Kapok), une graine oléagineuse, en tant que substitut des graines oléagineuses conventionnelles dans l'alimentation du bétail, est testé. Vingt-quatre lapins de races mixtes (New Zealand White × Chinchilla) et des deux sexes, avec un poids initial moyen de 1,25 ± 0,25 kg, ont été utilisés pour étudier l'effet de la farine de graines de kapok sur la morphométrie du tractus gastro-intestinal et le rendement en carcasse de lapins en croissance. . Le régime a été composé en utilisant 0 % (régime témoin), 10, 20 et 30 % de farine de graines de kapok brutes séchées au soleil, non décortiquées. Chaque traitement diététique a six répétitions. Les animaux ont été assignés aux régimes dans une conception complètement randomisée (CCR). L'étude a duré neuf semaines. Les changements de poids corporel hebdomadaires de chaque lapin ont été mesurés tandis que les mesures du tractus gastro-intestinal et le rendement en carcasse ont été déterminés après le sacrifice de quatre (4) lapins de chaque traitement à la fin de l'étude. Les résultats ont montré que les moyennes de traitement variaient significativem
{"title":"Carcass yield and gastro-intestinal tract morphometry of rabbits fed delinted, undecorticated raw kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed meal based diets","authors":"J. Ochefu, I. Bitto, S. A. Carew","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3913","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritive potentials of raw Ceiba pentandra (Kapok) seed, an oil seed, as a substitute for conventional oil seeds in livestock feed stuff, is tested. Twenty four rabbits of mixed breeds (New Zealand White × Chinchilla) and of both sexes, with mean initial weight of 1.25±0.25 kg, were used to investigate the effect of kapok seed meal on gastro-intestinal tract morphometry and carcass yield of growing rabbits. The diet was compounded using 0% (control diet), 10, 20 and 30% sundried raw delinted, undecorticated kapok seed meal. Each dietary treatment has six replicates. The animals were assigned to the diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). The study lasted for nine weeks. Weekly body weight changes of each rabbit were measured while gastrointestinal tract measurements and carcass yield were determined after the sacrifice of four (4) rabbits from each treatment at the end of the study. Results showed that treatment means varied significantly (p<0.05) with respect to weight gain, slaughter, dressed and head weights of rabbits; while relative head weights and dressing percentage were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatment means. The entire relative GIT, oesophagus and caecum weight were not significantly different (p>0.05), while the relative stomach, small intestine and colorectum weights varied significantly (p<0.05) among treatment means. The GIT length, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colorectum and caecum (%GIT length) did not differ (p>0.05) among treatment means. 33.3% mortality was recorded from treatment 4 (30%, KSM). It can be concluded from this study that raw KSM may be included in the diet of rabbits up to 20% but a higher level of inclusion could be detrimental. In addition, a prolonged feeding of or making raw KSM as basal diet is not recommended. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Le potentiel nutritif de la graine brute de Ceiba pentandra (Kapok), une graine oléagineuse, en tant que substitut des graines oléagineuses conventionnelles dans l'alimentation du bétail, est testé. Vingt-quatre lapins de races mixtes (New Zealand White × Chinchilla) et des deux sexes, avec un poids initial moyen de 1,25 ± 0,25 kg, ont été utilisés pour étudier l'effet de la farine de graines de kapok sur la morphométrie du tractus gastro-intestinal et le rendement en carcasse de lapins en croissance. . Le régime a été composé en utilisant 0 % (régime témoin), 10, 20 et 30 % de farine de graines de kapok brutes séchées au soleil, non décortiquées. Chaque traitement diététique a six répétitions. Les animaux ont été assignés aux régimes dans une conception complètement randomisée (CCR). L'étude a duré neuf semaines. Les changements de poids corporel hebdomadaires de chaque lapin ont été mesurés tandis que les mesures du tractus gastro-intestinal et le rendement en carcasse ont été déterminés après le sacrifice de quatre (4) lapins de chaque traitement à la fin de l'étude. Les résultats ont montré que les moyennes de traitement variaient significativem","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3908
Y. Popoola, S. R. Ajayi, O. Ajayi, A. O. Oguntunji, A. K. Popoola, O. A. Owosibo, A. Omole
Understanding the effects of different feed ingredients incorporated into livestock feed and the demand for nutritious and sustainable food sources necessitate the need to explore alternative feed options for livestock. Evaluating the potential benefits of incorporating African Yam Bean (AYB) into snail diets is crucial in optimizing feed efficiency and enhancing the profitability of Snail farming. The study was designed to determine the effect of African Yam Bean meal (AYB), an underutilized legume in the diet of snails on dressing percentage, texture, flavor, general acceptability, protein and fat contents of the meat. 120 growing snails with mean weight of 73.42 ± 2.5g were used for the feeding trial. 4 diets were formulated to contain African Yam Beans (AYB) at 0% (AYB1) Control, 50% (AYB2), 75% (AYB3) and 100% (AYB4) as replacement for soya bean fraction in the diet. Complete Randomized Design was used for the trial; each treatment was replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. Carcass evaluation (dressing percentage, texture, flavor, general acceptability, protein and fat contents of the meat among others) were carried out at the end of the 120 days feeding trial. The dressing percentage of the snails was not significantly influenced by dietary treatments (P>0.05) and varied between 44.43 and 45.34%. The offal live weight and shell live weight percent were not significantly influenced by the varying inclusion of AYB in the diet (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in the crude protein (CP), taste of the meat, color, flavor, texture of the meat and general acceptability of the meat (P> 0.05). The Physico-chemical qualities of the meat were not affected by the inclusion of AYB in the diet. African Yam Bean meal could therefore be harnessed as alternative feed ingredient to Soyabean meal for snail. Comprendre les effets des différents ingrédients alimentaires incorporés dans l’alimentation du bétail et la demande de sources alimentaires nutritives et durables nécessitent d’explorer des options alternatives d’alimentation du bétail. L'évaluation des avantages potentiels de l'incorporation de haricots igname africains (HIA) dans l'alimentation des escargots est cruciale pour optimiser l'efficacité alimentaire et améliorer la rentabilité de l'élevage d'escargots. L'étude a été conçue pour déterminer l'effet de la farine haricots igname africains (HIA), une légumineuse sous-utilisée dans l'alimentation des escargots, sur le pourcentage de vinaigrette, la texture, la saveur, l'acceptabilité générale, la teneur en protéines et en matières grasses de la viande. 120 escargots en croissance d'un poids moyen de 73,42 ± 2,5 g ont été utilisés pour l'essai d'alimentation. Quatre régimes ont été formulés pour contenir des haricots igname africains (HIA) à 0 % (HIA1) témoin, 50 % (HIA2), 75 % (HIA3) et 100 % (HIA4) en remplacement de la fraction de soja dans l'alimentation. Un plan randomisé complet a été utilisé pour l'essai ; chaq
{"title":"Carcass Evaluation of Snails (Archachatina marginata) Fed Diet Containing Varying Levels of African Yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa L.)","authors":"Y. Popoola, S. R. Ajayi, O. Ajayi, A. O. Oguntunji, A. K. Popoola, O. A. Owosibo, A. Omole","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3908","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the effects of different feed ingredients incorporated into livestock feed and the demand for nutritious and sustainable food sources necessitate the need to explore alternative feed options for livestock. Evaluating the potential benefits of incorporating African Yam Bean (AYB) into snail diets is crucial in optimizing feed efficiency and enhancing the profitability of Snail farming. The study was designed to determine the effect of African Yam Bean meal (AYB), an underutilized legume in the diet of snails on dressing percentage, texture, flavor, general acceptability, protein and fat contents of the meat. 120 growing snails with mean weight of 73.42 ± 2.5g were used for the feeding trial. 4 diets were formulated to contain African Yam Beans (AYB) at 0% (AYB1) Control, 50% (AYB2), 75% (AYB3) and 100% (AYB4) as replacement for soya bean fraction in the diet. Complete Randomized Design was used for the trial; each treatment was replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. Carcass evaluation (dressing percentage, texture, flavor, general acceptability, protein and fat contents of the meat among others) were carried out at the end of the 120 days feeding trial. The dressing percentage of the snails was not significantly influenced by dietary treatments (P>0.05) and varied between 44.43 and 45.34%. The offal live weight and shell live weight percent were not significantly influenced by the varying inclusion of AYB in the diet (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in the crude protein (CP), taste of the meat, color, flavor, texture of the meat and general acceptability of the meat (P> 0.05). The Physico-chemical qualities of the meat were not affected by the inclusion of AYB in the diet. African Yam Bean meal could therefore be harnessed as alternative feed ingredient to Soyabean meal for snail. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Comprendre les effets des différents ingrédients alimentaires incorporés dans l’alimentation du bétail et la demande de sources alimentaires nutritives et durables nécessitent d’explorer des options alternatives d’alimentation du bétail. L'évaluation des avantages potentiels de l'incorporation de haricots igname africains (HIA) dans l'alimentation des escargots est cruciale pour optimiser l'efficacité alimentaire et améliorer la rentabilité de l'élevage d'escargots. L'étude a été conçue pour déterminer l'effet de la farine haricots igname africains (HIA), une légumineuse sous-utilisée dans l'alimentation des escargots, sur le pourcentage de vinaigrette, la texture, la saveur, l'acceptabilité générale, la teneur en protéines et en matières grasses de la viande. 120 escargots en croissance d'un poids moyen de 73,42 ± 2,5 g ont été utilisés pour l'essai d'alimentation. Quatre régimes ont été formulés pour contenir des haricots igname africains (HIA) à 0 % (HIA1) témoin, 50 % (HIA2), 75 % (HIA3) et 100 % (HIA4) en remplacement de la fraction de soja dans l'alimentation. Un plan randomisé complet a été utilisé pour l'essai ; chaq","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.51791/njap.v50i1.3905
A. Iwegbu, E. P. Irikefe, A. M. Moemeke
In the face of increasing demand for food by man and animals and the cost of conventional feed ingredients it has become overwhelmingly imperative source for alternative feeding sources that have no direct usage to man and can ameliorate the cost of production. On this, a 70-day study was carried out to determine the influence of Carica papaya aqueous leaf extract (CPALE) on the blood characteristics and performance of growing rabbits. The experiment was done in a complete randomized design (CRD) using 24 growing rabbits of New Zealand White breed. Treatment 1 (control) had no CPALE while experimental extracts were administered to treatments 2, 3 and 4 in the following proportions; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 (100, 200 and 300mls) respectively per litre of distilled water. Other dietary feed ingredients were supplied on weight equalization basis. Result from haematology revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences on the PCV, WBC, MCV and MCHC while Hb, RBC and MCH were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatment. The serological indices assayed were all significantly (P<0.05) affected except creatinine which was not affected by the treatment diet. Similarly, the performance result revealed significant (P<0.05) differences on the average live weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain while other parameters such as total feed consumed, daily feed consumed, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment diets. Conclusively, treatment diets performed better than the control diet and the blood characteristics assayed were within range as there was no indication of diseases traceable to the blood parameters. Face à la demande croissante de nourriture par l’homme et les animaux et au coût des ingrédients alimentaires conventionnels, il est devenu extrêmement impératif de recourir à des sources d’alimentation alternatives qui n’ont pas d’utilité directe pour l’homme et peuvent réduire le coût de production. Sur ce point, une étude de 70 jours a été réalisée pour déterminer l'influence de l'extrait aqueux de feuilles de Carica papaya (EAFCP) sur les caractéristiques sanguines et les performances des lapins en croissance. L'expérience a été réalisée selon un plan randomisé complet (PRC) utilisant 24 lapins en croissance de race blanche de Nouvelle-Zélande. Le traitement 1 (témoin) ne comportait pas de EAFCP alors que des extraits expérimentaux ont été administrés aux traitements 2, 3 et 4 dans les proportions suivantes : 0,1, 0,2 et 0,3 (100, 200 et 300 ml) respectivement par litre d'eau distillée. D'autres ingrédients alimentaires diététiques ont été fournis sur une base d'égalisation du poids. Les résultats de l'hématologie ont révélé qu'il y avait des différences significatives (P < 0,05) sur le PCV, les WBC, le MCV et le MCHC, tandis que l'Hb, le RBC et le MCH n'étaient pas affectés de manière significative (P > 0,05) par le traitement diététique. Les
面对人类和动物对食物需求的不断增长，以及传统饲料原料成本的不断上涨，寻找对人类没有直接使用价值且能降低生产成本的替代饲料来源已成为当务之急。为此，我们进行了一项为期 70 天的研究，以确定木瓜水叶提取物（CPALE）对生长兔血液特征和性能的影响。实验采用完全随机设计（CRD），使用了 24 只新西兰白种生长兔。处理 1（对照组）不添加 CPALE，而处理 2、3 和 4 则按以下比例添加实验提取物：每公升蒸馏水中分别添加 0.1、0.2 和 0.3（100、200 和 300 毫升）。其他日粮配料按体重均分。血液学结果表明，日粮处理对鲑鱼有显著影响（P0.05）。检测的血清学指标均受到日粮处理的显著影响（P 0.05）。Les indices sérologiques dosés étaient tous significativement (P<0,05) affectés sauf la créatinine qui n'était pas affectée par le régime alimentaire de traitement.同样，性能结果在中等体重、总体重增加和定量体重增加方面也有显著差异（P<0.05）、而其他参数，如总食物消耗量、定量食物消耗量、食物转化率和保护效率比值，则没有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。P <0,05）。总之，治疗方案比营养方案得出的结果更好，而分析的血红蛋白指标也在限制范围内，因为没有任何迹象表明血红蛋白参数可导致疾病。
{"title":"Effect of Carica papaya Aqueous Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Blood Characteristics of Weaner Rabbits","authors":"A. Iwegbu, E. P. Irikefe, A. M. Moemeke","doi":"10.51791/njap.v50i1.3905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i1.3905","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of increasing demand for food by man and animals and the cost of conventional feed ingredients it has become overwhelmingly imperative source for alternative feeding sources that have no direct usage to man and can ameliorate the cost of production. On this, a 70-day study was carried out to determine the influence of Carica papaya aqueous leaf extract (CPALE) on the blood characteristics and performance of growing rabbits. The experiment was done in a complete randomized design (CRD) using 24 growing rabbits of New Zealand White breed. Treatment 1 (control) had no CPALE while experimental extracts were administered to treatments 2, 3 and 4 in the following proportions; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 (100, 200 and 300mls) respectively per litre of distilled water. Other dietary feed ingredients were supplied on weight equalization basis. Result from haematology revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences on the PCV, WBC, MCV and MCHC while Hb, RBC and MCH were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatment. The serological indices assayed were all significantly (P<0.05) affected except creatinine which was not affected by the treatment diet. Similarly, the performance result revealed significant (P<0.05) differences on the average live weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain while other parameters such as total feed consumed, daily feed consumed, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment diets. Conclusively, treatment diets performed better than the control diet and the blood characteristics assayed were within range as there was no indication of diseases traceable to the blood parameters. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Face à la demande croissante de nourriture par l’homme et les animaux et au coût des ingrédients alimentaires conventionnels, il est devenu extrêmement impératif de recourir à des sources d’alimentation alternatives qui n’ont pas d’utilité directe pour l’homme et peuvent réduire le coût de production. Sur ce point, une étude de 70 jours a été réalisée pour déterminer l'influence de l'extrait aqueux de feuilles de Carica papaya (EAFCP) sur les caractéristiques sanguines et les performances des lapins en croissance. L'expérience a été réalisée selon un plan randomisé complet (PRC) utilisant 24 lapins en croissance de race blanche de Nouvelle-Zélande. Le traitement 1 (témoin) ne comportait pas de EAFCP alors que des extraits expérimentaux ont été administrés aux traitements 2, 3 et 4 dans les proportions suivantes : 0,1, 0,2 et 0,3 (100, 200 et 300 ml) respectivement par litre d'eau distillée. D'autres ingrédients alimentaires diététiques ont été fournis sur une base d'égalisation du poids. Les résultats de l'hématologie ont révélé qu'il y avait des différences significatives (P < 0,05) sur le PCV, les WBC, le MCV et le MCHC, tandis que l'Hb, le RBC et le MCH n'étaient pas affectés de manière significative (P > 0,05) par le traitement diététique. Les","PeriodicalId":19417,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Animal Production","volume":"19 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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