Oman Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

Variation of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) data presentation in existing scientific publications is a challenge for eye care practitioners to apply the scientific information for evidence-based practice in patient management. This review offers an overview of the mfERG data presentation types. Eight types of data presentation in the form of a table, scatter plot, line graph, bar graph/box plot, single waveform/a group of waveforms, trace array topography, three-dimensional topography, and two-dimensional topography are identified. The table format is used to provide the exact values. Line graphs, scatter, and box plots offer information about the relationship of mfERG values. Waveforms are helpful for comparison between groups or conditions. Topographies outline the retinal, especially the specific localized retinal abnormalities. An infographic of fundamental mfERG electrical response with definitions and clinical indications is provided to bridge the gap between researchers and clinicians to facilitate efficient clinical application.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and estimate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Indian fresh medical graduates with respect to ophthalmic emergencies.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1300 participants who had completed compulsory rotatory residential internship with the help of a questionnaire distributed through social platforms. The Chi-square and Pearson's coefficient relation tests were used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. P <0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.

Results: Good knowledge proportionately corresponded to a good attitude with statistical significance (P = 0.000). Participants with good practice also had a good attitude with significance (P = 0.001). Good knowledge participants who managed ophthalmic emergencies were statistically significant than that of participants with poor knowledge and managed ophthalmic emergencies, 15.72%. (χ² = 16.653, P = 0.000). Attitude toward confidence in the management of ophthalmic emergencies and their willingness in undergoing training was significant (χ² = 43.8, P = 0.000).

Conclusion: Educating and training fresh medical graduates can help in the management and mitigation of ophthalmic emergencies to reduce ocular morbidity and prevent blindness to a greater degree.

Background: The surgical management of large-angle concomitant esotropia is challenging with high reoperation rates. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative botulinum toxin A (BTA) augmentation compared to surgery alone in large angle concomitant esotropia.

Materials and methods: This is a prospective randomized interventional study. Patients with large angle concomitant esotropia (≥55 prism diopter [PD]) were randomly allocated to either surgery only (Group I) or BTA augmented surgery (Group II). The surgical effect in PD/mm was calculated and compared between the study groups at all follow up intervals. Treatment was considered successful if the patients had orthotropia ± 10 PD at their final examinations.

Results: A total of 23 patients were included in the study, 11 in Group I and 12 in group II. The surgical effect was significantly greater in Group II compared to Group I at all follow up durations. The 1-year surgical effect was 32.5% greater in Group II compared to Group I (5.99 ± 0.69 vs. 4.52 ± 0.91 PD/mm, respectively, P = 0.001). The success rate was greater for Group II compared to Group I (75% vs. 63.64%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.901).

Conclusion: Botulinum toxin augmented surgery is a good alternative to surgery alone in the treatment of large angle concomitant esotropia. BTA injection exerts a significant augmentation effect on medial rectus muscle recessions.

A 48-year-old male with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) presented with bilateral diminution of vision. Ocular examination revealed bilateral central corneal thinning, scarring with ectasia, depigmented irides, transillumination defects, and pseudophakia. Examination of the right eye also revealed a hyperoleon, emulsified silicon oil in the vitreous cavity, and an attached retina, while the left eye had a total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This case describes a unique set of challenges (the presence of an ectatic scarred cornea and a hypopigmented fundus) and sodium fluorescein dye as an adjunct in the surgical management of a complex RRD. A review of literature highlighting the association of keratoconus and RRD in OCA is also presented in this report.

Background: Red eye is a common symptom in patients visiting the ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD). However, not all with red eye are due to infection and some can be threatening to visual loss. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among the general public regarding red eye attending a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted after approval by the institutional ethics review board among 500 patients >18 years attending general OPD excluding ophthalmology in tertiary hospital and research institute, Tamil Nadu, from January 2022 to April 2022. After informed consent, a semi-structured questionnaire with details of KAP on red eye was used and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Chi-square test using SPSS version 16.

Results: Among the 500 participants, one-third were >60 years, 58%-females. Only 15.6% had awareness on red eye, 12.6% were aware of serious side effects while <10% knew the complication of red eye such as visual loss can follow if left untreated. Among those aware, 63% reported infection as the most common cause, followed by injury and allergy. Source of awareness was from past experience in the majority of the patients, followed by mass media and doctors. Only 12.4% had a positive attitude while 14.2% had good practice of seeking medical attention. Harmful practices such as instilling breast milk and instilling over-counter drops were highly prevalent. The major determinants of awareness were younger age, literacy, and health education given by health personnel (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Awareness about red eye, attitude, and practice among the general population in rural settings in Tamil Nadu are still poor. The need of the hour is for health education on red eye and management to prevent morbidity and loss of vision in the community at all levels of health care.

Purpose: To evaluate the factors influencing the refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade (SOT) and silicone oil removal (SOR) in different lens statuses post-vitreoretinal surgery.

Design: Retrospective analysis of three different lens statuses.

Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study that included 150 eyes of 147 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with SOT and SOR between January 2017 and June 2021. Demographic profile, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and its association with clinical features were evaluated with SOT and post-SOR.

Results: The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age was 47 ± 17.8 years, including all three groups. SER was represented in diopters (D). The mean ± SD refraction with SOT in phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic was 4.28 ± 2.59 D, 2.94 ± 2.58 D, and 3.98 ± 4.82 D. The mean SER post-SOR in phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic was -2.72 ± 2.03 D, -1.12 ± 1.41 D, and 8.22 ± 3.70 D. The diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) among 96 eyes (64%) is the common indicator to perform vitreoretinal (VR) surgery. A minority of subjects were managed with retinal lasers before VR surgery (14%). The macula was attached in 100 eyes (67.6%), the belt buckle was done in 37 eyes (24.7%), and the silicone oil viscosity with 1000 centistoke was chosen in 129 eyes (86%).

Conclusion: SOT was used as a tamponade in VR surgeries irrespective of lens status. The significant predictor for post-SOR refraction in phakic and aphakic is post-SOT refraction. In pseudophakic, gender and diagnosis of RRD are the predictors of SOR refraction.