Oman Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

Background: Purpose was to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and its related risk factors in children aged 3-6 years in Bojnurd, north-eastern Iran.

Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, from 12,331 children aged 3-6 in Bojnurd, 6600 children participated in annual amblyopic screening program and among them, around 1100 suspected cases were referred for full ophthalmic examinations. Measurement of visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, subjective refraction, and cover test were performed for all participants. Amblyopia was defined as CDVA of 0.2 LogMar or less in each eye or 2-line difference or more in best-corrected visual acuity between two eyes.

Results: The prevalence of amblyopia was estimated 0.95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73%-1.2%). There was no relationship between amblyopia with age and genders. Most amblyopic children were hyperopic (61.9%; 95% CI: 48.7-73.8). Strabismus was found in 17.4% of amblyopic patients (95% CI: 9.05%-29.09%). Approximately half of the amblyopic children were anisometropic (55.5%; 95% CI: 42.40%-68.08%). The most common type of amblyopia was anisohyperopic (55.56%; 95% CI: 42.5%-67.5%). The prevalence of bilateral amblyopia was more than unilateral amblyopia. The assessment of data showed that hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were the most common causes of amblyopia in this study.

Conclusions: The prevalence of amblyopia was estimated about 1% in north-eastern Iran. Our study indicated a valuable information around the effect of refractive error and anisometropia on amblyopia which could be helpful in designing a comprehensive vision screening program for preschool children.

Inadvertent globe perforation following peribulbar anesthesia can lead to unpleasant experiences if not identified early and managed appropriately. We present the case of a 75-year-old female who came with decreased vision in the left eye (LE) following cataract surgery under peribulbar block. Her visual acuity in the right eye (RE) was 6/24 and LE was 6/75. Fundus examination of LE showed vitreous hemorrhage with localized subretinal hemorrhage along the inferotemporal arcade suggestive of globe perforation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT, Spectralis. Heidelberg imaging, Germany) scan across the perforation site showed subretinal hemorrhage and full-thickness retinal tear. On follow-up, two more focal points of retinal whitening were noted in the inferotemporal equatorial region. The patient was kept under close monitoring, and 4 weeks later, vision improved to 6/9 and barrage laser was done around the perforation sites. Serial OCT scans and close follow-up in iatrogenic globe perforation can result in good visual outcomes.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire in university undergraduate and post-graduate students.

Settings and design: Centre-based and questionnaire-based.

Subjects and methods: Subjects were recruited from a university. First, an e-Survey was conducted with the help of Google form and distributed through WhatsApp and Gmail to carry out the survey. The age group of participants was ranged from 18 to 30 years. A total number of 561 responses was received during the data collection period. As per the exclusion criteria, 230 responses were excluded from the study. Out of 331 students, 154 were male while 177 were female. Out of 331 participants, 213 were undergraduates and 118 were postgraduate's students.

Results: A total of 331 participants took part in the study. The minimum age was 18 years and the maximum age was 30 years. The mean age of the participants was 23.40 ± 2.42. Among all students, 23.81% had somatic sensations followed by 10.49% had impaired vision, and 16.31% had a poor cognitive function. The correlation between somatic sensations-impaired visions was a moderate positive correlation and a strong positive correlation between somatic sensations-cognitive performance and impaired vision-cognitive performance.

Conclusions: A significant relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance was found in the study. The students had more somatic sensations than impaired vision and cognitive performance.

Purpose: The purpose is to study the anatomical outcome of eyes in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP), treated with laser photocoagulation alone and to evaluate factors affecting outcomes.

Methods: Records of consecutive babies diagnosed with AROP, undergoing laser photocoagulation treatment in rural tertiary care centers from October 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Anatomical outcome at 6 months follow-up was grouped as good in eyes with complete regression and poor in those who developed retinal detachment (stage IV a, IV b, and V). Both groups were compared with respect to the period of gestation, birth weight (BW), age at screening, age at treatment, zone of disease, presence of retinal fibrovascular proliferation (FVP), tunica vasculosa lentis, preretinal bleed, need for supplement laser, and associated systemic risk factors.

Results: Of the total of 2468 babies screened, 124 (5.02%) were diagnosed with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), of which 54 (43.5%) lasered AROP babies were analyzed. Mean BW and gestation period of the AROP cohort were 1.43 kg and 31.1 weeks, respectively. Eighty-six eyes (79.6%) had good outcomes with laser photocoagulation alone. Posterior location of disease, presence of FVP, neonatal sepsis, shock, and late screening for ROP were found to be factors associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusion: Adequate and timely treatment with laser photocoagulation in AROP can achieve good treatment outcomes in a significant proportion of babies. Although a combined approach using laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and early vitrectomy is better, laser remains a viable treatment option in AROP, especially with limited resources and high risk of loss to follow-up.

Background: To evaluate the clinical profile, risk factors, and ophthalmic diagnostic and monitoring tools in Omani patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A retrospective single institutional cohort study on Omani patients with a fulfilled diagnosis of IIH from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2020, was conducted. The data obtained from the neuro-ophthalmic clinic contained age of onset of the disease, gender of patients, body mass index (BMI), presence of other associated conditions, and medication use.

Results: Our study group comprised 21 patients with IIH with an annual incidence rate of 2.8 per 100,000 population. Female-to-male ratio was 9.5:1 with a mean age of 27.24 ± 7.1. Headaches appeared to be the most prevalent symptom in 21 (100%) patients, followed by transient obscuration of vision in 9 (42.9%) patients and diplopia in 3 (14.3%) patients, and the least common symptom was pulsatile tinnitus in 2 (9.5%) patients. Increased BMI was seen in 19 (90.5%) patients and noted to be the most prevalent predisposing factor among our study group. The use of oral contraceptive pills was documented in 4 (19%) patients and 1 (4.8%) patient was noted to have polycystic ovary syndrome. All patients (100%) had a best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 in both eyes pre- and postrecovery and 7 (33.3%) patients had an enlarged blind spot on visual field testing. All patients had papilledema on presentation and an average of 14.1 months to resolve to normal clinically and on OCT monitoring. All patients were treated with medications and only 1 (4.8%) continued to have intractable headaches that did not respond to maximum medical therapy and required surgery.

Conclusion: The incidence of IIH in the Omani population was found to be less than neighboring countries but comparable worldwide. OCT is considered a useful tool to confirm and document papilledema and more importantly monitor recovery.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) improvement in evaporative dry eye patients after treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy compared to punctal plug insertion.

Methods: A prospective comparative interventional study included 30 patients with moderate-to-severe evaporative dry eye. Patients' QOL affection before and after treatment was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Fifteen patients were treated with IPL therapy (Group 1). The other 15 patients were treated with silicone punctal plug insertion (Group 2).

Results: Improvement of patients' QOL was noticed in all patients of Group 1, with significant improvement of OSDI score from a mean value of 56.9 to 22.9 (P = 0.001). Improvement was noticed in 80% of Group 2 patients (mean OSDI score pretreatment: 53.8 and posttreatment: 31.7, P = 0.017). The tear breakup time (TBUT) in Group 1 significantly improved from a mean of 3.2 s to 5.9 s (P = 0.001), whereas it showed no significant changes in Group 2 (mean TBUT pretreatment: 3.6 s and posttreatment: 3.9 s, P = 0.654). Complications occurred in 13.3% in Group 2, including punctal granuloma and proximal canalicular obstruction. No adverse effects were recorded in Group 1.

Conclusion: IPL therapy had better results with more improvement of patients' QOL compared to punctal plugs. It also showed a better safety profile with no reported complications.